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Understanding each other一、阅读理解。Flaubert had it that “one way of tolerating existence is to lose oneself in literature as in an unending party”It turns out that reading doesnt only help us to tolerate existence，but actually lengthens it.A recent study by Yale University researchers，published online in the journal Social Science & Medicine，concluded that “book readers experienced a 20 percent reduction in the risk of death over the 12 years of followup pared to nonreaders”The data was obtained from the study sponsored by the National Institute on Aging.The study looked at 3,635 subjects，all older than 50，whom the researchers divided into three groups：those who didnt read books，those who read up to 3.5 hours a week and those who read more than 3.5 hours a week.The findings were remarkable：on average，book readers survived almost two years longer than those who didnt crack open a book.The more the subjects read，the longer they lived，but as little as 30 minutes a day was still beneficial in terms of survival.Accounting for factors such as education level，ine and health status，the study found that those who read more than 3.5 hours weekly were 23 percent less likely to die during that 12year period.Those who read up to 3.5 hoursan average of a half hour a daywere 17 percent less likely.“In other words，just like a healthy diet and exercise，books appear to promote a significant survival advantage，” the authors concluded.Why or how thats_the_case remains unclear；the research showed only an association between book reading and longevity，not a causal relationship.But the findings are not so surprising.Other recent research showed that reading novels appears to increase both brain connectivity and sympathy.1Why does the author mention Flauberts words in the first paragraph?ATo stress the value of reading.BTo pare reading with a party.CTo introduce the study on reading.DTo support the findings of the study.2From the text，what can we learn about the study?ANo similar study on reading has been carried out.BThe process of the study lasted more than ten years.CIt shows readers live two years longer than nonreaders.DIt shows time spent on reading increases ones love for it.3What do the underlined words“thats the case”probably mean?AReading books enables people to live longer.BReading is similar to a healthy diet and exercise.CReading books is closely associated with longevity.DReading increases brain connectivity and sympathy.4Where can we most probably read this text?As：/.theguardian./lifeandstyle/family.Bs：/.barnesandnoble./b/books/ingsoon.Cs：/.washingtonpost./news/toyourhealth.D：/.thebookbag.co.uk/Book_Remendations.【解题导语】研究发现，阅读和长寿有一定的联系，阅读者的平均寿命比不读书的人长将近两岁。【难句分析】The study looked at 3 , 635 subjects，all older than 50，whom the researchers divided into three groups：those who didnt read books，those who read up to 3.5 hours a week and those who read more than 3.5 hours a week.分析：该句为主从复合句。句中whom the researchers divided into three groups为whom引导的非限制性定语从句；who didnt read books以及who read up to 3.5 hours a week和who read more than 3.5 hours a week都为who引导的定语从句，修饰先行词those。译文：这项研究调查了3 635名年龄超过50岁的实验对象，研究人员将他们分为三组：从来不读书的人，每周阅读3.5小时的人，每周阅读超过3.5小时的人。1C考查推理判断。文章第一段引用福楼拜的名言说明读书的作用，接着第二段介绍了耶鲁大学关于读书与死亡风险之间关系的研究。据此可以判断，引用福楼拜的名言旨在介绍对阅读的作用的研究，故C项正确。2B考查细节理解。根据第二段最后一句中的“book readers experienced a 20 percent reduction in the risk of death over the 12 years of followup pared to nonreaders”可知，在12年的跟踪调查中发现，与不读书的人相比，阅读者的死亡风险降低了20%。据此可知，该项调查持续了十多年，故B项正确。A项文中没有提及；C项错在two years longer than nonreaders，与第四段的第一句“The findings were remarkable：on average，book readers survived almost two years longer than those who didnt crack open a book”中的almost表述不符；D项文中没有提及。3A考查词义猜测。根据上文中的“books appear to promote a significant survival advantage”及上文所述的研究结论“读书可以延长寿命”和该句“Why or how thats_the_case remains unclear；the research showed only an association between book reading and longevity，not a causal relationship”可知，阅读为什么以及以什么方式延长读者寿命，人们仍然不清楚。据此可知，画线词指代研究表明的“读书可以延长寿命”，故A项正确。4C考查文章出处。通读全文可知，本文主要说明了阅读和长寿有一定的联系，阅读者的平均寿命比不读书的人长将近两岁，阅读能增强大脑的功能。据此可以判断，本文属于健康话题，因此最可能摘自健康网站，故C项正确。根据A项s：/.theguardian./lifeandstyle/family可知，该网站介绍家庭生活方式；根据B项s：/.barnesandnoble. /b/books/ingsoon可知，该网站介绍即将出版的新书；根据D项：/.thebookbag.co.uk/Book_Remendations可知，该网站主要推荐书籍。二、单项选择。1.Im afraid I cant go to the cinema with you. Ive got a bad headache.Oh, I am sorry. _ take a couple of aspirins and lie down for a bit? Youll be all right in half an hour.A. Why wont you B. Why didnt you C. Why dont you D. Why you not【答案】C【解析】Why dont you 表示建议。句意： “我恐怕不能和你一起去看电影啦！我头疼得很厉害。 ” “呵，对不起啊！那你为什么不服用两片阿司匹林躺会儿呢？半小时后你就会好的。 ”2.If you have let yourself go, you should consider _ something about it for the sake of your health.And I consider the advice of mine _ you.A. to do, to benefit B. to have done, benefitingC. doing, to benefit D. doing, benefiting【答案】C【解析】第一个 consider 作“考虑”解，后面应该跟动名词做宾语。第二个 consider 作“认为”解，后面应该跟不定式做宾语补足语。句意：你以前要是对自己不管不顾，你现在就应该为了自己的健康而考虑一下做些什么了。我认为我的这条建议对你是有益处的。3.Hes _ is known as a “bellyacher” . Hes always plaining about some thing.A. who B. whom C. what D. which【答案】C【解析】what is known as 意思是“大家所熟悉的，所谓的” 。what is known as a “bellyacher”在句中作表语，用于说明 he 的身份、职业等。句意：他是那种大家所熟悉的牢骚满腹的人总是怨这怨那。4._ here yesterday, he could have seen Jackie Chen.A. If Bob has e B. If Bob came C. Had Bob e D. If Bob should e【答案】C【解析】句意：要是鲍勃昨天在这儿，他可能会看到成龙。根据时间状语 yesterday 可知是对过去事实的假设，故用过去完成式，用 If Bob had e.，省略为 Had Bob e。5.Why didnt Tom give you one of his stamps?I didnt want one, he would have given me one if I _.A. did B. Would C. will D. had【答案】D【解析】根据 would have given 可推测本句表示对过去的虚拟， 所以 if 从句中应使用过去完成时(had done)， if I had 是 if I had wanted one 的省略形式。6.If Susan _ for ten more minutes at the party last night, she might have met Johnny Depp, the famous Hollywood star.A. stayed B. would stay C. had stayed D. would have stayed【答案】C【解析】句意：如果昨天晚上 Susan 在聚会上多停留十分钟，她可能就遇见了好莱坞著名的明星，Johnny Depp。此处是 if 引导的非真实条件句，与过去事实相反，所以条件句用过去完成时态。7.Grace doesnt want to move to New York because she thinks if she _ there, she wouldnt be able to see her parents very often.A. lives B. would live C. has lived D. were to live【答案】D【解析】由 doesnt want to move to New York 可知 Grace 还没有去纽约，所以句子应该是对将来的虚拟。对将来的虚拟 if 条件状语从句谓语动词的时态有三种形式：were to do /should do/did(were)，由此可知答案为 D 选项 were to live。句意：格瑞斯不想移居到纽约，因为她认为如果住到那儿的话，她就不能够经常看到她的父母了。8.Sorry, I am too busy now. If I _ time, I would certainly go for an outing with you.A. have had B. had had C. have D. had【答案】D【解析】根据上下文可知，这是对现在情况的虚拟，if 从句用过去式，主句用 would+原形。句意：对不起，我现在太忙了。要是有时间的话，我肯定会和你一起去郊游的。9.Were it not for the debt, we _ a happy life.A. are living B. would live C. were living D. will live【答案】B【解析】省略 if 连接词的条件状语从句，因此助动词 were 提前放在句首。根据 were 可以判断这个句子是对现在情况进行假设的虚拟句，因此主句用“would+动词原形” 。故选 B。句意：要不是负债的话，我们(现在)会过着幸福生活的。10.If you _ the failed experiences, you would not have made such a mistake in your homework.A. refer to B. have referred to C. referred to D. had referred to【答案】D【解析】表示假设的虚拟语气，用在对过去事实相反的假定上，从句用过去完成时 had+过去分词，主句用would/should/might/could+have+过去分词。refer to 是一个固定结构，意思为查阅、参考。该句意思为：如果你参考一下这些失败经验教训的话，你就不会在你的作业中犯下如此的错误。11.After arriving in New York, the Chinese college student found it rather hard to _ living on his own.A. rely on B. bring up C. depend on D. adjust to【答案】D【解析】句意：到达纽约后这个中国大学生发现他独自一个人生活很难适应。adjust to 适应；rely on 依靠；抚养，抚育；depend on 依靠，以而定。12.The project manager as well as his team members hasnt been _ to us so far, which undoubtedly puts us at a disadvantage.A. popular B. consistent C. similar D. familiar【答案】D【解析】familiar 熟悉的；popular 流行的，受欢迎的；consistent 一致的；similar 类似的，相似的。句意：到目前为止那个项目经理和他团队的成员都不为我们所了解，这毫无疑问让我们处于劣势。13.Japan is facing an aging population, with the population _ from the current 127 million to 90 million.A. expecting to shrink B. expected to shrinkC. expecting to have shrunk D. expected to have shrunk【答案】B【解析】“expect”与“the population”存在逻辑上的被动关系，故用过去分词；人口的缩减是将来的事，故用动词不定式。句意：日本正面临人口老龄化的问题，预计人口从目前的 1.27 亿缩减至 9 千万。14.Effective management and sincere apology will help to _ the customers negative impression on thetravel agency.A. bring about B. turn around C. account for D. set off【答案】B【解析】bring about 造成，引起，导致；turn around(使)好转；account for 说明(原因、理由等)，导致，引起；set off 出发，(使)开始，引起，点燃。句意：改变意见有效的管理和真诚的道歉有助于扭转客户对旅行社的负面印象。15.Our daughter doesnt know what to _ at the university; she cant make up her mind about her future.A. take in B. take over C. take up D. take on【答案】C【解析】句意：我们的女儿不知道在大学里该做什么，对于她的未来她还没有想好。take in 欺骗； 接受；理解； 吸收；take over 接任，接管； take up 开始从事；占据；take on 呈现，根据句意可知 C 项正确。三、完形填空。The day before Christmas I pulled into a store parking lot and counted my money again. It wasnt much. I1 being poor, not having enough to 2 my little children a few simple toys. As I was 3 I noticed the Salvation Army (救世军) bell ringer at the 4. I felt bad again because I didnt feel I could 5 anything to give him. I started walking towards the entrance 6 two cars entered empty parking spaces in front of me. The first was a 7, new Cadillac which became the 8 of me the moment I saw it. “How 9”I thought, “would it be to have enough money to buy a car like that! ” The second car, 10, was an ancient car shabbier than the one I was driving. A man got out of the Cadillac and hurried into the store11 past the bell ringer without a second 12. Out of the old car came a young mother with three little children following 13 behind her. Her clothes looked as 14 as her car, yet she stopped at the entrance and 15 a bill. In that second a(n)16 touched me, my envy and dislike 17 me, and all the love and joy filled me. I fished a bill out of my own purse, 18 it in the Salvation Army kettle, and wished the 19 a “Merry Christmas! ”Now I felt I was a poor man but rich on the20. After finding a few things for my kids, I drove home with my heart singing. 【文章大意】本文是一篇记叙文, 讲述了作者在去商店购物的时候看到的一幕对作者震撼很大, 这让作者领悟到贫穷并不可怕, 内心富有才更重要。1. A. regrettedB. permittedC. escapedD. hated【解析】选D。我讨厌贫穷。hate 讨厌, 痛恨。2. A. makeB. buyC. awardD. lend【解析】选B。没有足够的钱给我的孩子们买一些简单的玩具。buy 买。3. A. pulling outB. settling inC. getting outD. cutting in【解析】选C。这里指的是我从商店停车场出来。pull out 拉出; settle in 定居; get out 出来; cut in 插话, 插入。4. A. parking spaceB. entranceC. parking lotD. counter【解析】选B。这里指的是从商店的停车场出来去往商店的入口。at the entrance 在入口。5. A. spareB. splitC. spendD. save【解析】选A。我不能抽出任何东西给他。spare 分让。6. A. whenB. sinceC. thoughD. if【解析】选A。我开始朝商店的入口走, 这时有两辆车停在了我前面的空车位。这里表示同时发生。though尽管; since 因为; when 一就; if 如果。故选A。7. A. sharpB. dullC. pureD. shiny【解析】选D。由后文的凯迪拉克可知, 这里应该是耀眼的。sharp 尖锐的; dull迟钝的; pure纯洁的; shiny闪亮的。8. A. targetB. itemC. envyD. bargain【解析】选C。根据上下文, 我第一眼看到很是羡慕。target 目标; item 物品, 东西; envy 羡慕, 忌妒; bargain讨价还价。9. A. niceB. preciousC. rareD. expensive【解析】选A。如果有钱买一辆这样的车该多好(nice)。nice 好的; precious 珍贵的; rare稀有的; expensive昂贵的。10. A. thereforeB. howeverC. anyhowD. besides【解析】选B。本句话跟上一句是转折关系, 然而(however)第二辆车比我开的还要破旧, 古老。therefore 因此; however然而; anyhow 不管怎样; besides除此之外。11. A. merelyB. seldomC. hopefullyD. right【解析】选D。一个从凯迪拉克出来的人正好匆忙地从敲钟人身边走过。 merely 仅仅; seldom 很少; hopefully 希望地; right正好。12. A. smileB. nodC. glanceD. wave【解析】选C。这里指的是: 都没有瞥一眼, 表示没有看一下敲钟人。13. A. firmlyB. closelyC. casuallyD. bravely【解析】选B。从破旧的车上下来的年轻妇女带着三个孩子, 三个孩子紧跟在她的后面。firmly坚定地; closely 紧紧地; casually 偶然地; bravely勇敢地。14. A. worn outB. cast downC. tired outD. broken down【解析】选A。她的衣服和她的车一样破旧。wear out穿破; cast down扔掉; tire out 筋疲力尽; break down抛锚, 出故障。15. A. paidB. passedC. donatedD. rejected【解析】选C。她停在了入口, 捐赠了(那个敲钟人)一些钱。pay支付; pass传递; donate捐赠; reject拒绝。16. A. equalityB. sympathyC. approvalD. warmth【解析】选D。这里的意思是: 就在那一刻, 我感觉到了温暖。equality平等; sympathy同情; approval支持; warmth温暖。17. A. leftB. visitedC. reachedD. missed【解析】选A。我没有了羡慕和讨厌, 意思是指羡慕和讨厌离开了我。 leave 离开; visit 参观; reach 到达; miss错过。18. A. tookB. handedC. droppedD. started【解析】选C。我从钱包里拿出了钱, 投在他的盒子里。take拿; hand 递给; drop投, 掷; start开始。19. A. salesmanB. bell ringerC. womanD. man driver【解析】选B。这里是指祝福敲钟人圣诞快乐。20. A. wealthB. luckC. insideD. outside【解析】选C。我现在虽然感觉贫穷, 但是内心(inside)富有。wealth财富; luck 运气; inside内心; outside外面。四、七选五。When apologizing, chances are that youve uttered the phrase, “I never meant to hurt you.” 1. In a talk, Caroline Myss, a spiritual seeker and researcher, took on the topic of forgiveness and healing. She explained why “I never meant to hurt you” is never a sufficient apology, no matter who it es from.“Picture that person ing up to you and saying, Im sorry I did this. 2. And can we just call it a day？” Caroline says. As tempting as it can be to move on and bury the hatchet(和解), that type of apology wont sit well with the person on the receiving end. “That whole little thingI never meant to hurt youis the thing you cant forgive，” she says. “That sick feeling goes right to your soul.”Instead, Caroline says its important to approach the conversation differently. Ultimately, its about offering more than an apology. 3. “Lets redo the scene，” Caroline says.“The person es up to you and says, I need to tell you something. 4. It was guilt. I heard my conscience tell me not to do this but I didnt listen. And I now know that my actions redirected the course of your life. This is not an apology. I am confessing(忏悔) my soul to you. 5. ”Even saying those words on stages makes Caroline visibly emotional, and she points out that this is how deeply within the soul apologies are supposed to resonate. And thats what heals.AHere is my apology.BBut it doesnt matter to you.CIm asking now for your forgiveness.DI consciously knew what I was doing.EBut you know I never meant to hurt you.FIts about sharing a soultosoul confession.GHowever, its not a suitable way to apologize.【解题导语】本文援引了Caroline Myss的话向读者阐明了用“我从没想过要伤害你”来道歉是不够的。1G解析：根据下文的内容尤其是“She explained why I never meant to hurt you is never a sufficient apology, no matter who it es from.”可知，此处讲的应是用“我从没想过要伤害你”这句话来道歉的不足，故G项“但是，这并不是一种合适的道歉的方法”符合语境。2E解析：根据本段内容可知，此处是Caroline Myss让大家想象一下有人用“我从没想过要伤害你”来向你道歉时的情景，故E项符合题意。3F解析：根据上文的“its about offering more than an apology”以及下文的“This is not an apology. I am confessing(忏悔) my soul to you.”可知F项与之相呼应，表示道歉应该是心灵对心灵的忏悔。下文中的“within the soul”亦是提示。故选F。4D解析：根据空后的“It was guilt. I heard my conscience tell me not to do this but I didnt listen.”可知，此处讲的应该是当时所做的错事方面的内容，故D项符合语境。5C解析：根据上文中的“As tempting as it can be to move on and bury the hatchet(和解).”可知，向别人道歉的目的是获得别人的谅解，故C项符合语境。
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