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Unit 2English around the world【短文语法填空】One day in 1998，I went to visit my 90yearold grandma in a nursing home.She had lived there for 15 years.But it was being a little bit sad，partly because the place was full of people who 1. (be)at the last stage of their life.Whats 2. (bad)，it was taking her longer and longer 3. (recognize) me.She was really excited that day because they were having a dance party.I was not a big fan of dancing, 4. I was a big fan of Grandma，so I accepted her 5. (invite)During the party，an old lady 6. (sit) next to me chatted with me，saying how much she loved music and dancing.Not knowing 7. to say，I stood up and invited her for a dance.I danced with all the ladies, 8. (particular)with Grandma，which was awesome.However，I felt disfort throughout 9. party.I didnt know the reason at that moment.But now，I realize it was my fear of watching Grandma grow older，my powerlessness to do anything about it and the thought of losing 10. (she) that made me unfortable.【解题导语】本文是一篇记叙文，讲述了作者去养老院看望90岁的奶奶。在那里的一次舞会中，作者与养老院所有的老奶奶都跳了舞。1were解析：考查动词时态。分析句子结构可知，此处为who引导的定语从句，修饰先行词people；结合句意可知，从句的时态应与主句的时态保持一致。所以填were。2worse解析：考查形容词比较级。Whats worse意思是“更糟糕的是”，相当于副词短语Even worse/Worse still。所以填worse。3to recognize解析：考查非谓语动词。句型It takes(took) sb.some time (money) to do sth.意为“做某事需要花费某人一定的时间或金钱”。所以填to recognize。4but/yet解析：考查连词。根据空处前后句子结构可知空处应该填一连词；结合空前的“not a big fan of dancing”和空后的“a big fan of Grandma”可知，空处前后有转折含义。所以填but/yet。5invitation解析：考查名词。根据空前的“accepted her”可知，空处应该是名词作宾语，意思是“接受她的邀请”。所以填invitation。6sitting解析：考查非谓语动词。从句子结构可知，空处是非谓语动词作后置定语，且主语an old lady与动词sit是逻辑上的主谓关系。所以填sitting。7what解析：考查疑问代词。根据“疑问代词不定式”结构及空前的knowing可知，空处应该填疑问代词，意思为“不知道说什么”。所以填what。8particularly解析：考查副词。空后是介词短语with Grandma，介词短语只能用副词修饰。所以填particularly。9the解析：考查冠词。根据句意可知，此处的party特指上文中的“a dance party”。所以填the。10her解析：考查人称代词。根据空前的losing同时结合句意可知，空处应该填人称代词she的宾格her。base vt.以为根据n.基部；基地；基础 (1)base.on/upon.把建立于基础之上be based on/upon 以为基础；依据(2)basis n基础；基本原则on the basis of 根据；在的基础上(3)basic adj.基本的；基础的(教材原句)It was based more on German than the English we speak at present.当时的英语更多是以德语为基础，而不像我们今天所说的英语。Based (base) on a novel by Liu Zhenyun，Back to 1942 tells the true story of Henan Province.一九四二是根据刘震云的小说改编而成的，它讲述了发生在河南省的真实故事。The government provides them with not only food and shelter，but also the basic (base) skills for their living.政府不仅为他们提供食物和住处，还为他们提供基本的谋生技能。mand nC命令，指令；U掌握vt.命令；指挥，支配；博得(1)at ones mand 听某人支配under ones mandunder the mand of sb.由某人指挥have a good mand of 掌握；精通(尤指语言)(be)in mand of 掌握；控制take mand of 控制；担任的指挥(2)mand sb.to do sth.命令某人做某事mand that.(should)do.命令做I advised him to_mand (mand) his temper.我劝他控制自己的脾气。He manded the soldiers to_shut (shut) the gate.他命令士兵们把大门关上。Apart from English，he has a good mand of Russian.除英语外，他还精通俄语。request n& vt.请求；要求(1)make(a)request for.请求；要求at ones requestat the request of sb.应某人的要求(2)request sb.to do sb.请求某人做某事request that.(should)do.请求/要求做某事It is requested that.(should)do.要求(教材原句)Can you find the following mand and request from Reading?你能从阅读中找出下面的命令和要求吗？It is_requested (request) that our head teacher should give a speech at tomorrows meeting.我们班主任被要求在明天的会议上演讲。(2016江苏卷)John，whats your request for personal growth?约翰，你对个人成长的要求是什么？后跟虚拟语气的动词【七选五】Social PhobiaIts natural to feel nervous, or shy in front of others at times. Most people manage to get through these moments when they need to. 1 Its probably more than shyness. It may build up into a powerful fear. As a result, people feel unfortable participating in everyday social activities. This is called social phobia (also called social anxiety). 2 It prevents them from chatting with friends in the lunchroom, joining an after-school club, or going to a party. Sometimes, they even feel too nervous to ask a question in class or go to a teacher for help. Social phobia not only prevents people from trying new things. It also prevents them from making the normal, everyday mistakes that help people improve their skills still further.It is really sad, isnt it? But the good news is that people with social phobia can learn to manage fear, develop confidence and municating skills and stop avoiding things that make them nervous. Of course its not always easy. Dealing with social phobia takes patience, courage to face fears and the willingness to practice. 3 Therapists (治疗师) can help people create a plan for facing social fears and build the skills and confidence to overe it. And family or friends are especially important for them.4Friends and family can encourage them to pick a small goal to aim for, remind them to go for it, and be there when they might feel discouraged. Good friends and family are there to celebrate each small success along the way.Little by little, someone who decides to deal with extreme shyness can learn to be more fortable. 5 As shyness and fears begin to melt, confidence and positive feelings build. Pretty soon, the person is thinking less about what might feel unfortable and more about what might be fun.A. Friends can overe their fears.B. But for some, the anxiety can be extreme.C. They are not able to make eye contact with classmates.D. Social phobia makes people lonely or disappointed over missed opportunities.E. It also takes a mitment to go forward rather than back away when feeling shy.F. Each small step forward helps build enough confidence to take the next small step.G. The support from those key people helps them gather the courage to try something new.【文章大意】本文为说明文。讲述的是社交恐惧症的危害和解决办法。1.B 【解析】根据上文可知此处表示对于某些人来说，这种焦虑可能是极端的。，故选B。2.D 【解析】根据本段的内容可知，本段表示的是社交恐惧症的不良影响，与D项（社交恐惧症使人孤独或对错过的机会感到失望）一致，故选D。4.G 【解析】根据上文可知此处表示家人和朋友的支持在帮助克服社交恐惧症时的重要性，与G项一致，故选G。5.F 【解析】根据上下句可知此处表示每一步的成功帮助建立足够的信心进行下一步，故选F。because of 由于，因为due to 由于，因为 作表语或状语，作状语，不位于句首thanks to 多亏，由于，作表语或状语owing to 由于，因为 作表语或状语as a result of 因为的结果，作状语on account of 由于，因为，作表语by reason of 由于，因为，作状语(教材原句)Later in the next century，people from England made voyages to conquer other parts of the world and because of that，English began to be spoken in many other countries.在下一个世纪晚期，来自英国的人们长途跋涉去征服世界的其他地方，也是由于这一点，英语在许多国家得到使用。Our flight was delayed，owing (owe) to the bad weather.由于坏天气，我们的班机给耽搁了。Thanks (Thank) to your timely help，I finished my work ahead of time.多亏了你及时的帮助，我提前完成了工作。(1)because of 是复合介词，后接名词、代词，在句中作状语。(2)because 是从属连词，引导一个原因状语从句。(3)due to 由于(引导表语或状语，作状语时不可位于句首，若放在句首，要用because of 或owing to 来代替。)单句语法填空(2017江苏卷)Hes been informed that he doesnt qualify for the scholarship because_of his academic background.(2017全国卷)Many farmers opposed the plan because they feared that wolves would kill their farm animals or pets.e up 走近；上来；发芽；发生；被提出；(太阳、月亮等)升起e up with 想出，提出；产生e about 发生e back 回来；重新流行e across 穿过(路、桥)；偶遇；偶然发现(e upon)e down (价格、温度、比率等)下降，降低e on 赶快；得了吧；加油e out 出版；出来，出现；结果是e to 苏醒；总计；达到；谈到When it es to.当谈到的时候(教材原句)Id like to e up to your apartment.我愿意来你的公寓。(2016全国卷)Nurses and other caregivers need to be aware of the possible meanings of silence when they e across the personal anxiety their patients may experience.护士和护工们都需要意识到当他们遇到病人可能经历个人焦虑时沉默意味着什么。Please tell me how the accident came (e)about.请告诉我事故是怎么发生的。单句语法填空(2017天津卷)It was when I got back to my apartment that I first came (e) across my new neighbors.e up含有“被提出”之意，以物作主语时不用被动语态。而e up with意为“提出，想出”，其主语是人。make use of 利用；使用(1)充分利用(2)e into use 开始被使用bring/put.to use 加以使用be of great use 很有用It be no use doing sth.做没用(教材原句)So by the 1600s Shakespeare was able to make use of a wider vocabulary than ever before.所以到17世纪，莎士比亚所用的词汇量比以前任何时期都大。Once you get the chance，you should_make (make) full use of it.一旦你得到这个机会，你就要充分利用它。His success lies in the use that he can_make (make) of every chance to improve himself.他的成功在于他善于利用每一次机会提升自己。make use of短语的构成特点为：动词名词介词。此类短语使用时通常做以下变化：(1)把名词提前使用被动语态；(2)把名词提前作先行词用，其后接定语从句。【短文改错】One day a rich man took his son on a trip to the country in order to show his son if the poor lived，so he could be thankful to his wealth.They spent a couple of days and nights on the farm of that would be considered a very poor family.On their return back，the father asked his son to explain what he had learnt.The boy，who had remained silent and deep in thought on the journey home，replying in a way that shocked his father.The boy said he wanted to bee farmer.He envied the farmers who had the beautiful night star to give them light while her family had only expensive lanterns.His wish was to have a farm where he could go swimming in an endless river instead of the garden pool in their home.Finally the boy finished by saying，“Before the trip I thought we were rich but today I have learnt who is true rich.”With this，the boy got up and walked away，leaving his father sat on their fortable sofa，totally speechless.文章大意：一天，一位富人为了让儿子对他的财富充满“感激”，便带着儿子来到乡村去体验农民的生活，没想到结果却令富人“无语”，因为他的儿子想当农民。答案：One day a rich man took his son on a trip to the country in order to show his son the poor lived，so he could be thankful his wealth.They spent a couple of days and nights on the farm of would be considered a very poor family.On their return back，the father asked his son to explain what he had learnt.The boy，who had remained silent and deep in thought on the journey home， in a way that shocked his father.The boy said he wanted to beefarmer.He envied the farmers who had the beautiful night to give them light while family had only expensive lanterns.His wish was to have a farm where he could go swimming in an endless river instead of the garden pool in their home.Finally the boy finished by saying，“Before the trip I thought we were rich but today I have learnt who is rich.”With this，the boy got up and walked away，leaving his father on their fortable sofa，totally speechless.解析：考查句意理解以及从属连词。本句的意思是：有一天，一位富人带着他的儿子去乡村旅行以便让他的儿子看看穷人是如何生活的；此处用来引导宾语从句，意为：如何；故用how。解析：考查固定短语。be thankful to后面跟人，表示感谢某人；be thankful for后面跟事物，表示对某事物表示感谢；由于此处之后接的是wealth(财富)；故用for。解析：考查连接代词。此处用来引导宾语从句，由于该从句中缺少主语，故用连接代词what。解析：考查return的含义。由于return“返回”相当于“go back/get back/e back”，即它本身就含有back的意思，其后不能再跟back；故去掉return之后的back。解析：考查谓语动词。此处在句中作谓语，根据上文可知，此处讲述的是发生在过去某一天的事情，应使用一般过去时；故用replied。解析：考查不定冠词。此处用来修饰单数名词farmer，表示泛指一位农民，故在farmer前加a。解析：考查名词的单复数。此处指的是：许多美丽的夜星；由于star为可数名词；故用stars。解析：考查人称代词。此处用来修饰名词family，指代的是男孩的家；故用his。解析：考查副词。此处用来修饰形容词rich，故用truly。解析：考查固定搭配。leave sb doing 指让某人保持某动作或状态，留下某人；此处指的是：男孩站起来走开了，留下了他的父亲坐在他们舒适的沙发上，完全说不出话来；故用sitting。It was based more on German than the English we speak at present.当时的英语更多是以德语为基础，而不像我们今天所说的英语。more.than.与其说倒不如说；比更(1)more than(2)(3)(4)Lin Xinru is more (many) than an actress，but also a producer in this film.在这部电影里林心如不仅仅是一位演员，还是一位制片人。It is you rather than he that are to blame for the terrible accident.是你而不是他该对这次可怕的事故负责任。Believe it or not，there is no_such_thing_as standard English.信不信由你，没有什么标准英语。句中“no such单数名词”意为“没有这样的”，其中单数名词前不可再加冠词，相当于“not such a/an单数名词”。(1)such与a/an连用时要放在a/an的前面；与all，no，some，any，few，little，many，much，several，one等词连用时，应位于它们的后面。(2)suchthat.(3)such.as.像这样的，as在句中引导定语从句。No such person but Peter can perform so perfectly.除了彼得没有这样的人能表演得如此完美。There is no such good thing as a free dinner in this world.As the saying goes，“No pains，no gains.”世上没有免费的午餐这样的事。俗话说：“不劳无获。”Chen Long of China defeated Lee Chong Wei of Malaysia to claim the gold medal in the mens badminton singles final at the Rio Olympic Games.But Lin Dan had no_such luck.在里约奥运会羽毛球男子单打决赛中，中国队的谌龙击败了马来西亚的李宗伟，收获了一枚金牌。林丹却没有这样的运气。比较下列句子，注意连接词的作用(1)The book is written in such easy English as beginners can understand.(as引导定语从句)(2)The book is written in such easy English that beginners can understand it.(that引导结果状语从句)这本书用那么简单的英语写成，初学者能容易理解。【阅读理解】I think it was October, 1982. A friend had business dealings in the city of Reno, Nevada, and I was asked to acpany her on an overnight trip. While she conducted her business, I was aimlessly wandering down Virginia Street, heading into a most gloriously beautiful sunset. I had an urge to speak to someone on the street to share that beauty, but I couldnt make eye contact with anyone. Quickly I ducked into a department store and asked the lady behind the counter if she could e outside for just a minute. She looked at me as though I were from some other planet and said，“Well.” Surprisingly, she followed me out.When she got outside I said to her, “Just look at that sunset! Nobody out here was looking at it and I just had to share it with someone.”For a few seconds we just looked. Then I said, “Gods in his heaven and alls right with the world.” I thanked her for ing out to see it and sharing the beauty. Four years later my situation had changed considerably. I had e to the end of a twentyyear marriage. I was alone and on my own for the first time in my life. One day, while my clothes were going around, I picked up a Unity Magazine and read an article about a woman who had been in similar circumstances. She had e to the end of a marriage, moved to a strange munity, and the only job she could find was one she disliked: cosmetic sales in a department store. We had a lot in mon. Then something happened to her that changed everything. She said a woman came into her department store and asked her to step outside to look at a sunset. The stranger had said “Gods in his heaven and alls right with the world，”and she had realized the truth in that statement and that she simply had not been seeing it. From that moment on, she turned her life around.【文章大意】本文是一篇夹叙夹议文。作者与陌生的女店员分享看到的日落美景，而这次经历改变了这位女店员的人生。文章旨在告诉读者用乐观积极的态度面对变化不定的人生。【长难句分析】One day, while my clothes were going around, I picked up a Unity Magazine and read an article about a woman who had been in similar circumstances.(第四段第四句)分析：该句为主从复合句。“who had been in similar circumstances”为who引导的定语从句，修饰先行词a woman; while引导时间状语从句。译文：一天，我四处闲逛时在Unity Magazine上阅读到了一篇文章，该文章是关于一位和我有着相同遭遇的女士的。1. Why did the writer duck into a department store?AShe found it was boring with nobody talking to her.BShe wanted to buy something for her friend.CShe wanted to find somebody to share the beautiful sunset.DShe thought it was her responsibility to share the natural beauty with others.答案与解析：C考查细节理解。【关键句】While she conducted her business, I was aimlessly wandering down Virginia Street, heading into a most gloriously beautiful sunset. I had an urge to speak to someone on the street to share that beauty, but I couldnt make eye contact with anyone.(第一段第三、四句)译文：在她处理业务期间，我漫无目的地在Virginia大街上闲逛，眼前便是辉煌壮丽的日落美景。我迫切地想在街上找个人和他分享美景，可是我一个人都没有找到。【解题思路】该题提问的是作者溜进商店的原因。根据关键句并结合文章第二段内容可知，作者溜进商店是为了邀请别人一起欣赏日落美景。故C项正确。2. What does the sentence “Gods in his heaven and alls right with the world” mean?AWe should be optimistic in the face of uncertainty.BWe should believe in God who can help us when we are in trouble.CWe should never hold the belief that God can change our life. DWe should be independent and enjoy ourselves in spite of difficulties.答案与解析：A考查句意理解。【关键句】.and she had realized the truth in that statement and that she simply had not been seeing it.From that moment on, she turned her life around.(最后一段最后两句)译文：她已经认识到了这句话中蕴含的真理，只是一直没有留意过。从那一刻起，她的人生发生了翻天覆地的改变。【解题思路】通读全文可知，这句话共出现过两次，第一次是在第三段第二句；第二次是在第五段第三句。结合最后一段最后两句及第四段和第五段描述的该女士最终改变了自己的人生可知，该句是在说前途未卜时，我们应保持积极乐观的心态。故A项正确。3. What do you think finally changed the writers attitude towards life?AThe old magazine she came across. BThe encouragement from the woman.CThe sunset they enjoyed four years ago. DThe womans story.答案与解析：D考查推理判断。【解题思路】该题问的是你认为是什么最终改变了作者对待生活的态度。根据文章内容可知，作者邀请一位女士一起分享日落美景这一举动及在观景时所发出的感悟改变了这位女士看待人生的态度，从而改变了她的人生。如今作者和这位女士之前的遭遇相似，得知她已改写自己的命运。由此可推知，这位女士的故事会改变作者对待人生的态度。故D项正确。4. What may be the best title for the text? ADepending on yourself BSharing beauty CStruggling every day DNever giving up halfway答案与解析：B考查标题概括。【关键句】While she conducted her business, I was aimlessly wandering down Virginia Street，heading into a most gloriously beautiful sunset.I had an urge to speak to someone on the street to share that beauty，but I couldnt make eye contact with anyone.(第一段第三、四句)译文：在她处理业务期间，我漫无目的地在Virginia大街上闲逛，眼前便是辉煌壮丽的日落美景。我迫切地想告诉街上的人以便同他们分享美景，可是我一个人都没有找到。【解题思路】根据关键句并结合全文内容可知，文章由“欣赏日落美景”引出故事，且两次提到观景的感悟，告诉读者用积极乐观的态度来面对变化不定的人生。B项“分享美景”最适合做文章标题。故B项正确。
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