《宾语从句详解》PPT课件.ppt

Grammar Nounclausesastheobjectandpredicative名词性从句宾语表语 Unit3 英语句子的种类 简单句 simplesentence 并列句 compoundsentence 复合句 complexsentence 英语句子概论 简单句的五种基本句型 Theweatherisverycold 主语 谓语 连系动词 表语Helaughed 主语 谓语 vi IlikeChinesefood 主语 谓语 vt 宾语Shetaughtthemphysics 主语 谓语 vt 间接宾语 直接宾语Wemustkeeptheroomwarm 主语 谓语 vt 宾语 宾语补足语 1 You dbetterstartearly oryouwillbelate 2 Jimstudiedhardallthetime andhepassedtheexamscuccessfully 3 Iknowwherehelives butIdon tknowtheexactaddress 4 Ihaveneverheardofthebook soIknownothingaboutit 并列句 简单句 and or but so 简单句 复合句 主句 从句 名词性从句定语从句状语从句 1 TheboywhoisstandingoverthereisTom 2 Becauseitisraining wehavetostayathome 定语从句 状语从句 3 Iknow that heisfromAmerica 宾语从句 名词性从句 Wangcaiisadogthat whichcanguardhouse I llneverforgetthedaywhentheearthquakehappened 定语从句 用关系词引导的修饰名词或代词的从句叫定语从句 先行词 关系词 1 Shewonderedifthebuseswouldstillberunning 2 Thetruthisthatthefogistoothickforthebustorunthatfar 宾语从句 表语从句 在功能上相当于名词 在复合句中能担任主语 宾语 表语 同位语等 名词性从句 ObjectClauses宾语从句 什么是宾语 Iknowhim Doyouhavethetime Whydon tyoupayattentiontome Ienjoyworkingwithyou 宾语位于谓语动词或者介词后 Iknowhim 2 Iknowwhoheis 主语 谓语 宾语 简单句 主语 谓语 宾语从句 连接词 从句主语 从句谓语 主句 复合句 句子做宾语就是宾语从句 跟在及物动词或介词后 句子结构 主句 连接词 引导词 宾语从句 宾语从句三要素 引导词 连接词 语序时态 句子类型 that 陈述句 一般疑问句 If whether 是否 特殊疑问词 特殊疑问句 一 连接词 引导词 1 当宾语从句是陈述句时 包括肯定句和否定句 连词由that引导 因为that在从句中不作任何成分 也没有任何具体意思 因此在口语或非正式文体中常省略 LinTaofeels that hisownteamisevenbetter Shesays that shewon ttakepartinthesportsmeetingnextSunday 宾语从句中的连接词that在以下三种情况下不能省略 1 当that从句与另一名词性从句并列作宾语时 第二个that不能省 2 当that作介词宾语时 that不可省掉 3 用it做形式宾语的宾语从句Everyoneknewwhathappenedandthatshewasworried Thereasonliesinthatsheworksharderthantheothersdo IthinkitnecessarythatyoushouldreadEnglishaloud 2 当宾语从句是一般疑问句时 由连词whether或if引导 是否 不能省略 Lilywantedtoknowif whetherhergrandmalikedthehandbag Let sseeif whetherwecanfindoutsomeinformationaboutthatcity a 当有ornot时就用whether 不用if Idon tknowwhetherornotIwillstay b 介词后面的宾语从句不能用if IworryaboutwhetherIhurtherfeeling 注意whether和if的使用区别 Practicetime if whether1 Iaskedher shehadabike 2 We reworriedabout heissafe 3 Idon tknow heiswellornot 4 Idon tknow ornotheiswell if whether whether whether whether 3 当宾语从句是特殊疑问句时 由疑问词 what who whom which whose when where how why等 引导 因为疑问词在从句中担任一定的句子成分 具有一定的意义 所以不可以省略 Doyouknowwhathesaidjustnow Idon trememberwhen wherewearrived Iaskedhimwhere how whyIcouldgetsomuchmoney Pleasetellmewho whom whatwehavetosee 二 时态1 如果主句是现在的时态 从句的时态可根据实际情况而定 包括一般现在时 一般过去时 一般将来时 现在完成时等 Iknowheliveshere live Iknowhelivedheretenyearsago live Ihaveheardthathewillcometomorrow come 2 如果主句是过去的时态 那么从句的时态一定要用相对应的过去的某种时态 包括一般过去时 过去进行时 过去将来时 过去完成时 Iknewwholivedhere live Isawshewastalkingwithhermother talkwith Hewaswonderingwhetherhisfatherwouldcomebacktomorrow comeback Hesaidthathehadseenit see 3 当从句是客观真理 定义 公理 定理时用一般现在时 Theteachersaidthattheearthtravelsaroundthesun travel Theteachertoldmeshe be bornin1960 Iheardthatshe go toParislastnight 4 从句中有具体时间状语 即使从句动作发生在主句动作前 仍用一般过去时 went was 1 Mikeinsistedthatwe be lateforschool 2 Thedoctororderedthatshe stay inbedforafewdays should notbe should stay 注意 在下列动词接that从句中用 should 动原 一个 坚持 insist 坚持要 两个 命令 command order 命令 三个 建议 suggest propose advise 四个 要求 request ask demand require 三 语序宾语从句的语序用陈述语序 主句 连接词 主语 谓语 其他成分 I mwonderingwhatshewantstoeat 1 Whenwillhegotothelibrary Hisbrotheraskswhenhewillgotothelibrary Hisbrotheraskswhenwillhegotothelibrary 2 Whatdoeshewanttobuy Idon tknowwhatdoeshewanttobuy Idon tknowwhathewantstobuy What swrong What sthematter What shappening Whathappened 注 当从句的原句为以下句子以及what who作主语时 语序不变 Idon tknowwhat sthematter Thedoctoraskedwhatwaswrong withher Canyoutellmewhoisoverthere Canyoutellmewhoheis 做主语 做表语 否定的转移 若主句谓语动词为think consider suppose believe expect guess imagine等 其后的宾语从句若含有否定意义 一般要把否定词转移到主句谓语上 从句谓语用肯定式 Idon tthinkthisdressfitsyouwell Idon tthinkyouareright 我认为这件衣服不适合你穿 我认为你是错的 Idon tbelieveyoucanfinishtheworktoday 我认为你今天无法完成工作 1 Wewonderhowweshalldonext 2 Couldyoutellmewherearetheyhavingapicnic 3 IamsorrythatIdon tknowyouwanttotakepartinthecompetition what didn t theyare Exercise correctornot 4 Ididn tknowthatyouwillcome 5 Hesaidthatheiswritingastory 6 Couldyoutellmewhenwillhearrive 7 YoucanbegintoseewhydoesEnglishhavesuchstrangerules would was hewill Englishhas Exercise multical choice1 Idon tknow wecanliveontheislandwithoutfood A whereBwhatChowDthat2 Couldyoutellme Awhereisthepark Bwho sonduty Cwhosebookisthis Dwhataretheydoing 3Theteachertoldusthattheearth aroundthesun AmovedBmovesCmoveDmoving4 Ididn tknowthatMr Smith yet hasreturnedBhasreturnedChadreturnedDreturned5 Wedon tknow theydidit Wedon tknow theydid A howB whoC whatD which B B C C A C PredicativeClauses表语从句 一 表语从句定义 Thequestioniswhowilldoit 表语从句放在连系动词之后 充当复合句中的表语 表语从句 LinkingVerbs 连系动词 除动词be以外 还有一些后面可接表语的特殊连系动词 如 look smell taste sound feel fall come go 变成 become grow 渐渐地变化 turn 变成 一般用于颜色 appear seem get keep remain stay等 二 表语从句构成 Hissuggestionisthatweshouldstaycalm Thatiswhyshewaslate 引导词 引导词 主系 连接词 主语 谓语 其他成分 三 引导表语从句的关联词 1 从属连词as asif though引导的表语从句 Helookedjustashehadlookedtenyearsbefore Itsoundsasifsomeoneisknockingatthedoor 2 because why引导的表语从句 例句 1 That sbecausehedidn tunderstandme 2 That swhyhegotangrywithme 那是因为他不理解我 那正是他对我生气的原因 强调原因 强调结果 3 连接代词who whom whose whoever what whatever which whichever 连接副词where when how 1 Theproblemiswhowecangettoreplaceher 2 Thequestionishowhedidit 3 Thatiswherehewasborn 问题是我们能找到谁去替换她呢 问题是他如何做此事的 那就是他出生的地方 4 从属连词that whether 1 ThetroubleisthatIhavelostheraddress 2 Myquestioniswhetherheleft ornot 麻烦是我把她的地址弄丢了 我的问题是他是否离开了 that在表语从句中不充当任何句子成分 也没有任何意义 四 使用虚拟语气的表语从句 在表示建议 劝告 命令含义的名词后的表语从句 谓语动词需用 should 动词原形 表示 should可省略 常见的词有 advice suggestion order proposal plan等 Mysuggestionisthatwe should startearlytomorrow 注意 A表语从句一定要用陈述语序 Thequestioniswhencanhearriveatthehotel Thequestioniswhenhecanarriveatthehotel B不可以用if 而用whether连接表语从句 asif例外 Itlookedasifhehadunderstoodthisquestion Thequestionisiftheenemyismarchingtowardsus Thequestioniswhethertheenemyismarchingtowardsus C不像宾语从句 在有表语从句的复合句中 主句时态和从句时态可以不一致 Thequestioniswhyhecriedyesterday ThequestioniswhowilltravelwithmetoBeijingtomorrow Dthat在表语从句中不可以省略 LaoYang ssuggestionisthatwe should turnthelandintoricefield What stroublingmeisIdon thavemuchexperienceinthiskindofwork 注意 在表语从句中 表 是否 时 只能用 whether 不能用 If 一般情况下 that 不能省 Itis wasbecause 这是因为 Itis waswhy 这就是为什么 4 Thereasonisthat 原因是 5 Thereason why for is wasthat 6 Thereasonisbecause why that Thereasonwhyhewaslatewasthathegotuplate forhisbeinglate That s thePartycalledonustodo That s thePartycalledonustodoit A whyB whatC howD that2 Thereasonis heisunabletooperatethemachine A becauseB whyC thatD Whether3 Thatis theyseparated A thatB whatC whichD where4 Janeisnolonger shewasfouryearsago A whatB whichC thatD when 的样子 B A 5 It sknowntousall aformofenergy A waterisB thatwaterisC iswaterD thatwaterto6 Itworriedherabit herhairwasturninggray A whetherB thatC whatD when7 WhatIsayandthink noneofyourbusiness A isB areC hasDhave