高考英语阅读理解冲刺满分训练20(含解析).doc

2014高考英语阅读理解冲刺满分训练（20）阅读理解-A A caring mother is the single most important factor in Preventing teenagers from abusing(滥用)drugs and alcohol，researchers said on Friday. An international study showed that teenagers living with both parents are less likely to suffer from alcohol and drug problems，and a strong maternal bond is the most effective way to fight against them. “These findings suggest that living with both parents may prevent drug use.”said Dr.McArdle，of Newcastle University in northern England,who led the study.“They also suggest that attachment(感情眷念)，particularly to mothers，is a more effective factor and that this is truly across cultures and substances.”The report,which is published in the journal Addiction,involved nearly 4,000 teenagers in England, Ireland, Italy，Germany and the Netherlands.They were questioned about their use of several kinds of drugs and alcohol.The teenagers also filled in questionnaires about their relationship with their parents and grandparents,how well they were supervised(监护)after school and whether they were allowed to meet friends at home. “Both the quality of family relationships and the structure of families have significant influences on youth drug use,”McArdle said in a statement.But he added a strong maternal bond offered the greatest protection against developing drug habits.The rate of drug abuse among teenagers living with both parents and who had a good relationship with their mother was 16.6 percent.If either factor was missing ,the drug abuse rate rose to 32 percentMore than 42 percent of teenagers living in one parent families who did not have a strong bond with their mother used drugs Drug prevention campaigns in British schools and on television warn teenagers about the danger of drugs and alcohol but McArdle said no one is dealing with the problem of their parents responsibility.1.The phrase“maternal bond”refers to_A.the education of mothers B.the supervision of mothers on children C. whether the mother uses drugsD.the guidance of schools on mothers 答案解析：答案为B。本题为词义推断题，考生需结合上下文才能解答此题。从第一段最后一句话 “and a strong maternal bond is the most effective way to fight against them.”和第二段Dr.McArdle讲的第二句话 “They also suggest that attachment(感情眷念)，particularly to mothers，is a more effective factor and that this is truly across cultures and substances.”可以推断出来，“maternal bond” 指的是 “母亲对孩子的管束”。2.According to McArdle,which is most likely to have the drug abuse problem?A.16-year-old Tom from a happy big family B.17-year-old Kate supervised by her single motherC.18-year-old Juliet living with her single fatherD.19-year-old Mark cared by his parents.答案解析：答案为C。本题为细节推理题。注意题干所问的是 “在McArdle看来，哪种情况的青少年最有可能吸毒？” 从第二段Dr.McArdle讲的第一句话 “These findings suggest that living with both parents may prevent drug use.”可知A、D选项不可选；从Dr.McArdle讲的第二句话 “They also suggest that attachment(感情眷念)，particularly to mothers，is a more effective factor and that this is truly across cultures and substances.” 可知B选项不可选；只有C选项 “和单身父亲一起生活的Juliet” 最有可能吸毒。故答案为C。3Which of the following is NOT mentioned in the passage?A.Teenagers with both parents wont have the drug use problem.B.Teenagers from several countries filled in the questionnaire.C.Teenagers were asked about their relationship with parentsD.Teenagers in British schools are warned against drugs abuse.答案解析：答案为A。本题为细节题。从第二段 “involved nearly 4,000 teenagers in England, Ireland, Italy，Germany and the Netherlands.”可知B选项被提到了；从第二段最后一句话 “The teenagers also filled in questionnaires about their relationship with their parents and grandparents,”可知C选项被提到了；从最后一段 “Drug prevention campaigns in British schools and on television warn teenagers about the danger of drugs and alcohol”可知D 选项也被提到了。故答案为A。4.The last paragraph suggests that_.A.schools should answer for the drug problem B.television and media are to blameC.parents and the society are responsible for the drug problem D.mothers are the cause of youth drug use答案解析：答案为C。本题为细节推理题。从最后一段 “but McArdle said no one is dealing with the problem of their parents responsibility.”可知，答案为C。Antarctica has actually become a kind of space station a unique observation post for detecting important changes in the worlds environment. Remote from major sources of pollution and the complex geological and ecological systems that prevail elsewhere, Antarctica makes possible scientific measurements that are often sharper and easier to interpret than those made in other parts of the world.Growing numbers of scientists therefore see Antarctica as a distant-early-warning sensor, where potentially dangerous global trends may be spotted before they show up to the north. One promising field of investigation is glaciology. Scholars from the United States, Switzerland, and France are pursuing seven separate but related projects that reflect their concern for the health of the West Antarctic Ice Sheet a concern they believe the world at large should share.The Transantarctic Mountain, some of them more than 14,000 feet high, divide the continent into two very different regions. The part of the continent to the “east” of the mountains is a high plateau covered by an ice sheet nearly two miles thick. “West” of the mountain, the half of the continent south of the Americas is also covered by an ice sheet, but there the ice rests on rock that is mostly well below sea level. If the West Antarctic Ice Sheet disappeared, the western part of the continent would be reduced to a sparse cluster of island.While ice and snow are obviously central to many environmental experiments, others focus on the mysterious “dry valley” of Antarctica, valleys that contain little ice or snow even in the depths of winter. Slashed through the mountains of southern Victoria Land, these valleys once held enormous glaciers that descended 9,000 feet from the polar plateau to the Ross Sea. Now the glaciers are gone, perhaps a casualty of the global warming trend during the 10,000 years since the ice age. Even the snow that falls in the dry valleys is blasted out by vicious winds that roars down from the polar plateau to the sea. Left bare are spectacular gorges, rippled fields of sand dunes, clusters of boulders sculptured into fantastic shapes by 100-mile-an-hour winds, and an aura of extraterrestrial desolation.Despite the unearthly aspect of the dry valleys, some scientists believe they may carry a message of hope of the verdant parts of the earth. Some scientists believe that in some cases the dry valleys may soak up pollutants faster than pollutants enter them.1.What is the best title for this passage?A Antarctica and environmental Problems.Antarctica: Earths Early-Warning station.C Antarctica: a Unique Observation Post.D Antarctica: a Mysterious Place.2.What would the result be if the West Antarctic Ice Sheet disappeared?A The western part of the continent would be disappeared.The western part of the continent would be reduced.C The western part of the continent would become scattered Islands.D The western part of the continent would be reduced to a cluster of Islands.3.Why are the Dry Valleys left bare?A Vicious wind blasts the snow away.It rarely snows.C Because of the global warming trend and fierce wind.D Sand dunes.4.Which of the following is true?A The “Dry Valleys” have nothing left inside.The “Dry Valleys” never held glaciers.C The “Dry Valleys” may carry a message of hope for the verdant.D The “Dry Valleys” are useless to scientists.Vocabulary1.distant-early-warning sensor 远距离早期报警传感器2.plateau 高原，高地3.slash 挥砍4.blast 一阵疾风/狂风5.vicious 邪恶的，凶魔般的6.gorge 峡谷7.ripple 起伏，使起微波8.sand dune 沙丘9.verdant 绿色10.extraterrestrial 地球之外的11.aura 气氛难句译注1.Growing numbers of scientists therefore see Antarctica as a distant-early waning sensor, where potentially dangerous global trends may be spotted before they show up to the north.【结构简析】see as 把看作。Where定从修饰Antarctic。【参考译文】因此，越来越多的科学家把南极洲视为一个远距离早期报警敏感器，在那里地球许多潜在的危险动向早在它们出现于北方以前就能发现。2.The part of the continent to the “east” of the mountain东指的使印度正南的这一部分。或山移动的那部分洲。3.an aura of extraterrestrial desolation应译为：与地球格格不入的一种荒凉隔绝的气氛。或与世隔绝的一种荒凉气氛。写作方法与文章大意这是一篇有关南极洲科研考察的重要性的科普文章。采用因果，点面结合写法。首先提出：由于南极洲远离污染，又不同于其它任何地方，普遍存在着复杂的地质和生态环境，所以这块地方就可能得到更敏锐又易解释的科学测量结果。它成了监察世界环境变化的观察哨和空间站，后面几段就写了进行考察的方面和结果。答案详解1.A 南极洲和环境问题。B. 南极洲：地球最早的报警战。C.南极洲：独一无二的观察哨。D. 南极洲：神秘的地方。三项都是总内容众的组成部分。2.D 大陆西部成为一群岛屿。第三段“横断南极的山脉，有的高达一万四千多英尺，把这大陆分成情况各异的两个地区。山脉以东的大陆部分是由差不多两英里厚的冰层覆盖的高原；山脉以西，即美洲以南的半个大陆也为冰层所覆盖。可是，这里冰层覆盖在大大低于海平面的岩石。如果西南极洲冰层消失，那这大陆西部将成为稀疏的岛群。”A. 大陆西部将小时。B. 大陆西部缩小。 D. 大陆西部将成为分散的岛屿。3.C 因为地球变暖和狂风劲吹。在第四段：“这些干谷甚至在寒冬季节也很少有冰雪。它们插在南维多利亚陆地的山脉中，一度曾有从极地高原到罗斯海的深度为9000英尺的冰河。现在冰河已不存在，很可能是冰期之后一万年间地球变暖的结果。即使落入干谷的雪也被从极地高原咆哮入海的邪恶狂风吹散了。留下来的是裸露的壮观的峡谷，沙丘起伏的原野，被时速一百英里的大风雕刻成奇形怪状的大砾石，形成与世隔绝的荒凉景象。”A. 邪恶的狂风吹走了雪。B. 它很少下雪。D.沙丘。这三项只是干谷现象的一部分。4.C 他们可能为地球上绿色地区带来了希望的信息。答案是第五段第一句“尽管干谷具有神秘的一面，科学家却相信他们可能为地球上葱绿的地方带来了希望的信息。”A.干谷内什么都没有留下。B. 干谷内从没有冰河。D. 按照科学家的看法，干谷毫无用处。阅读理解-BDear Santa Claus,My name is Amy. I am 9 years old. I have a problem at school. Can you help me, Santa? Kids laugh at me because of the way I walk and run and talk. I have cerebral palsy. I just want one day where no one laughs at me or makes fun of me. love, Amy At radio station WJLT in Fort Wayne, Indiana, letters poured in for the Christmas Wish Contest. When Amys letter arrived at the radio station, manager Lee Tobin read it carefully. He thought it would be good for the people in Fort Wayne to hear about this special third grader and her unusual wish. Mr. Tobin called up the local newspaper.The next day, a picture of Amy and her letter to Santa made the front page of the News Sentinel. The story spread quickly. All across the country, newspapers and radio and television stations reported the story of the little girl in Fort Wayne, Indiana, who asked for such a simple, yet remarkable, Christmas gift - just one day without teasing. Suddenly the postman was a regular at the Hagadorn house. Envelopes of all sizes addressed to Amy arrived daily from children and adults all across the nation. They came filled with holiday greetings and words of encouragement. Some of the writers had disabilities; some had been teased as children. Each writer had a special message for Amy. Through the cards and letters from strangers, Amy glimpsed a world full of people who truly cared about each other.Many people thanked Amy for being brave enough to speak up. Others encouraged her to ignore teasing and to carry her head high. Amy did get her wish of a special day without teasing at South Wayne High School. Teachers and students talked together about how bad teasing can make others feel. That year, the Fort Wayne mayor officially proclaimed December 21st as Amy Jo Hagadorn Day throughout the city. The mayor explained that by daring to make such a simple wish, Amy taught a universal lesson. Everyone, said the mayor, wants and deserves to be treated with respect, dignity and warmth.1.Amys letter showed that_.A.her schoolmates cannot understand her disabilityB.her school isnt a good place for students like herC.she is often ignored in and out of classD.she wanted to win Christmas Wish Contest答案解析：答案为A。本题为细节推断题。从Amy的信中 “Kids laugh at me because of the way I walk and run and talk. I have cerebral palsy.”可以知道，Amy 的同学嘲笑她走路和跑步的方式，由此可以推断Amy 是残疾人。故答案为A。2.The postman was a regular at the Hagadorn house because _. A.he went to encourage Amy frequently B. he was quite curious about Amy C. he had to send letters to Amy daily D. he was moved by Amys story 答案解析：答案为C。本题为细节推断题。从正文的第三段开始两句话“Suddenly the postman was a regular at the Hagadorn house. Envelopes of all sizes addressed to Amy arrived daily from children and adults all across the nation.”可知，每天有小孩和大人的不同大小的信件寄给Amy, 因此邮递员成了Hagadorn house的常客（regular），每天给Amy 送信。故答案为C。3. We may infer from Amys story that_. A. people are easy to turn their eyes to the disabled B. the news media played an important role in helping Amy C. Amy will still be made fun of by others D. there are few disabled people in Amys country 答案解析：答案为B。本题为推理题，考生需结合全文来进行推理和判断。文章后文提到Amy 受到社会的关注，包括市长The mayor都对Amy的事件发话，这一切都是因为第一段中电台的manager Lee Tobin对此事的关注和第二段中 “a picture of Amy and her letter to Santa made the front page of the News Sentinel.报纸对此事的报道。故答案为B。A选项为一般考生的易错项，意为 “人们很容易关注残疾人”并不是文章要阐述的内容。 4. The For Wayne mayor officially proclaimed Amy to Hadadorn Day_. A. to tell how bad teasing can make others feel B. to encourage people to carry their heads high C. to explain how brave Amy was by making her wish D. to call on the public to treat everyone properly 答案解析：答案为D。本题为细节理解题。从最后一段最后一句话 “Everyone, said the mayor, wants and deserves to be treated with respect, dignity and warmth. 可知，D选项是正确的。- 9 -