豪客高中情态动词用法.doc

高考英语专题 情态动词一、情态动词的基本用法1can和could( could为can的过去式)的基本用法(1)表示能力；(2)在疑问句和否定句中表示“怀疑，猜测”或“可能性”；(3)表示“许可”时can可以和may换用；(4)如果要表示委婉的语气，可用could代替can，这时could不再是can的过去式；(5)can和be able to都可表示能力。但是can只有现在式和过去式，而be able to则有更多的形式；can表示有能力 做某事，而be able to则表示通过努力，克服困难做成某事。(6) “can not but动词原形”表示“不得不，只好”。如：I can not but choose to go. 我只好去。(7) cannot(或never等否定词)与enough连用表示“再也不为过”。如：You cannot be careful enough to cross the road.过马路时你怎么小心都不为过。(8) “can not too”表示“无论怎么都不过分，越越好”2may和might( might为may的过去式)的基本用法(1)表示允许或征询对方许可，有“可以”之意。如：You may use my dictionary.在回答对方说“可以做某事”或“不可以做某事”时，一般不用may或may not，以避免语气生硬，而是用比较婉转的 说法进行回答。如：May I use this dictionary？Yes，please.或Im afraid not.在请求对方许可时，如果用Might I.就比用May I.语气更婉转些。如：Might I have a look at your new computer？但是表示“阻止”或“禁止”对方做某事时，要用must not代替may not。如：May I swim in this lake？No，you mustnt. Its too dangerous.(2)may和might都可以表示可能性，表示“或许，可能”之意， 如果用might表示可能性，则语气更加不肯定。如：They may(might)be in the library now.(3)“may well动词原形”是一种常用结构，意为“完全能，很可能”，相当于be very likely to。如：He may well be proud of his son.他大可为他的儿子感到自豪。(4)“may/might as well动词原形”意为“最好，满可以，不如”。如：You may as well do it at once.你最好马上就做这件事。(5)may可以用于祈使句中，表示祝愿。如：May we never forget each other.愿我们彼此永不相忘。3must的基本用法(1)must表示“必须，应该”之意，其否定式为must not，缩写形式为mustnt，表示“不准，不许可，禁止”之意。如：We must study hard and make progress every day./You mustnt touch the fire.(2)对以must开头的疑问句作否定回答时，要用neednt或dont (doesnt) have to，而不用mustnt， (3)在肯定句中must可以表示推测，表示“一定，必定”之意。如：Whose new bike can it be? It must be Liu Dongs.His father just bought him a new one.(4) must表示“偏要、硬要(做某事)”。如：Must you make so much noise?你非得弄出这么多噪音吗？(5) mustnt表示的是“禁止，不许可”之意。如：Must we finish the work tomorrow？No，you neednt(dont have to)，but you must finish it in three days.（6）must没有人称、数、时态的变化4have to的基本用法have to和must的意思相近，只是must侧重表示说话人的主观看法，而have to则表示客观需要。如：I must study hard./I had to give it up because of illness.5ought to的基本用法(1)表示义务，意为“应当”，语气比should强。如：Everyone ought to obey the traffic regulations.(2)表示推测，注意与must表示推测时的区别：He must be home by now.(断定他已到家)/He ought to be home by now.(不十分肯定)/This is where the oil must be.(比较直率)/This is where the oil ought to be.(比较含蓄)(3)在美国英语中ought to用于否定句和疑问句时to可以省略。如：Ought you smoke so much？/You oughtnt smoke so much.6dare的基本用法(1)dare作情态动词时，主要用于否定句、疑问句和条件句中。如：Dare he break the traffic regulations again?(2)在现代英语中dare常作实义动词，其用法与其他实义动词相同。如：She dares to stay at home alone at night.7need的基本用法(1)need作情态动词时，主要用于否定句和疑问句和条件句中。如：He neednt worry about us now.(2)need也作实义动词，用于肯定句、否定句和疑问句，其后可接名词、代词、动名词或带to的动词不定式作宾语。如：You need to practise reading aloud every day.8shall的基本用法(1)shall用于第二、第三人称时，表示说话人的意愿，可表示命令、警告、强制、威胁或允诺等。如：He shall go first，whether he wants to or not.(2)在疑问句中，shall用于第一、第三人称，表示说话人征询对方意见或请求指示。如：Shall I open the door? 当颁布法律、规定时，也要用shall。如：You shall leave the room at once，and he also shall.(I order you and him to leave the room at once.)(说话者的命令)(3)在比较正式的书面语中，如法律条文中所规定的权利或义务往往用shall来表示。9should的基本用法(1)should可以表示建议或劝告，表示“应该、理应”之意。如：You should learn from each other.(2)should可以用在条件状语从句中，表示语气较强的假设，译作“万一，竟然”，这时也可将should置于从句之首 即将should放在主语前面，而省略if。如：If anyone should come(Should anyone come)，say I am not at home.万一有人来访，就说我不在家。(3)should还可以表示谦逊、客气、委婉之意，译为“可，倒”。 如：I should say that it would be better to try it again.我倒是认为最好再试一试。10will的基本用法(1)用于各种人称，可以表示意志或决心。如：I have told him again and again to stop smoking，but he will not listen.(2)在疑问句中，用于第二人称，表示说话人向对方提出请求或询问对方的意愿。如：Will you please tell me how to get to the Capital Gynmasium?(3)will可以表示一种习惯性的动作，有“总是”或“总要”之意。如：Every morning he will have a walk along this river.（4）表示过去反复发生的动作或某种倾向11would的基本用法(1)would作为will的过去式时，可用于各种人称，表示过去的意志或决心。如：He promised he would never smoke again.(2)在疑问句中，用于第二人称，表示说话人向对方提出请求或询问对方的意愿，语气比will委婉。如：Would you like some more coffee?(3)在日常生活中，用“I would like to.”表示“我想要”或“我愿意”之意，以使语气委婉。如：I would like to do Exercise 2 first.(4)would可以表示过去的习惯性动作，比used to正式，但没有“现已无此习惯”的含义。如：Last year our English teacher would sometimes tell us stories in English after class.(5)表猜测。如：It would be about ten when he left home./What would she be doing there？/I thought he would have told you about it.12used to，had better，would rather的基本用法(1)used to表示过去的习惯性动作或状态，现在已不存在。在间接引语中，其形式可以不变。如：He told us he used to play football when he was young. 在疑问句、否定句、否定疑问句中，可有两种形式。 疑问句：Did you use to/Used you to go to the same school as your brother？ 否定句：I usednt to/didnt use to go there.否定疑问句：Usent you to/Didnt you use to be interested in the theatre？ 在其反意疑问句或简略回答中，也有两种形式。 如：She used to be very fat，didnt/use(d)nt she？/Used you to get up early in the morning？Yes，I did/used to.(2)had better意为“最好”，后接不带to的不定式。如：We had better go now.Yes，we had(wed better/we had better) /Hadnt we better stop now？(Had we better not stop now？)/I think Id better be going.(进行时态，表示“最好立即”)/You had better have done that.(用于完成时态，表示未完成的动作) had better对同辈或晚辈使用，对长辈不可用。(3) would rather意为“宁愿”，后接不带to的不定式。如：Id rather not say anything./Would you rather work on a farm？/Wouldnt you rather stay here？No，I would not.Id rather go there.would rather表选择，其后可接than。如：I would rather work on a farm than in a factory./I would rather watch TV than go to see a film.二、情态动词+have done情态动词完成式用法例句must have doneThe lights were out. They must have been asleep.can/could have done表示对过去发生的行为的怀疑和不肯定，通常用在否定句和疑问句中。I saw Mr.Wang just now. He couldnt have gone to Beijing.Can he have gone to his uncles？could have done可用于肯定句中，表示对过去没有实现的事情的遗憾或责备，意为“本来可以，本能够”。You could have done better, but you were too careless.may/might (not) have done表示对过去已发生行为的推测，用于肯定句中，表示“也许已经”；在否定句中表示“可能不”，不用于疑问句中。用might则表示语气更加不肯定。Its too late. I think he may have gone to bed. He may not have finished the work. She might have caught a cold.should/ought (not)to have done肯定句中，表示“本该做某事而实际上未做”；用于否定句中，则表示“不该做的事反而做了”。You should have come to the meeting earlier.He ought not to have treated his parents like that.need/neednt have done肯定式表示“本来有必要做某事”；否定式表示“做了本来不必去做的事”。You neednt have taken a taxi, for it was very near.had better have done用于事后的建议，含轻微责备的口吻，意为“当时最好做了某事”，其否定式had better not have done表达相反的含义。Youd better not have scolded her.would rather have done表“当时宁愿做了某事”表示“后悔”之意。I would rather have taken her advice.专项练习（一）1.I_you,becauseIthoughtImustbewrong. A.darenotask B.darenottoask C.darenotasking D.daretonotask 2.There_someflowersinthegarden.A.wereusedtobe B.usedtobe C.usestobe D.usedtobehaving 3.“_Itakeitout?”“Imsorry,you_.”A.Couldcouldnt B.Mightmightnot C.Couldcan D.Maycant 4.Youwerestupidtoclimbthetree.You_hurtyourself. A.may B.might C.will D.mighthave 5.You_thoseletters.Whydidntyou? A.shouldpost B.shouldhaveposted C.musthaveposted D.oughttopost. 6.Allthelightsareon,theSmiths_up. A.mustget B.isgetting C.mustbegetting D.wouldget 7.He_leadahorsetothewaterbuthe_notmakeitdrink. A.willcan B.maycan C.maydares D.darecan 8.“Needwedothisjobnow?”“Yes,_.” A.youneed B.youshould C.youmust D.youcan 9._tohavelunchwithustoday? A.Doyoulikes B.Wouldyoulike C.Willyouliked D.Haveyouliked 10.Hesaidthatyou_watchTValltheeveningifyouwished. A.may B.must C.can D.might 11.IsJohncomingbytrain?-Heshould,buthe_not.Helikesdrivinghiscar. A.must B.can C.need D.may12.Peter_comewithustonight,butheisntverysureyet. A.must B.can C.may D.will 13.Michael_beapoliceman,forhesmuchtooshort. A.needntB.cant C.shouldnt D.wont14.Ithoughtyou_behungry,soIhavebroughtyousomecakes. A.may B.might C.can D.could 15.Iwonderhowhe_thattotheteacher. A.daretosay B.daresaying C.notdaresay D.daredsay 16.Comeon!We_hurrybecausethereisntmuchtimeleft. A.may B.must C.can D.need 17.AmydidbestintheEnglishtest.She_hardlastweek. A.musthaveworking B.shouldhaveworked C.shouldwork D.mustwork 18.Thefirespreadthroughthehotelveryquicklybuteveryone_getout. A.hadto B.would C.could D.wasableto 19.-IstayedatahotelwhileinNewYork.-Oh,didyou?You_withBarbara.A.couldhavestayed B.couldstay C.wouldstay D.musthavestayed 20.Itsnearlysevenoclock.Jack_behereatanymoment. A.must B.need C.should D.can答案：1.A2.B3.D4.D5.B6.C7.B8.C9.B10.D11.D12.C13.B14.B15.D16.B17.A18.D19.A20.专项练习（二）1. Jean _ have kept his promise. I wonder why he changed his idea.A. must B. should C. need D. would 2. Jane _have come to the party, but she _ not find the exact time.A. could; couldB. might; couldC. should; couldD. should; would3. So many mistakes in your homework! You_more careful.A. may be B. had toC. would beD. should have been4Her brother _ be at home now, because he was seen playing basketball in the stadium just now. A. mustntB. needntC. cantD. shouldnt 5-I cant understand why our boss is late. -He_ the early bus.A. could missB. may have missed C. can have missedD. might miss6. She didnt answer the phone, she _ asleep.A. may beB. must beC. should have beenD. must have been7The little girls eyes were red. She _.A. may cryB. must cryC. must be criedD. must have been crying8He_ his supper now, for the dining hall is still closed.A. cant be having B. neednt be having C. mustnt be having D. shouldnt be having9I parked my bike behind the building, but now it is gone. It _ . A. may be stolen B. must be stolen C. must have been stolen D. must have stolen10. _ Mr. Black_go to work by ferry before the bridge was built?A. Did; used to B. Use; toC. Did; use toD. Does; use to11. The hotel is only a stones throw away, you _ take a bus.A. need not to B. not need to C. dont need D. need not12. I am busy now, _ my brother do it for you ?A. WillB. ShallC. MustD. May13. -You neednt do it right now, need you?-Yes I am afraid I _ .A. needB. needntC. mustD. mustnt 14.My English-Chinese dictionary has disappeared . Who _ have taken it? A. should B. must C. could D. would15. -The room is so dirty._ we clean it?-Of course. A Will B. Shall C. Would D. Do16. If you have something important to do, you _ waste any time.A. needntB. mustntC. may notD. wont17. If you want to borrow a football after school, your student card_ here.A. has to leaveB. must leaveC. has to be leftD. must be left18. “ Did you scold him for his carelessness?” “Yes, but _ it”A. Id rather not do B. Id rather not have done C. I shouldnt do D. Id better not do19. “ Dont get near to it . It is too dangerous!” “_” .A. Yes, I wontB. No, I dont C. No, I cantD. No, I wont 20. He must be in the classroom, _ he? A. mustntB. cantC. isnt D.can21. He_ be in the garden. He must be in the room.A. cantB. mustntC. will notD. may not22. “Do you have to leave now?” “I am very sorry, but I really_.”A. cantB. haveC. should D. must23. “Lets go to the library, shall we?” “_?”A. No, I cantB. Yes, I willC. Yes , thank you D. No, wed better not24. “Can I take it away?” “ You _ better not.”A. shouldB. couldC. would D. had25. You _ have brought your camera. They all had theirs with them.A. couldntB. needntC. wouldntD. mustnt 26. See who is there!_it be May?A. MayB. MustC. CanD. Will27. John_ be a basketball player. He is much too short.A. mayB. mustntC. cantD. should 28. The Chinese teacher looks so pale. She _ be ill. A. mustB. mustntC. canD. need29. Something_to save our earth. Do you think so?A. can doB. must doC. has to doD. must be done30. Look at what you have done! You _ be more careful. A. ought B. can C. wouldD. should专项练习（二）1B 2A 3D 4C 5B 6D 7D 8A 9C 10C 11D 12B 13C 14C 15B 16B 17C 18B 19D 20C 21A 22D 23D 24D 25B 26C 27C 28A 29D 30D专项练习（三）1. Has Li Lin started? He said he would join in the party. He _. He is a man of keeping his word.A. could have left B. must have left C. cant come D. wont be coming2. May I park my car here? No, you _. No car is allowed to park here.A. may not B. neednt C. mustnt D. darent3. Excuse me, could you tell me where the Yajia Supermarket is? Its two blocks straight ahead. You _ miss it.A. mustnt B. cant C. neednt D. shouldnt4. I saw Mr. Sun at Tongyu Station this morning. You _. Hes still on holiday in Hawaii.A. couldnt have B. mustnt have C. shouldnt D. neednt5. How about paying a visit to Dr. Wang, our former Chinese teacher? Good idea. I will e-mail him today so that he _ know _ to expect us.A. shall; why B. could; when C. would; what D. will; how6. Everything has two sides. Beautiful songs, sometimes, _ be just noise to others. A. must B. may C. should D. could7. Someone _ my umbrella. I found it wet yesterday.A. must be using B. must have used C. must use D. must have been using8. How dangerous it was! Yes, but for the passer-bys quick action, the girl _.A. was drowned B. could have been drowned C. had drowned D. should be drowned9. You _ scold such a pupil who always keeps silent so seriously that you _ hurt him.A. should; can B. may; will C. mustnt; may D. cant; must10. Why does Alice know so much about Angkor Wat? She _ have been there, or .A. must B. oughtnt to C. may D. cant11. You may laugh, but Ive been thinking of becoming a vegetarian. Oh, you _ be crazy. You will be hungry all the time.A. must B. may C. will D. need 12. Whats the matter with you? Oh, Im not feeling well in the stomach. I _ so much fried fish just now.A. shouldnt eat B. mustnt have eaten C. shouldnt have eaten D. mustnt eat13. _ he have been chosen as captain of the football team? Yes, he _.A. Can; must have B. Must; must have C. Can; must D. Must; must14. Mr. Zhang _ in Shanghai tomorrow morning.A. can have arrived B. will have arrived C. may have arrived D. must have arrived15. Miss Wang started at 8 oclock, and she _ be there now.A. should B. can C. cant D. need 16. It must be Mr. Li who did it. No, it _ be Mr. Li.A. mustnt B. wouldnt C. cant D. may 17. You _ finish reading the book as soon as possible.A. may B. can C. need D. should18. Need you go to work now? Yes, I _.A. must B. need C. can D. dare19. Your trousers are dirty. _ them for you?A. Shall I wash B. Will I wash C. Am I going to wash D. Am I washing20. You are late for school today. You _ to school earlier.A. ought to come B. should have come C. ought have come D. should come21. We must learn from Lei Feng, _ we?A. may B. cant C. dont D. neednt22. She must be hungry, _ she?A. isnt B. neednt C. doesnt D wont 23. He ought to come here early, _ he?A. would B. should C. didnt D. shouldnt24. You used to smoke, _ you?A. used to B. dont C. didnt D. shouldnt 25. You ought _ for what you havent done.A. not to be punished B. not be punished C. to not punished D. to not be punished26. _ you please tell me the way to the post office?A. Must B. Need C. Would D. Should27. Im sure he _ have the computer sooner or later.A. shall B. can C. must D. would 28. It is important that we _ learn how to drive.A. have to B. should C. need D. shall专项练习（四）1. I didnt see her in the meeting room this morning. She _ at the meeting.A. mustnt have spoken B. shouldnt have spokenC. neednt have spoken D. couldnt have spoken2. One ought _ for what one hasnt done.A. not to be punished B. to not be punishedC. to not punished D. not be punished3. If you really want yourself to be in good health, you must _ always _ so much.A. not; be smoking B. not; have smokedC. not; to smoke D. be not; smoking4. With so much work on hand, you _ to see the game last night.A. mustnt go B. shouldnt go C. couldnt have gone D. shouldnt have gone5. Most of the students felt rather disappointed at the English party. They say that it _ better organized.A. had been B. had to be C. must have been D. could have been6. Im surprised that he _ in the exam.A. should fail B. would have failed C. may have failed D. should have failed7. The little girl _ there alone.A. not dare go B. dares not go C. dare not go D. dare not to go8. “Must we do it now?” “No, you _.”A. wont B. neednt C. cant D. dont9. He said he would rather not _ it right now.A. doing B. to do C. do D. to be doing10. You _ to the meeting this afternoon if you have something important to do.A. neednt to come B. dont need come C. dont need coming D. neednt come11. Put on more clothes. You _ be feeling cold with only a shirt on.A. can B. could C. would D. must12. I _ play football than baseball.A. would rather B. had better C. like better D. prefer13. I thought you _ like something to read, so I have brought you some books.A. may B. might C. could D. must14. There was plenty of times. She _.A. mustnt have hurried B. couldnt have hurried C. must not hurry D. neednt have hurried15. The plant is dead. I _ it more water.A. will give B. would have given C. must give D. should have given16. You _ return the book now. You can keep it till next week if you like.A. cant B. mustnt C. neednt D. may not17. Its still early, you _.A. mustnt hurry B. wouldnt hurry C. may not hurry D. dont have to hurry18. Please open the window, _?A. cant you B. arent you C. do you D. will you19. We _ for her because she never came.A. mustnt have waited B. shouldnt have waited C. mustnt wait D. neednt wait20. May I stop here? No, you _.A. mustnt B. might not C. neednt D. wont21. Its a fine day. Lets go fishing, _.A. wont we