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Unit 4Body language【短文语法填空】Chengdu has been making a name for itself in Western countries in recent years，as the city has moved to 1. (strength) its cultural exchanges with the rest of the world.Chengdu Week 2. (host) in Madrid in January as a major activity of the 2017 Happy Spring Festival in Spain, 3. is an annual event held by the Chinese embassy in Spain to celebrate 4. traditional Spring Festival holiday with overseas Chinese, locals and other visitors.It was the first time that the Chinese embassy had 5. (patient) introduced a city to the traditional Lunar New Year celebration.During the festival, classic regional art forms such as paper cutting, shadow plays and face changing opera performances were 6. display at the famous Plaza Mayor in Madrid.“The performances(表演) are so 7. (amaze) that I want to buy a ticket to Chengdu right now，” said Manuela Carmena, mayor of Madrid, during the event.Mayor Carmena said that the two cities shared 8. (similar) in many aspects and she hoped two cities could have 9. (far) exchanges than before in tourism and culture.Chengdu has bee more closely tied to Spain since a direct flight between Madrid 10. Chengdu was launched on December 17.【解题导语】近年来，成都通过文化交流，大大提升了在世界上的影响力。本文介绍了2017年春节期间在西班牙举办的成都(文化)周，剪纸、皮影戏和变脸等传统艺术或表演引起了轰动。1strengthen解析：考查词性转换。句意：因为这座城市已经采取行动来加强其与世界其他地区的文化交流。空后是名词结构，所以此处用动词，和空前的to构成动词不定式结构。故填strengthen。2was hosted解析：考查动词的时态和语态。设空处在句中作谓语，和主语Chengdu Week之间是被动关系，且根据时间状语in January可知，动作发生在过去，所以用一般过去时的被动语态。故填was hosted。3which解析：考查定语从句。分析句子结构可知，设空处引导非限制性定语从句，先行词为Happy Spring Festival，指物，且在从句中作主语，故用which引导该从句。4the解析：考查冠词。此处特指传统的中国春节假期，故用定冠词the。5patiently解析：考查词性转换。设空处修饰谓语动词introduced，作状语，应用副词。故填patiently。6on解析：考查固定搭配。句意：在节日期间，经典的地方艺术形式如剪纸、皮影戏和变脸表演均在马德里著名的马约尔广场进行。on display为固定搭配，意为“展览；展出”。7amazing解析：考查词性转换。设空处在系动词are后作表语，主语为The performances(表演)，前有副词so修饰，所以用amazing，意为“惊人的；了不起的”。8similarities解析：考查词性转换及名词单复数。句意：卡梅纳市长说两个城市在很多方面有相似点，她希望两个城市能够在旅游业和文化方面有比以往更深入的交流。设空处作谓语动词shared的宾语，应用名词：similarity为可数名词，所以用复数形式。9further解析：考查形容词比较级。根据后面的标志词than可知，此处用比较级。10and解析：考查连词。between.and.为固定搭配，意为“在和之间”。represent vt.代表；象征；表现；描写；声称(1)represent.as.把描绘成represent oneself as/to be自称是represent sth.to sb.向某人说明某事，向某人传达某事(2)representation n表现，描述，描绘，表现形式make representations to.与交涉；向提出抗议(3)representative adj.代表性的n.代表，代理人be representative of(be typical of)是的代表，是中典型的(教材原句)Yesterday，another student and I，representing our universitys student association，went to the Capital International Airport to meet this years international students.昨天，我和另一个同学代表我们大学的学生会，到首都国际机场迎接今年的国际留学生。The other day，I _represented_ (represent) our university to attend a meeting.I make several friends with _representatives_ (represent) from different universities，among whom there were two _representing_ (represent) themselves to be/as experts in medicine.几天前，我代表我们学校参加了一个会议。我和几位来自于不同大学的代表成为朋友，他们中有两个人自称是医药界的专家。(2016全国卷)You might _represent_ (representative) each letter with a number.For example，lets number the letters of the alphabet，in order，from 1 to 26.你可以用数字代表每个字母，例如，让我们按顺序从1至26把字母表的字母换成数字单句语法填空(2017江苏卷)The loss of glaciers (冰川) there due to global warming _represents_ (represent) an enormous threat to agriculture.(2017全国卷)The music cant _be represented_ (represent) today the way it was in 1908 or 1958. It has to continue to move, because the way the world works is not the same.”represent作“说明，使明白”和“传达，表达”讲时，不能直接跟人作宾语，常用结构为：represent sth.to sb.或represent to sb.sth.。类似的单词还有：explain，guarantee，relate等。curious adj.富有好奇心的；有求知欲的；感兴趣的(1)(2)(教材原句)After half an hour of waiting for their flight to arrive，I saw several young people enter the waiting area looking around curiously.等待了半个小时之后，我看到几个年轻人进入了等候区好奇地四处张望。(2016北京卷)In high school，I became curious _about_ the puter，and built my first website.在高中时，我对计算机非常好奇并创建了我的第一个网页。It is good to be curious _about_ the world around you because I think _curiosity_(curious)is the best teacher.对你周围的世界感到好奇是件好事，因为我认为好奇心是最好的老师。语境填词John _was curious about_ (感到好奇) his uncle digging a hole under the bed and he asked him about it.But the answer could not _satisfy his curiosity_ (满足好奇心)Then，_out of curiosity_ (出于好奇)，John walked into his uncles room to find the answer when his uncle was away.It _was curious_ (很反常的是) that he found his uncle buried a dead bird in the hole.approach vt.&vi.接近；靠近；找商量n接近；方法；途径(1)approach sb.on/about sth.关于某事与某人商量/交涉.be approaching快到的时候approach to 接近，近似，约等于；(做某事的)方法/途径(2)at the approach of 在快到的时候make approaches to sb.与某人打交道(教材原句)Tony approached Julia，touched her shoulder and kissed her on the cheek!托尼走近朱莉娅，摸了摸她的肩，并亲了她的脸！(2016全国卷)_Approaching_ (approach) the vehicle，they saw that a woman was trying to get out of the broken window.靠近汽车时，他们看到一个妇女正尽力从一个被打破了的车窗向外爬。With winter _approaching_ (approach)，the weather bees cold.As winter _is approaching_ (approach)，the weather bees cold.The approach of winter brings the cold weather.冬天临近，天气转冷。likely adj.可能的(表示可能性很大时，可用most，very修饰likely)(1)It is likely that sb.sb.is likely to do.某人可能做某事(2)not likely(表示坚决不同意)绝不可能；绝对不会(3)unlikely adj.不大可能发生的be likely/unlikely to.很可能/不可能；有/没有希望(教材原句)However，people from places like Spain，Italy or South American countries approach others closely and are more likely to touch them.但是，来自像西班牙、意大利或南美等国家的人会站在离别人很近的地方，而且很可能(用身体)接触对方。You are likely _to suffer_ (suffer) from bad health if you keep smoking.It is likely _that_ you will suffer from bad health if you keep smoking.如果继续吸烟，你的身体健康会受到损害。单句语法填空(2017江苏卷)A great decline in young work force is _likely_ (like) to occur in China，for instance.【七选五】4 Key Strategies for Running to Lose WeightAs one of the most active exercises out there, running is an extremely efficient way to burn calories and lose weight. A 150-pound person will burn approximately 100 calories per mile when running. 1 1. Healthy Eating is the First StepIf you want to lose weight by running, keep in mind that youll only lose pounds if you burn more calories than you consume. To lose a pound, you have to burn, through exercise or life functions, about 3500 calories. 2 Runners do have special nutrition needs, but the basic principles for healthy eating still apply. Try choosing smaller portions of high-fat and high-calorie foods and eating more whole grains, fruits, and vegetables.2. Follow a training scheduleSticking to a training schedule is a simple way to stay motivated to run. 3 So its much harder to postpone or skip workouts. Following a schedule can also help you avoid a running injury by not increasing your mileage too quickly.3. Run regularlyIf you dont want to follow a schedule, you still need to have some consistency with your running because you wont lose weight by running once a week. Its best to get some activity every day. 4 If you find that your motivation to run is suffering, follow some necessary tips to get inspired.4. 5 Incorporating speed work or interval training (running at a very fast speed for short intervals of time) into your running routine can also help your weight loss efforts. Speed work burns a great amount of calories in a short period of time. Youll also increase your muscle mass, causing you to burn more calories throughout the day.A. Keep it challengingB. Eat for PerformanceC. Youll know exactly what you need to do every day and each run builds on the next.D. So youll need to bine running with a healthy diet.E. If youre hoping to use running to lose weight, heres some advice on how to be successful.F. Here are ways to improve your running motivation.G. But if thats not possible, try to shoot for at least 34 times per week.【语篇解读】跑步是很好的减肥的方法，但是怎样才是正确的跑步方法，文章给出一些建议。1.E 【解析】根据上文A 150-pound person will burn approximately 100 calories per mile when running.150磅的人跑步的时候大约燃烧100卡路里。可知这里是：如果你想通过跑步减肥，这里有些关于怎么成功的建议。故选E。2.D 【解析】根据下文Runners do have special nutrition needs, but the basic principles for healthy eating still apply.可知这里是：你需要将跑步和健康饮食结合起来。故选D。3.C 【解析】根据上文Sticking to a training schedule is a simple way to stay motivated to run.可知这里是：你将知道你每天要做什么，每次跑步给下一次奠定基础。故选C。4.G 【解析】根据上文Its best to get some activity every day.可知这里是：如果那样不可能，每周至少锻炼三四次。故选G。5.A 【解析】根据下文Incorporating speed work or interval training可知这里是：要保持有一定挑战。故选A。in general 一般地；大体地；通常；总的来说(1)general knowledge 常识as a general rule 一般而言；通常(2)generally(speaking) 总体而言；一般而言(3)on the whole 总的来说in a word 总之in short/brief 简言之as a whole 就整体来看to put it simply 简单地说(教材原句)In general，though，studying international customs can certainly help avoid difficulties in todays world of cultural crossroads!但总的来说，在当今文化交融的世界，学习不同国家的习俗肯定能够帮助我们避免交往中的困难！_As_ a general rule，he goes to bed late.一般而言，他睡觉晚。There was a _general_ (generally) impression that tomorrow meant a fresh start.普遍的感觉是明天意味着一个新的开始。(2015重庆卷)In department stores，the womens shoe section is _generally_ (general) next to the womens cosmetics(化妆品)section.at ease 舒适；快活；自由自在(1)with ease 容易地，不费劲地put/set sb.at(ones)ease 使某人感到放松/轻松自在feel/look at ease 感到/看上去心情放松take ones ease 休息，放松一下stand at ease 稍息(2)ease vt.使安心，使舒畅；减轻，缓和ease sbs mind 使某人安心(教材原句)The most universal facial expression is，of course，the smileits function is to show happiness and put people at ease.微笑当然是最普遍使用的面部表情它的作用是表示快乐和让人舒适。Dont overwork yourself and take _your_ ease.不要过度劳累，休息一会儿。When you feel nervous，youd better listen to some light music to put yourself _at_ ease.当你感到紧张时，你最好听些轻音乐使自己放松一下。lose face 丢脸；失面子make a face/faces 做鬼脸save face 保全面子face to face (with sb./sth.) 面对面地in the face of 面对(问题、困难或危险等)to ones face 当着某人的面on the face of it 从表面上看；乍看起来be faced with 面临、面对(难题)(教材原句)There are unhappy smiles，such as when someone“loses face”and smiles to hide it.还有不愉快的微笑，比如说当某人丢脸时，他们用微笑来掩盖。_Faced_ (face) with difficulties，they never give up but try their best to find a way out.面对困难时，他们从不放弃而是努力寻找出路。Please keep calm _in_ the face of great danger.面对巨大危险时请保持镇静。【短文改错】This morning，I got an email from the library.It said the book I reserved was ready to be picking up.Because I had always been waiting to read it，so at that moment I was very exciting.Outside the library，I saw the man driving around the small parking lot，try to find a parking space.He head for the disabled parking space，the only one that was free.He got off his car with a pile of library book to return.Seeing that，I offered to return them to him.He thanked me and jumped quick in his car and drove off，keeping the disabled parking space free for someone needed it.【答案】This morning，I got an email from the library.It said the book I reserved was ready to be up.Because I had always been waiting to read it， at that moment I was very .Outside the library，I saw man driving around the small parking lot， to find a parking space.He for the disabled parking space，the only one that was free.He got off his car with a pile of library to return.Seeing that，I offered to return them him.He thanked me and jumped in his car and drove off，keeping the disabled parking space free for someone needed it.第一处：pickingpicked。考查动词语态。根据语境可知，pick up和句子主语book构成动宾关系，故用被动语态。第二处：删除so。考查连词。so和because都是连词，不能同时使用，故删除so。注：删除Because保留so也是可以的。第三处：excitingexcited。考查分词形容词。excited一般修饰人，而exciting一般修饰物。第四处：thea。考查冠词。man第一次在语境中出现，故用不定冠词修饰。第五处：trytrying。考查非谓语动词。try和句子谓语saw之间没有连词，故用非谓语动词。此外，try和句子主语I构成主谓关系，故用现在分词作状语。第六处：headheaded。考查动词时态。由后面的“was free”可知，应用一般过去时。第七处：bookbooks。考查名词复数形式。根据a pile of可知，书不止一本，故用复数形式。第八处：tofor。考查介词。介词for表示“为了”，符合语境。第九处：quickquickly。考查副词。此处应用副词修饰动词jumped，在句子中作状语。第十处：someone后加who。考查定语从句。who引导定语从句，在从句中作主语。The first person _to arrive_ was Tony Garcia from Colombia，closely followed by Julia Smith from Britain.第一个到达的是从哥伦比亚来的托尼加西亚，随后紧跟着的是英国的朱莉娅史密斯。本句中to arrive是不定式作定语，修饰the first person。(1)当中心词是序数词或被序数词、形容词最高级、next，only，last等限定时，常用不定式作后置定语。Liu Yang is the first woman in China _to wander_ (wander) in space.刘洋是中国第一位在太空遨游的女士。He is always the first to bear hardships and the last _to enjoy_ (enjoy)forts.他是一个总是吃苦在前，享乐在后的人。(2)不定式作后置定语常用来修饰抽象名词，如：ability，chance，idea，fact，excuse，promise，answer，reply，attempt，belief，way，reason，moment，time等。Do you have the ability _to read_ (read) and write in English?你具备读写英语的能力吗？(3)不定式作后置定语时常表示将来的动作。I have letters _to write_ (write)我有许多封信要写。(1)若不定式是一个不及物动词，或者不定式所修饰的名词或代词是不定式动作的地点、工具等时，不定式后面要有必要的介词。(2)不定式所修饰的名词如果是time，place或way时，不定式后面的介词习惯上省去。Mr.Li bought a fortable flat to live _in_.李先生买了一套舒适的公寓住。Qingdao is a pleasant place _to go_ (go)青岛是个好去处。【阅读理解】A new study has found the amount of antibiotics (抗生素) given to farm animals is expected to increase by twothirds over the next 15 years. Researchers are linking the growing dependence on the drugs to the increasing need for meat, milk and eggs. However, the drugs could quicken the development of antibioticresistant infections (感染). Such infections are already a major public health concern in the United States.The World Health Organization(WHO) notes when people stop living in poverty(贫困), the first thing they want to do is eat better, rather than earn more money. For most people, that means their diet should contain more meat. With the rapid development of Asia, people there are eating nearly four times as much meat, milk and other milk products as they did 50 years ago.To meet the need, farmers have put many animals into smaller spaces. As the animals are crowded together, the easiest way to deal with some of the problems of crowding is to give them antibiotics. Its clear that antibiotics help animals stay healthy in crowded environments and grow faster. But bacteria can develop resistance to the drugs gradually.Nowadays, doctors find antibiotics that once worked against the infections no longer work. The bacteria have learned ways to fight against the drugs. The heavy use of antibiotics in farm animals is responsible for the growth of antibiotic resistance worldwide. Each year in the United States, at least two million people get antibioticresistant infections and at least 23,000 die from these infections.Europe has banned the use of antibiotics to increase animal growth. And the United States is hoping to persuade farmers to stop using antibiotics for that purpose.【文章大意】本文主要围绕在农场动物身上使用抗生素的负面影响展开。【难句分析】 The World Health Organization(WHO) notes when people stop living in poverty(贫困)，the first thing they want to do is eat better，rather than earn more money. 分析：本句为复合句。notes后接省略了连接词that的宾语从句；该宾语从句中含有when引导的时间状语从句when people stop living in poverty; they want to do 为省略了关系词that的定语从句，修饰the first thing; rather than连接的并列结构在宾语从句中作表语。 译文：世界卫生组织指出，当人们摆脱贫穷之后，他们想做的第一件事情就是吃得好点，而不是挣更多的钱。1. What accounts for the increasing amount of antibiotics given to farm animals? AThe desire for new drugs.BThe less effective antibiotics.CThe outdated farm technology. DThe need for more various foods.答案与解析：D考查细节理解。根据第一段中的“Researchers are linking the growing dependence on the drugs to the increasing need for meat, milk and eggs.”可知，研究人员认为用于农场动物身上的抗生素的数量增加与人们对各种不同的食物的需求增加有关，故选D项。2. What do most people want to do first when they get rid of poverty according to the WHO?AMaking a lot of money.BFocusing more on health.CHaving more meat in their diet.DLiving in a better environment.答案与解析：C考查细节理解。根据第二段中的“The World Health Organization(WHO) notes when people stop living poverty(贫困)，the first thing they want to do is eat better, rather than earn more money. For most people, that means their diet should contain more meat.”可知，C项正确。3 What can be inferred from the passage? AAntibiotics do harm to animals. BAntibiotics help animals stay healthy.CAntibiotics are used heavily in Europe. DAntibioticresistant bacteria spread to people.答案与解析：D考查推理判断。结合第四段中的“Each year in the United States, at least two million people get antibioticresistant infections and at least 23,000 die from these infections.”可推知，抗生素耐药细菌传播到了人身上，故选D。由第三段中的“Its clear that antibiotics help animals stay healthy in crowded environments and grow faster.”可知，A项表述有误，可排除；由最后一段中的“Europe has banned the use of antibiotics to increase animal growth.”可知C项表述错误，可排除；B项最具干扰性，因为B项本身是正确的，但是B项是文中的明确信息，不需要推断得出，而题干所要求的选项需要经过推理判断得来，所以B项不符合题意。诸如B项这类本身正确，但不满足题干要求的选项是考生做题时需要特别留意的。4. Whats the passage mainly about? AThe negative effect of antibiotics on farm animals.BThe advantages of using antibiotics.CThe reason for banning the use of antibiotics. DA new way of raising farm animals.答案与解析：A考查主旨大意。结合文章内容可以看出，本文主要说的是在农场动物身上使用抗生素的负面影响，故选A项。
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