初中英语语法-主谓一致和倒装句.ppt

主谓一致及倒装句 Bob Bob aworker is Mike MikeandBob workers are BothMikeandBob workers are NeitherMikenorBob ateacher is Bill Allofthem workers are Fillintheblankswith be Let sthinkanddo Canyoufindouttherulebetweensubjectsandverbs 英语句子中的主语与谓语动词应在人称和数上保持一致 三原则 主谓一致 一 语法一致 例如 HeoftenhelpsmelearnEnglish MyfriendsoftenhelpmelearnEnglish 主谓一致的原则是指主语和谓语从语法形式上取得一致 1 不定式 动名词 以及从句作主语时应看作单数 谓语动词用单数 具体情况具体对待 Tobe ornottobe thatisaquestion Toseeistobelieve ReadingaloudishelpfultolearnEnglish Whathesaidhasbeenrecorded 2 不定代词作主语或是修饰主语时应看作单数 谓语动词用单数 Neitherofmysisterslikessports Everyboyandgirlshowsgreatinterestinthisbook 3 专有名词作主语时应看作单数 谓语动词用单数 OneThousandAndOneNightstellspeoplelotsofinterestingstories 4 akindof thenumberof等与名词构成名词短语作主语时应看作单数 谓语动词用单数 Thenumberofworkersinthefactoryis400 Akindofroseinthegardensmellsverypleasant 5 由some several both few many anumberof等词修饰主语 或是由它们自身作主语时应看作复数 谓语动词用复数 另外 由and连接两个主语时 谓语一般用复数 Ontheseashore somepeopleareplayingvolleyball Bothofusarefondofwatchingfootballgames Anumberofwill begraduatesarevoluntarilygoingtoworkintheWestofChina 6 有些表示数量的百分数 分数等后面加名词或代词作主语时 要根据这个名词或代词来决定其谓语动词的单复数形式 如 alotof mostof anyof halfof threefifthsof eightypercentof someof noneof therestof allof等Alotofmoneyintheshopwasstolenyesterday AlotofstudentsarefromEnglandintheschool 二 意义一致这一原则是指 从意义着眼来解决主谓一致问题 有时主语形式上为单数 但意义上却是复数 那么谓语依意义也用复数形式 而有时主语形式上为复数 但意义上却是单数 那么谓语依意义亦用单数形式 1 当主语后面接由but except besides aswellas asmuchas including morethan nolessthan ratherthan togetherwith等引导的词组时 其谓语动词的单复数形式通常由前面的词来决定 Theteacher withallhisstudents isgoingtohaveapicnicthisweekend Thestudents togetherwiththeirteacher aregoingtohaveapicnicthisweekend 我们完全可以将上面句子中的那些词组都分别搬到句首或是放到句末去 因为它们在句子里是状语 Thestudentsaregoingtohaveapicnicthisweekendtogetherwiththeirteacher 2 表示时间 金钱 距离 体积 重量 面积 数字等词语作主语时 谓语动词常用单数形式 如 Eighthoursofsleepisenough Twentyyearsstandsforalongperiodinone slife 3 形容词前加定冠词即 the 形容词 作主语时 其意义若是指个人或是抽象概念应看作单数 谓语动词用单数 指一类人则应该看作是复数 那么谓语动词也应该用复数 如 Thesickhereareverywellcaredfor Thetrueistobedistinguishedfromthefalse 4 由and连接的两个单数名词作主语时 谓语动词一般根据语法一致的原则用复数 但如果在意义上指同一个人 同一件事或同一个概念时 谓语动词要用单数形式 如 Thewriterandteacheriscoming Thewriterandtheteacherarecoming 5 集体名词作主语时 谓语动词的数取决于主语的意义 这类集体名词常见的有 army class club crowd family government group people police public team等 如 Thefamilyareallfondoffootball Thefamilyisthetiniestcellofthesociety 6 一些形式为复数 意思为单数的名词 如 trousers pants shorts glasses 等作主语时 谓语动词用复数 如 Herglassesarenew 但当这类名词前有apairof修饰时 谓语动词应用单数 如 ThispairoftrousersismadeinHangzhou 三 就近原则这一原则是指 谓语动词的人称和数常常与最近作主语的词语保持一致 常出现在这类句子中的连词有 or either or neither nor notonly butalso 等 例如 EitherIortheyareresponsiblefortheresultofthematter Neitherhisfamilynorheknowsanythingaboutit 1 Theold takengoodcareofinthiscountry A amB isC areD was 2 NobodybutSamandJohn intheroom A areB hadbeenC wereD is 3 Myfamily havingsupperwhensuddenlythebellrang A isB wasC areD were 4 Swimminginthepoolwithfriends veryinteresting A hasB haveC isD are 5 Anumberofchildren fortheteachertocomenow A iswaitingB arewaitingC waitsD waited C D D C B Exercise 6 Twohours notlongenoughforthistest A hasB isC areD have 7 Twothirdsofwater fromtheYellowRiver A areB comeC wereD comes 8 NeitherhenorI fromCanada WearefromAustraila A isB amC areD be 9 NotonlyTombutalsoAliceandMary busy A hasB haveC isD are 10 Thenews exciting Wegotexcitedatit A isB areC wasD were B D B D C 11 BothLiLeiandHanMeimei fondoftheTVprogramABiteofChina A isB amC wasD are 12 David there adictionaryandsomebooksonyourdesk Pleaseputthemaway OK mum I lldoitrightaway A isB areC hasD have 13 Robertwithhistwokids tothebeachforvacationeveryyear A goB goesC wentD aregoing 14 EitherMaryorhe goingtoParis Onlyonepersonmaygothere A areB isC wasD were D A B B Let stry Goodmorning MynameShuailihao Ithreeyearsoldnow There3peopleinmyfamily Myfathertall Mymother have longblackhair Bothofthemteachers AndIamagoodchild Ioften get upearly Myhobbieslisteningtochildren ssong watchingcartoons eatingcakesandsoon I like eatingcakesbest Thisme Anactiveboy Doyouloveme Thankyouverymuch Bye is am are is has are get are like is 倒装句 1 倒装是指为了强调某种成分而进行的主语和谓语的倒装 2 倒装分为全部倒装和部分倒装 3 全部倒装是指把所有的谓语动词放到主语之前 4 部分倒装是指把部分的谓语动词提到主语之前 be动词 情态动词 助动词 have has 全部倒装 1 here there now then等放在句首时 eg Herecomesthebus Therewentthebell Thencamethechairman 2 表示运动方向的副词 up down in out away 放在句首时 eg Outrushedtheboy Awaywenttheyoungman Downjumpedthecat 3 表示方位的介词或介词短语放在句首时 eg Onthetopofthemountainstandsaschool Intheforestliesalake Intheriverlivedaspecialtypeoffish 注 当句子主语是人称代词时不倒装 eg Awayhewent Outherushed 部分倒装 1 little few no not hardly seldom never等否定或半否定的词放在句首 eg Iwillneverforgettheexperience NeverwillIforgettheexperience 2 only放在句首时 eg Irealizedthetruthonlythen OnlythendidIrealizethetruth Irecognizedhimonlywhenmyfriendtoldme OnlywhenmyfriendtoldmedidIrecognizehim 3 so neither nor放在句首表示相同的情况时 so表示 也是 neither nor表示 也不 eg TomhaseverbeentotheGreatWall SohaveI 我也是 Idon tknowtheanswer Neither Nordoeshe 他也不知道 注 若表示对所说内容表示肯定的情况时 则不需要倒装 Hewillbelateagain Sohewill Heisreallyhard working Soheis Sheneversmilesinpublic Neitherdoeshe 若表示相同的情况超过一项时用 Itisthesamewith eg Heworkedhardandwonmanyprizes ItisthesamewithLinda Iamverytiredandwanttogohomenow It sthesamewithmyfriends 4 否定词放句首 但无否定意义的词放在句首 如 notonly butalso 不仅 而且notuntil 直到 才hardly when 一 就 nosooner than 一 就 eg Notonlydidheknowthetruthbutalsohetoldeveryonewhatheknew Notuntilitwas10pmdidhismothergotobed 注 only notuntil等倒装应倒装主句 eg Onlywhenhewentoutdidhefindthesecretofnature Notuntilhecamebackdidhismothergotobed 补充 1 as放在句首表 尽管 时 Childasheis heknowsalot Hardasshetried shenevergotgoodgrades 2 so that such that 放在句首时 eg Soangrywashethathehadafightwiththeman Suchasuccesswasthedisplaythatthecompanymadealotofmoneyfromit Thankyou