资源描述
学前记录卡（第35页）学习资源：文字教材是 经常录音教材是 经常录像教材是 经常多媒体学习系统是 经常中央电大网上文本辅导及课程讨论是 经常地方电大网上辅导是 经常回顾与总结：学习内容1. 一般现在时、一般过去时、现在完成时、过去完成时、现在进行时、过去进行时、一般将来时2. 1800词3. 新词汇太多、记单词困难4. 虚拟条件句、进行时的被动语态5. 阅读还可以、听力和口语要加强学习方法1. 超过7小时；不足2. 是；是；工作原因3. 一部分4. 网上资源 课堂学习知识；网上资源5. 是；（全选）学习目标1. 听力方面：听懂日常对话2. 口语方面：用简单词汇表达3. 阅读方面：读懂简单文章4. 写作方面：按要求写简单短文学习计划1. 6小时2. 3. 4. 5. 6. 7. 学习记录卡1 (第78页)(Unit16)学习过程1. ABC2. ABC3. ABC4. ABC学习内容1. Unit16中主要学习的语法项目:一般现在时 一般过去时 现在进行时 过去进行时 Used to 过去时的被动语态 过去完成时 定语从句2. 这六个单元还没有掌握的语言点:过去完成时 定语从句3. 这六个单元最喜欢的话题：Describing family relationship印象最深的Cultural Note：The change of the family patterns阶 段 性 学 习 体 会总结:开学初期老师给我们讲了什么是开放教育，如何学习开放教育课程。我们对开放教育和开放教育课程有了基本的了解，也对开放英语课程有了比较全面的认识。特别是通过上英语课程，我们不仅仅学习了英语语法知识，也学习到了学习方法，还体会到了开放教育的“自我学习、教师辅导、网络资源、师生互动”的新的学习模式。由于自己的英语底子薄，基础差，所以还不能够完全掌握老师讲的内容。在老师的精心辅导下，我的英语知识有了很快的进步。自己感觉到有重新拾起了英语。心中有了成就感。目前的问题是：我还不能充分地网络资源。这是因为自己的电脑知识不够好，因此不能够和老师、和同学即使地进行网上交流。作业115 D A C B B610 D B D A B 1115 C D B A B1620 C B A D B 2125 C D D A B2630 B D C C A 3135 A C D C A3640 T T T F NG写作：范文一：Changes in life Over the recent years, Ive seen great changes in my life. Many aspects are to be concerned, but by simply specifying how my family are better off now than ever before suffices it all. We used to live in a cramped and gloomy room, and things were not so good as we had to strive for light and even more fresh air. Now, in this spacious and luminous room that Im talking about, Im leading a life thats more than satisfactory and getting around here and there is no longer a big problem.范文二：Changes in LifeOver the past twenty years or so, great changes have taken place in our life. Take my family for example. My parents contacted others mainly by sending them letters in the past. But now we Call long distance at home. And once my parents listened to the radio for news and other information. But now we get the news by watching TV. Another big change is in my living conditions. When they got married about twenty years ago, my parents lived in a small room crowded with fiirniture. But now we have moved into a big new three-room apartment. In short, our life has become comfortable and convenient.范文三：Changes in Life My hometown, which is in the south of Province, is a very beautiful village. It lies on the east bank of a small river, surrounded by green mountains, In the past my hometown was poor, and people led a hard life. They couldnt afford to send their children to school. But ,great changes have taken place in my hometown in the past twenty years. Many families .have not only color TV sets, but also telephones, fridges, computers, and so on. New roads, houses, schools, hospitals have been built. People in my hometown are working hard for a better life.学习记录卡2 ( 第17页 )（Unit712）学习过程1. ABC2. ABC3. ABC4. ABC学习内容1、 Unit712中主要学习的语法项目:现在完成时、动名词、真实条件句、构词法、祈使句、现在进行时被动、虚拟条件句、间接引语2、 这六个单元还没有掌握的语言点:虚拟条件句、间接引语3、 这六个单元最喜欢的话题Learning about the ancient and modern Olympic Games印象最深的Cultural NoteDIY (自己动手)阶 段 性 学 习 体 会总结:自己通过两个月的英语课程学习，明显感觉到自己在英语语法知识和英语词汇上有了很大的进步，另外还学习到了学习方法。还体会到了如何才能够成为一个合格的开放教育的学员。辅导老师精心辅导，课堂上深入浅出，让每个学员都能够学习到知识，我的英语很快的进步。这使我在学习上有了很大的信心。目前的问题是：我还不能充分地网络资源。这是因为自己的电脑知识不够好，没有真正地适应开放教育的新模式。在学习上主要还是靠辅导老师的面授，而不能够和老师、和同学即使地进行网上交流。作业215 C A C D D610 D B B C C 1115 A A B A B 1620 C A D D B2125 B A C A C2630 B C D D D3135 B D C D B3640 F, F, T ,T ,NG写作：范文一：How to Keep Healthy some people put less time to their own body in order to earn money .Perhaps they think money is more improtant than health .I consider that opinion is very foolish .Because money doesnt buy health forever .So it is improtant to keep healthy . In my opinion ,first ,we must keep balance to eat ,we school eat morw fruit and vegetable ,eat less meat and drink less coffe and so on .Second ,now ,people are busy in working or studying all day .Sports time get less and less .It causes peoples health get worse .So we should do more sports to keep healthy .At last ,people shoudnt be too exhaysted .Myst have eight hours to sleep every day . I believe if you from a goo bality in daily life ,you must have a healthy boby to work and study well .范文二：How to Keep Healthy It is absolutely necessary to take some exercise every day. Research shows that getting plenty of exercise make the heart beat faster and the lungs work harder. This strengthens the heart, reduces the chance of heart attack, and helps lower blood pressure. Thats why more and more people are becoming active in various kinds of sports and exercises. Every morning many people get up early and take much exercise. Some practice shadowboxing and swordplay while others run, jog, walk or dance to music. In the afternoon, there are also many people keen on sports. Some play basketball or volleyball or table tennis, others go in for gymnastics or track events. Through sports and exercise, people become healthier and stronger.范文三：How to Keep Healthy It is very important for us to take more fruits and vegetables because they provide vitamins and they help in the process of digestion. Secondly, we have to keep a balanced diet and maintain regular eating habits. Proper nutrition is important for good health. Avoid food with lots of sugar and fat. Eat plenty of foods high in protein. Thirdly, we Had better do morning exercise every day, do sports frequently to make our bodies strong. Besides, we have to avoid too much work pressure. Getting too tired all the time may definitely weaken our defense system, making us get sick easily. Finally, we have to get rid of those bad habits that damage our health, such as drinking and smoking.学习记录卡3 ( 第27页 )（Unit1318）学习过程1. ABC2. ABC3. ABC4. ABC学习内容1、 Unit1318中主要学习的语法项目:情态动词、动名词和动词不定式、非限定性定语从句 、将来完成时、完成时的被动语态、反意疑问句2、 这六个单元还没有掌握的语言点:完成时的被动语态、反意疑问句3、 这六个单元最喜欢的话题：Learning about continuing education after school and university印象最深的Cultural Note是：Sandwich Course阶 段 性 学 习 体 会总结:自己以前的英语基础不好，通过这几个月的英语课程学习，自己又一次巩固和强化了英语知识。明显感觉到自己在英语语法知识和英语词汇上有了很大的进步，明确了主要的知识点。按照自己的学习计划认真实施，做到课前预习，课后认真复习，完成辅导师布置的学习任务。自己在英语学习方面上有了进步，主要表现在语法、词汇和语言表达方面。自己通过一段时间的远程网络，掌握了一定的学习方法，但是也有一定的困难。主要体现在，基础差，底子薄，不能在短时间内掌握老师讲授的知识。另外一个是自己的工作忙，不能及时地完成老师不止的学习任务。作业315 A C A B A610 D A B B B 1115 A B C B B 1620 B C C C C 2125 D A D C B 2630 A C B B C 3135 D D B D C3640 F,T,NG,F,T 写作：范文一My TV University Life After making great efforts, it was my honor to be a TV university student in2009. From then, I was engaged in long distance education. During my TV university, I exerted myself to learn my all kinds of web-based courses through internet. To understand and grasp the main point of my courses, I also joined online discusses forums to communicate with teachers and classmates. Once finishing daily homework ,we all sent our homework to tutor by e-mail. When I met any doubts in my studying, I solved the difficulties and puzzles in tutorial. My TV university experience gave me too much pleasure in seeking for meaning of life ,it enriches my knowledge and opens my eye-reach.范文二：My TV University LifeI am engaged in long distance education. My web-based courses are English, Chinese, Computer, Maths, Politics, etc. I like English best. We can join online discussion forums, but its very difficult for me to understand what the speaker says. Every day we complete our homework on the computer and send our homework to the tutor, though sometimes he or she is not online. He or she will solve the difficulties and puzzles in tutorial. I love my TV University life.范文三：My TV University Life Consider about the future, I am engaged in long distance education, which have a sort of web-based courses, including Chinese, Math, International Business and English. Through join online discussion forums, I have a great progress . By send our homework to the tutor, we can know how we learned in the study. When solve the difficulties and puzzles in tutorial, I get it we closed to the aim gradually. It is my TV University life. I am glad to have the time and learnt more from it.开放英语3形成性考核册答案在开始完成考核册之前应认真阅读使用说明和记录单(1 -2页)学前记录卡 (第3页)学习过程: 学生按照实际情况进行选项.回顾与总结: (第4页) 学习内容1. 学习过多少时态? 一般现在时一般过去时现在完成时过去完成时现在进行时过去进行时一般将来时2. 你现在的词汇量: 18003. 英语I中最难学习的: 新的词汇太多 记单词最困难4. 还有那些没有掌握:虚拟条件句, 进行时的被动语态5. 你认为哪些是优势哪些有待改进自己在阅读方面还可以,但是挺立和口语需要提高学习方法1. 每周57小时 不足2. 有计划 不能坚持 工作原因3. 一部分4. 网上学习资源5. 问老师,自己查资料本学期学习目标和计划(第5页)学习目标1. 听力方面: 听懂日常会话2. 口语方面: 用简单的词汇表达3. 阅读方面: 读懂课文4. 写作方面: 按照老师的要求写短文学习记录卡1 (第78页)(Unit16)学习过程1. ABC2. ABC3. ABC4. ABC学习内容1. Unit16中主要学习的语法项目:一般现在时 一般过去时 现在进行时 过去进行时 Used to 过去时的被动语态 过去完成时 定语从句2. 这六个单元还没有掌握的语言点:过去完成时 定语从句3. 这六个单元最喜欢的话题Describing family relationship印象最深的Cultural Note The change of the family patterns阶 段 性 学 习 体 会总结:开学初期老师给我们讲了什么是开放教育，如何学习开放教育课程。我们对开放教育和开放教育课程有了基本的了解，也对开放英语课程有了比较全面的认识。特别是通过上英语课程，我们不仅仅学习了英语语法知识，也学习到了学习方法。还体会到了开放教育的“自我学习、教师辅导、网络资源、师生互动”的新的学习模式。由于自己的英语底子薄，基础差，所以还不能够完全掌握老师讲的内容。在老师的精心辅导下，我的英语知识有了很快的进步。自己感觉到又重新拾起了英语。心中有了成就感。目前的问题是：我还不能充分地网络资源。这是因为自己的电脑知识不够好，因此不能够和老师、和同学及时地进行网上交流。另外一个原因是工作较忙，有时顾不上英语学习。开放英语（3）作业1（Units 1-6）第一部分：交际用语一、1-5DACBB第二部分：英语知识运用二、6-10DBDAB 11-15CDBAB 三、完型填空16-20CBBDA 21-25BACAC第三部分：阅读理解26-30BDCCA 31-35ACDCD 36-40T T NG F F第四部分：写作（20分）（供参考）Changes in LifeSince the opening and reform policy in China, there have been many changes in my life.We are better off now, but in the past we lived a poor life. Now we have comfortable clothes to wear, healthy food to eat, big and bright room to live in. We also have greater say in many affairs, including national and international issues. We can clearly remember in the past we used to eat preserved pickles, live in cramped and gloomy rooms and we didnt have say in many affairs.We should happy and grateful for all the changes happened.学习记录卡2 ( 第15页 )（Units 712） 学习过程1. ABC2. ABC3. ABC4. ABC学习内容1、 Unit712中主要学习的语法项目:现在完成时、动名词、真实条件句、构词法、祈使句、现在进行时被动、虚拟条件句、间接引语2、 这六个单元还没有掌握的语言点:虚拟条件句、间接引语3、 这六个单元最喜欢的话题Olympic Games印象最深的Cultural Note Voluntary work阶 段 性 学 习 体 会总结:自己通过两个月的英语课程学习，明显感觉到自己在英语语法知识和英语词汇上有了很大的进步，另外还学习到了学习方法。还体会到了如何才能够成为一个合格的开放教育的学员。辅导老师精心辅导，课堂上深入浅出，让每个学员都能够学习到知识，我的英语很快得进步。这使我在学习上有了很大的信心。目前的问题是：我还不能充分地运用网络资源。这是因为自己的电脑知识不够好，没有真正地适应开放教育的新模式。在学习上主要还是靠辅导老师的面授，而不能够和老师、和同学即使地进行网上交流。开放英语（3）作业2 （17页） (Units 7-12)第一部分：交际英语一、1-5CADDD第二部分：英语知识运用二、选择填空 6-10DBBCC 11-15ABBADB 三：完型填空16-20CADDB 21-25BACAC第三部分：阅读理解26-30BCDDC 31-35ADCDB 36-40F F T T NG第四部分：写作How to Keep HealthyNowadays, more and more people begin to realize the importance of keeping healthy. Without a healthy body, we can do nothing. Good health enables you to enjoy your life. How can we keep healthy? For me, there are three main ways to keep healthy.First, it is necessary to keep a balanced diet, which is the basis of good health. It is better for us to have enough fruit and vegetables every day. Secondly, it is important to take regular exercises, such as swimming, jogging doing yoga and so on. Last but not least, it is essential to keep in a good mood. Relaxation and entertainment are ways to renew our spirits and release our stress. When we make healthy habits a part of our everyday life, we are bound to keep healthy.学习记录卡3 ( 第25页 )（Units1318） 学习过程1. ABC2. ABC3. ABC4. ABC学习内容1、 Unit1318中主要学习的语法项目:情态动词、动名词和动词不定式、非限定性定语从句 、将来完成时、完成时的被动语态、反意疑问句2、 这六个单元还没有掌握的语言点:完成时的被动语态、反意疑问句3、 这六个单元最喜欢的话题Education after school and university印象最深的Cultural Note是 Sandwich Course阶 段 性 学 习 体 会总结:自己以前的英语基础不好，通过这几个月的英语课程学习，自己又一次巩固和强化了英语知识。明显感觉到自己在英语语法知识和英语词汇上有了很大的进步，明确了主要的知识点。按照自己的学习计划认真实施，做到课前预习，课后认真复习，完成辅导师布置的学习任务。自己在英语学习方面上有了进步，主要表现在语法、词汇和语言表达方面。自己通过一段时间的远程网络，掌握了一定的学习方法，但是也有一定的困难。主要体现在，基础差，底子薄，不能在短时间内掌握老师讲授的知识。另外一个是自己的工作忙，不能及时地完成老师布置的学习任务。开放英语（3）作业3 （第27页）(Units 13-18)第一部分：交际用语 一、1-5ACABA第二部分：英语知识运用 二、选择填空6-10DABBB 11-15ABCBB 三、完形填空16-20BCCCC 21-25DADCB第三部分：阅读理解 26-30ACBBC 31-35DDBDC 36-40 FT NG FT第四部分：写作My TV University LifeNow I have been engaged in long distance education. My web-based courses include English, Chinese, Computer, Math, Politics and so on. I like English best. We can join online discussion forums, but its very difficult for me to understand what the speakers say. Every day we complete our home work on the computer and send our homework to the tutor. He or she will solve the difficulties and puzzles in tutorial. I love my TV University life which make my life colorful and meaningful.请您删除一下内容，O(_)O谢谢！2016年中央电大期末复习考试小抄大全，电大期末考试必备小抄，电大考试必过小抄Acetylcholine is a neurotransmitter released from nerve endings (terminals) in both the peripheral and the central nervous systems. It is synthesized within the nerve terminal from choline, taken up from the tissue fluid into the nerve ending by a specialized transport mechanism. The enzyme necessary for this synthesis is formed in the nerve cell body and passes down the axon to its end, carried in the axoplasmic flow, the slow movement of intracellular substance (cytoplasm). Acetylcholine is stored in the nerve terminal, sequestered in small vesicles awaiting release. When a nerve action potential reaches and invades the nerve terminal, a shower of acetylcholine vesicles is released into the junction (synapse) between the nerve terminal and the effector cell which the nerve activates. This may be another nerve cell or a muscle or gland cell. Thus electrical signals are converted to chemical signals, allowing messages to be passed between nerve cells or between nerve cells and non-nerve cells. This process is termed chemical neurotransmission and was first demonstrated, for nerves to the heart, by the German pharmacologist Loewi in 1921. Chemical transmission involving acetylcholine is known as cholinergic. Acetylcholine acts as a transmitter between motor nerves and the fibres of skeletal muscle at all neuromuscular junctions. At this type of synapse, the nerve terminal is closely apposed to the cell membrane of a muscle fibre at the so-called motor end plate. On release, acetylcholine acts almost instantly, to cause a sequence of chemical and physical events (starting with depolarization of the motor endplate) which cause contraction of the muscle fibre. This is exactly what is required for voluntary muscles in which a rapid response to a command is required. The action of acetylcholine is terminated rapidly, in around 10 milliseconds; an enzyme (cholinesterase) breaks the transmitter down into choline and an acetate ion. The choline is then available for re-uptake into the nerve terminal. These same principles apply to cholinergic transmission at sites other than neuromuscular junctions, although the structure of the synapses differs. In the autonomic nervous system these include nerve-to-nerve synapses at the relay stations (ganglia) in both the sympathetic and the parasympathetic divisions, and the endings of parasympathetic nerve fibres on non-voluntary (smooth) muscle, the heart, and glandular cells; in response to activation of this nerve supply, smooth muscle contracts (notably in the gut), the frequency of heart beat is slowed, and glands secrete. Acetylcholine is also an important transmitter at many sites in the brain at nerve-to-nerve synapses. To understand how acetylcholine brings about a variety of effects in different cells it is necessary to understand membrane receptors. In post-synaptic membranes (those of the cells on which the nerve fibres terminate) there are many different sorts of receptors and some are receptors for acetylcholine. These are protein molecules that react specifically with acetylcholine in a reversible fashion. It is the complex of receptor combined with acetylcholine which brings about a biophysical reaction, resulting in the response from the receptive cell. Two major types of acetylcholine receptors exist in the membranes of cells. The type in skeletal muscle is known as nicotinic; in glands, smooth muscle, and the heart they are muscarinic; and there are some of each type in the brain. These terms are used because nicotine mimics the action of acetylcholine at nicotinic receptors, whereas muscarine, an alkaloid from the mushroom Amanita muscaria, mimics the action of acetylcholine at the muscarinic receptors. Acetylcholine is the neurotransmitter produced by neurons referred to as cholinergic neurons. In the peripheral nervous system acetylcholine plays a role in skeletal muscle movement, as well as in the regulation of smooth muscle and cardiac muscle. In the central nervous system acetylcholine is believed to be involved in learning, memory, and mood. Acetylcholine is synthesized from choline and acetyl coenzyme A through the action of the enzyme choline acetyltransferase and becomes packaged into membrane-boundvesicles. After the arrival of a nerve signal at the termination of an axon, the vesicles fuse with the cell membrane, causing the release of acetylcholine into thesynaptic cleft. For the nerve signal to continue, acetylcholine must diffuse to another nearby neuron or muscle cell, where it will bind and activate areceptorprotein. There are two main types of cholinergic receptors, nicotinic and muscarinic. Nicotinic receptors are located at synapses between two neurons and at synapses between neurons and skeletal muscle cells. Upon activation a nicotinic receptor acts as a channel for the movement of ions into and out of the neuron, directly resulting indepolarizationof the neuron. Muscarinic receptors, located at the synapses of nerves with smooth or cardiac muscle, trigger a chain of chemical events referred to as signal transduction. For a cholinergic neuron to receive another impulse, acetylcholine must be released from the receptor to which it has bound. This will only happen if the concentration of acetylcholine in the synaptic cleft is very low. Low synaptic concentrations of acetylcholine can be maintained via a hydrolysis reaction catalyzed by the enzyme acetylcholinesterase. This enzyme hydrolyzes acetylcholine into acetic acid and choline. If acetylcholinesterase activity is inhibited, the synaptic concentration of acetylcholine will remain higher than normal. If this inhibition is irreversible, as in the case of exposure to many nerve gases and some pesticides, sweating, bronchial constriction, convulsions, paralysis, and possibly death can occur. Although irreversible inhibition is dangerous, beneficial effects may be derived from transient (reversible) inhibition. Drugs that inhibit acetylcholinesterase in a reversible manner have been shown to improve memory in some people with Alzheimers disease. abstract expressionism, movement of abstract painting that emerged in New York City during the mid-1940s and attained singular prominence in American art in the following decade; also called action painting and the New York school. It was the first important school in American painting to declare its independence from European styles and to influence the development of art abroad. Arshile Gorky first gave impetus to the movement. His paintings, derived at first from the art of Picasso, Mir, and surrealism, became more personally expressive. Jackson Pollocks turbulent yet elegant abstract paintings, which were c
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