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浅析并列句并列句是指两个或两个以上意义相关、层次相同、句法功能相同,并由并列连词或其他并列手段连接起来的主谓结构。并列句的结构是:“简单句+并列连词+简单句”,去掉连词后都可以独立成句。由此可以看出,并列句必须有两个或两个以上的主谓结构。如果两个并列的主语,只有一个谓语动词;或者一个主语有两个或两个以上的谓语动词;或者两个并列的主语,两个并列的谓语,这样的句子仍然都是简单句。试比较:1. Liming and Mary stood up and went out. 李明和玛丽站起来走了出去。(简单句)2. She stood up and went out. 她站起来走了出去。(简单句)3. Tom and his parents stood up and went out. 汤姆和他的父母亲站起来走了出去。(简单句)4. Tom stood up and then he went out. 汤姆站起来,然后他走了出去。(并列句)并列句是根据连接句子的词分类的。这些词不仅简单地连接这些句子,更重要的是在被连接的句子之间建立某种关系。因而并列句里两个句子的关系更为明确,而不像两个单独的句子关系松散,没有明确标明。并列句可以分为联合关系(同等关系)、假设和条件关系、选择关系、转折关系、因果关系和对比关系等。一、表示联合关系(同等关系)的并列句同等关系并列句分两种,一种是以and, not only but also, neither nor 等为代表的表示语义引申或补充的并列连词连接起来的并列句。另一种是以besides , moreover, furthermore, in addition, whats more 等为代表的表示语义引申或递进关系的副词连接词连接起来的并列句。这些同等关系的词连接的句子在语法地位上是平等一致的。例句:After supper, Lifang came in and she looked worried.晚饭后李芳进来了,她看起来很着急。They went to work in the field and I had to take care of my younger sister at home.他们去地里干活去了,我不得不在家里照顾我妹妹。I dont know how to do it, besides nobody has taught me.我不知道如何去做,另外,也没人告诉我如何做。二、表示假设和(条件)关系的并列句虽然有些并列句是用and连接的,但其分句在意思上表示的却是条件或假设关系,就可把它译成条件或假设关系。这种句子第一分句一般为祈使句,通常出现在以下两种情况中:1.“祈使句+or+另一个句子(陈述句)”结构,其意义相当于由if引导的含有否定意义的条件状语从句。该句型表示如果做不到祈使句表示的事情,就会有后面句子表示的结果。例如: Put on more clothes, or youll catch cold. (=If you dont you put on more clothes, you will catch cold).如果你不多穿点衣服,你会感冒的。Hurry up, or youll be late.快点,否则你要迟到啦。2. “祈使句+and+另一个句子(陈述句)”结构,其意义则相当于由if引导的含有肯定意义的条件状语从句。该句型表示如果做到了祈使句表示的事情,就会有后面句子表示的结果。 例句:Work hard and youll pass the exam. (=If you work hard, you will pass the Exam.) 如果你努力学习, 就会通过考试。Keep your face to the sunshine and you cannot see your shadow.你要是面对阳光,那就看不到自己的影子。三、表示选择关系的并列句选择关系的并列句常见的连词有 or“否则”,eitheror“不是就是”,“要么要么”,还有表示选择关系的副词连接词如:otherwise“否则”,or else“要不然”等。例句:Remember not to mention a word about our plan to anybody, otherwise Ill kill you. 记着不要跟任何人提起我们的计划,否则我杀了你。Either you or I am right. 不是你对就是我对。The children may go with us, or they may stay at home.孩子们或是跟我们走,或是留在家里。四、表示转折和对比关系的并列句转折和对比关系的并列句因为不同的引导词也分两种。一种是由but, notbut, while, whereas, yet, and yet, but yet 等并列连词连接。另一种是由however, nevertheless, still(还有短语on the contrary, on the other hand)等副词连接词连接。1表示转折例句:It was raining hard. However, we went out to look for the boy. 雨下得很大,不过我们还是出去寻找那个孩子Fire can be very useful, but it can also be very harmful. 尽管火非常有用,但它也很有害。2表示对比例句:Some people like fatty meat, whereas others hate it. 有些人喜欢肥肉,而有些人却不喜欢。He is strong while his brother is weak. 他长得很结实,而他弟弟却很瘦弱。五、表示因果关系的并列句具有因果关系的并列句,有两种情况:一种是后一分句用for引导,而for本身具有表示原因的作用;另一种是在后分句前使用副词连接词therefore,thus或并列连接词so 连接,表示结果。例句: The fuel must have been finished,for the engine stopped.燃料准是用完了,因为发动机熄火了。Its raining hard, so we cant go out for a walk.雨下得很大,所以我们不能出去散步。使用并列句须注意的几种情况:1)并列句有时可不用连词,而用句号、逗号或分号隔开(前后句之间的关系必须相当紧密)。如:He went away, nobody knew why.他走了,没有人知道他为什么走的。Open your books at page 45,Don t begin to read yet.请打开书,翻到45页。先不要开始念。2)并列连词后的简单句如果与其前的简单句有相同的部分,则相同的部分常可省略,如:My father works in a factory and my mother in a school.我父亲在工厂工作,我母亲在学校工作。Some of us learn English, others Japanese.我们中的一些人学英语,另一些人学日语。并列句作为一种重要的句式结构,只有掌握了它所承载的各种句子关系,才能分清结构,更好地理解篇章,做出综合判断。2013年高考真题英语单项选择分类汇编注:全国卷I、全国卷II、北京、上海、天津、江苏、湖北、安徽、湖南、福建、陕西、山东、重庆、四川、江西、浙江、辽宁 (共17份;广东卷无单项选择)固定短语(2013安徽卷)31. If parents have children help with housework, the children will feel needed. ,they will learn to take care of themselves.A. On the contrary B. In a word C. That is to say D. Whats more(2013浙江卷)14. It will be a big help if you go to the store and get what we need for dinner. _, I will set the table.A. As a result B. On the whole C. In the meanwhile D. As a matter of fact并列句(连词)(2013全国卷II)3. I was glad to meet Jenny again, I didnt want to spend all day with her.A. but B. and C. so D. or(2013北京卷)22. Dont turn off the puter before closing all programs, _ you could have problems.A. orB. and C. butD. so(2013重庆卷)23. Its not easy to change habits, _ with awareness and self-control, it is possible.A. for B. or C. but D. so(2013四川卷)4. Read this story, _ you will realize that not everything can be bought with money.A. or B. and C. but D. so
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