《情态动词的用法》PPT课件.ppt

情态动词 概说 情态动词表示说话人的语气和情态 需要 可能 愿意和怀疑等 情态动词有一定的词义 但不完整 必须和主要动词的原形一起构成谓语 常用的情态动词有 can could may might must haveto oughtto need dare shall will should would beableto etc 一 can could beabletoI 1 can表示体力或脑力方面的能力 或根据客观条件能够做某事的能力 Ablindmancannotjudgecolor Hecanspeakfivelanguages 2 表示许可 在疑问句中表示要求 否定句中表示不许 Can May Icomein CanIuseyourdictionary Ofcourse youcan Thiskindofthingcan tgoon 3 表示可能性 常用于疑问句和否定句中 指 某事是否是事实 Canitbetrue Canthehallseatathousandpeople Someoneisknockingatthedoor Whocanitbe Shecan tbehere Hecan tbeserious Marycan thavegonetherealone 4 表示温和的命令或批评Youcangoandfetchsomewater Youcancleanthewindowsfirst Youcouldreadmoreinfuture Youcouldbemorecareful 5 beableto与can的比较A 表示能力时可通用Noonecan isabletodoit Canyoucometonight Willyoubeabletocometonight B beableto可用于任何时态 can只能用在现在时或过去时 could 中 I msorryIhaven tbeenabletoansweryourletter Hesays saidhewill wouldbeabletocomehomeforChristmas C 表示经过努而成功地办到了某个具体的事情时 只能用beableto不可用can Withthehelpofthefiremen theywereabletoleavetheburninghouse Afteryearsofhardworkhewasabletowintheprize 2 could1 could是can的过去时 除具有can的各种功能外 还可以用来比较委婉 客气地提出问题或陈述看法 Couldyoucomealittleearlier I msorryIcouldn tlendyouthebooknow CouldIborrowyourbicycle Yes ofcourse youcan 不可用could Icouldcomeearlier ifnecessary 2 can和could还可表示某人或某物一时的特点 可译为 有可能 有时会 Hecanbeveryfriendly Hecouldbeveryproud Mancanbeascruelaswildbeasts Childrencouldbeverytrying 伤脑筋 二 may might1 表示许可 允许 译为 可以 正式场合 Youmaytakethebookhome Peoplemaynotpickflowersinthepark I dliketoaskaquestionifImayask MayIwatchTVtonight Yes youmay No youmustn t you dbetternot MayIsmokehere Yes please pleasedon t 2 表示推测 或许 可能 表示一件事或许会发生 一般用在陈述句中 Itmayraintomorrow Theymaynotbetheretoday Foolsmayaskquestionsmorethanwisemencananswer Anybodymaygetill 注 may指事实上的可能性 can指逻辑上的可能性Mr Smithlookspale Hemaybeill Mr Smithisinpoorhealth Hecanbeillatanytime 3 表示祝愿Mayourfriendshiplivelong Mayyousucceed Mayyouhaveagoodtime Mayyoubehappy 4 常用在目的状语从句或让步状语从句中Getupearlysothatwemaycatchthefirstbus Shewentbyairthatshemight couldarriveearlier Whoeverhemaybe heshouldobeytherules Hewouldworkhard howeverrichhemightbe 5 maywell 动词原形意为 理应 有足够的理由 may mightaswell 动词原形用来建议或劝说某人采取某种行动 有时相当于hadbetter常译为 还不如 不妨 Hemaywellbeproudofhisson 他大可以他的儿子为荣 Shemaywellsayso 她说得对 Itisverylate soyoumay mightaswellgotobed Might might是may的过去式 在表示可能时可以换用 但might可能性较小 或表示更婉转的语气 Jimmaylendyoumoney Jimmightlendyoumoney MightIaskaquestion MightIaskforaphotoofyourbaby IwonderifImightborrowsomemoney 三 must haveto need1 must的用法 1 表示必须要做的事 意为 必须 否定式表示不应该 不许可禁止等 在回答must的问句时 不用mustn t 而用needn t或don thavetoImustleaveat9 Wemustdoeverythingstepbystep Wemustn twasteourtime IfeltImustcallandseehim Mustwehandinourexercisestoday Yes youmust No youneedn t No youdon thaveto 2 must表示 偏要 偏偏 或 干吗 硬要 多指不愉快的事 Whymustyoualwaysinterruptme Mustyougososoon Thecarmustbreakdownjustwhenwewereabouttostartoff AfterIgiveheradvice shemustgoanddotheopposite 3 must也可表示客观必然性 意为 必然会 总是会 Allmenmustdie Truthmustbeout Wintermustbefollowedbyspring 3 must还可表示一种推断和揣测 must do对现在事实的猜测 must havedone对过去事实的猜测 ThismustbeJim spen Youmustbejoking Ican tfindmykey Imusthaveleftitinthebus Thebookmusthavebeenwrittenbyawoman Youmusthavebeenthinkingofsomething 2 must与haveto的比较 1 haveto比较强调客观需要 表示因客观环境或事态促使而不得不做某事 must强调主观看法 表示主观上认为有必要做某事 Imustlearnanotherforeignlanguage Youhavetolearnanotherforeignlanguageifyouwanttoworkhere Youmustbebackbefore10o clock Youhavetobebackbefore10o clockbecausethetrainistoleaveat10 15 2 haveto多表示义务或习惯动作 must则表示一种重要或急迫的事情 Youhavetocarefortheyoung Shehastobeattheofficebeforeeighteveryday Youmustgotothemanageratonce oryou llbedismissed 3 haveto可用于不同时态 可同其他情态动词连用 而must则只有一种形式 WewillhavetobuyanotherTVset Sheisalwayshavingtomakedecisions Hehashadtoreconsiderhisposition Shemayhavetostaytherelonger Ihaveto mustleavenow 3 need的用法 1 作情态动词用时 多用于疑问或否定句中 回答need提出的问句时 肯定常用must否定常用needn t don thavetoYouneednotdoanythinghere Heneverneedknow Sheneedhardlysayanythingtohim Idon tthinkheneedcome NeedIrepeatit Thereneedbenohurry needthere NeedIgososoon Yes youmust No youneedn t No youdon thaveto 2 need作情态动词用时 也常用在if 或unless引导的条件状语从句或wonder后面的宾语从句 IfIneedstartearly Iwill IwonderwhetherIneedadvisehim Iwon twritetoherunlessIneedwritetoher 3 needhave 过去分词 表示不必做谋事 但却做了 有责备之意 didn tneed havetodo表示不必做且没做Youneedn thavetoldthemaboutit Iinvitedonlytwoguests soyouneedn thavebroughtsomuchfood Ididn thaveto didn tneedtogetupearlyonSunday soIstayedinbeduntil8o clock need用做行为动词时的用法 1 needtodo needdoing needtobedone的用法Ineedtobuyanewdictionary Mybikeneedstoberepaired repairing 2 在will或shall表示的将来时中need常用做行为动词 Youwillneverneedtoworryabouthim Youwillneedtosaynothing 四 will和would的用法 1 表示意愿意志和决心或固执 用于非人主语时 表示固有性质 倾向Shewon tlendmethemoney Heisthemanwhowillgohisownway I llneverplayajokeonhim Iwon targuewithyou Thewindowwon topen Thedoorwon tshut 2 表示客观事实Fishwilldieoutofwater Oilwillfloatonwater 3 表示一种揣想 用于二 三人称ItwillbeMr Wangknockingatthedoor Shewillhaveheardoftheaccident Sorrytobelate Youwillhavebeenwaitingforsometime Youwillnotbefamiliarwiththeserareplants 4 用于疑问句表示邀请或请求Willyougivemeapieceofpaper Won tyoucomeinandhavealittlewine Wouldyoupleasetellmeyourtelephonenumber 5 表示 诺言 命令 叮嘱 强迫 译为 保证 保证不 必须 一定要Wewillpaybackthemoneysoon Iwon tdoitanymore Ipromiseyou You llwaitheretillIcomeback Noonewillleavetheexaminationroombefore12o clock Allwillarrivebefore7 45 Youwillfinishitbeforeyouleave 6 表示意图或允诺Youwillhaveyourshare Iwilltroubleyouforthedictionary 7 表示拒绝 用won tIwon tlistentoyournonsense Thedogwon tstopbarking 8 would与will的用法基本相同 would是will的过去式 如 will表示习惯而would过去习惯 用在疑问句中would比will语气更温婉等差异 ItoldhimthatIwouldgoalongwithhim I mafraidthejourneywouldbetooexpensive Wouldlikesomethingtoeat WhenIwasachild Iwouldgoswimmingeverysummer 五 shall should ought的用法A shall的用法1 用于一 三人称 表示征求意见或请求指示 ShallIturnonthelight Shallwemeetintheevening ShallIcomein 你要我进来吗 May Can MightIcomein 我可以进来吗 Shalltheycomeinorwaitoutside Shallhecometoseeyou Shall he she they dosth Doyouwanthim her themtodosth 2 用于二 三人称 表示决心 意志 允诺 命令 警告 威胁 命运或必然的结果等 Youshallhavemyanswertomorrow 允诺 Youshallbesorryforitoneday 警告 YoushallleavetheroomorI llshoot 警告 TheyshalldoasItellthem 命令或吩咐 Nothingshallstopusfromcarryingoutthisplan Youshallnotsmokehere 命令或禁止 Deathiscertaintoall allshalldie 死必临万物 万物皆会死 命运 Whotouchespitchshallbedefiled 玩火者必自焚 必然结果 B should的用法1 表示劝告 建议 应该做 且有一种道义上的责任 Youshouldstudythearticlecarefully Suchathingshouldn tbeallowedtohappenagain Ishouldhelphimbecauseheisintroublenow Youshoulddoitbecauseyouhavepromisedto 2 表示对现在 将来 过去情况的某种推测 译为 可能 应该 该 Heshouldarriveatnoon Jimshouldbeathomenow Theyshouldhavefinishedtheworkbytomorrow Theyshouldhavereachedthetownbynow 3 用于委婉 谦虚的提出意见 请求建议 Ishouldsayitwouldbebettertotryitagain Ishouldthinkyouareright I dliketohaveatalkwithyou 4 用于疑问或感叹句中 表示意外 惊异等情绪 与what how why who连用 且问句不需回答 有些相当于修辞性问句 WhyshouldIfear Idon tfearatall WhatshouldIseebutmisery Icouldseenothingbutmisery Shouldwestandbyanddonothing Shouldyoubesosilly 5 在某些从句中 表示惊异 不以为然等情绪 可译为 竟然 用在独立的that从句中 这时 that从句已成为感叹句 可视为省略了I msorry等 用在结果状语从句中 表示 竟会 Thatthingsshouldcometothis 竟落到这种地步 Thatamanshouldbecruel 人竟会如此残忍 WhathaveIsaidthatyoushouldgetangry 我说了什么竟使你生气了 Itseemssounfairthatthisshouldhappentome Itwasn trightthatsuchnearneighborsshouldnotknowoneanother 6 用来表示虚拟 should do should havedone 1 句中有表示命令 请求 建议 坚持等意义时 名词性从句中的谓语动词要用虚拟 should do TheteachersuggestedthatweshouldpracticespeakingEnglishasmuchaspossible Mysuggestionisthatyoushouldgowithus Itissuggestedthatweshouldstartworkatonce Hemadeasuggestionthatweshouldhelpthepoor 2 在下面结构的主语从句中Itisimportant necessary natural strange apityetc用虚拟 should do Itisimportantthatweshouldstudyanotherforeignlanguage Itisagreatpitythatsheshouldhavefailedtoseesuchawonderfulperformance 3 在lest forfearthat incase引起的状语从句中 谓语动词用 should do Heclearstheglasswithcareforfearthatheshouldbreakit Bequietincaseyoushouldwakethebaby Theyspokeinwhisperslesttheyshouldbeheard 4 should havedone表示过去应该做某事却没做 含有 责备 内疚 之意 Sheshouldhavehelpedyoualot Youshouldhavetoldhimaboutit Theyshould oughttohavecomebackyesterday 六 dare的用法1 dare用作情态动词常表示现在或将来时间 有时也可表示过去 可用于肯定句 否定句 疑问句或if unless等引导的从句Hedaregodeepintothemountainsalone Shedaresaywhatshethinks Hedarenotcriticizeher Sheneverdarespeakinpublic Noonedaregothere Howdareyoudosuchathing Dareyougohomealone Iwonderifshedarecomehome Iwonderwhethershedaredisclosethesecret 2 dare用作行为动词时常用作及物动词 表示 敢于 敢冒 敢于面对 向 挑战 后可跟名词 代词或不定式Hedaresanydifficulties Hedaresmetojumpoverthewall 他向我挑战跳过那堵墙Idareyoutodoit 量你也不敢Hedaredtoswimintheriver Shedidn tdaretotellhermotheraboutit Iwonderhowhedaredtosayso注 Dare同shall will should would have had等连用时 常用作行为动词 Iwillnotdaretoclimbthetree Hewouldneverdaretodoit Theyhaveneverdaredtoswiminthelake 七 情态动词 动词完成式的用法1 may和might 动词完成式1 常用于推测过去的行为 表示 可能已经 Hemayhavereceivedtheletter ItmighthavehappenedlastOctober 2 也可表示将来某时之前的情况Hemayhaveleftwhenyougetthere Shemighthavediedbeforehereturns 3 表示现在已经完成的情况Hemighthavearrivednow Shemayhavegotupnow 2 can could 动词完成式1 表示本来能做而没做的事 有一种对过去未付朱实施的事情的惋惜Icouldhavepassedtheexam butIwastoocareless Inthatcasewecouldhavedoneitbetter 2 对过去某种事实或行为的推测Wherecan couldshehavegone 3 must 动词完成式 表示对过去行为的推断 具有较大的可能性 译为 一定 想必 Shemusthavegonethroughalot 她一定吃了不少苦Hemusthaveknownaboutit 4 needn t 动词完成式和didn tneedtodo1 needn t 动词完成式 表示一种已经做过的但并无比要的行为Youneedn thavewateredtheflowers foritisgoingtorain 2 didn tneedtodo 表示没有必要做某事 实际上也没做 Ididn tneedtocleanthewindows Mysisterdidit 八 情态动词 动词进行式该结构表示 应当正在 可能正在 Shemightbestillthinkingofyou Whatcan couldshebedoingnow Shemay mightbewateringtheflowers Shemustbewateringtheflowers Shecan tbewateringtheflowers Sheshould oughttobewateringtheflowers 九 1 usedto V usedn tto V didn tuseto V Used S to V did S useto V 2 hadbetter best not V Had S better V 3 wouldrather not V Youhadbetternotgobyair Whathadwebetterdo Hadn twebetterleavenow Hadwebetternotleavenow Bettersayyes ifheasksyou Wouldn tyouratherworkhere Iwouldratherhavecomebackyesterdayafternoon