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第七课时定语从句感 悟 高 考1.The little problems _ we meet in our daily lives may be inspirations for great inventions.(2017北京卷)A.that B.as C.where D.when答案A句意：我们在日常生活中遇到的小问题可能就是伟大发明的灵感。此句是定语从句，从句缺少宾语，先行词是problems，用that。2.In 1963 the UN set up the World Food Programme, one of _ purposes is to relieve worldwide starvation.(2017江苏卷)A.which B.its C.whose D.whom 答案C先行词是“the World Food Programme”，whose引导定语从句并在定语从句中作定语，修饰purposes，故选C。句意：1963年联合国建立了世界粮食计划署，其目的之一就是为了缓解世界范围内的饥饿问题。3.My eldest son, _ work takes him all over the world, is in New York at the moment.(2017天津卷)A.that B.whose C.his D.who答案B句意：我的最大儿子，他因工作原因去全世界，现在在纽约。本句是一个非限制性定语从句，先行词是my eldest son，根据句意和空后名词，确定引导词做定语，在定语从句中只有引导词whose修饰名词做定语，意为：的。故选B。4.Scientists have advanced many theories about why human beings cry tears，none of _ has been proved.(2016浙江卷)A.whom B.which C.what D.that答案B句意：科学家们已经提出许多关于人类为什么哭泣时流泪的理论，其中没有一个已被证明。分析句子成分可知，空处引导定语从句，此处是which引导的非限制性定语从句，which代替many theories。5.I live next door to a couple _ children often make a lot of noise.(2016北京卷)A.whose B.why C.where D.which答案A句意：我住在一对夫妇的隔壁，他们的孩子经常弄出很大的噪音。先行词为couple，由句意可知children与couple之间为所属关系，故用关系代词whose引导定语从句。要 点 精 析一、关系代词引导的定语从句1.关系代词的用法分类从句关系代词格用于限制性和非限制性定语从句只用于限制性定语从句指人指物指人又指物主格whowhichthat宾格who/whom-属格whose/ of whomof which/ whosewhose2.关系代词的用法与分类依据(1)根据所引导的从句的限制性和非限制性(2)根据所替代的先行词是指人还是指物(3)根据它在从句中所充当的成分主语、宾语或定语3.只用that不用which的情况(1)先行词是不定代词或者先行词被不定代词所修饰时，关系代词通常只用that，不用which。Nothing that the teacher does doesnt influence his students.老师所做的事情没有不影响到学生的。(2)当先行词被序数词，形容词最高级，the only, the very, the last等修饰时，关系代词通常只用that，不用which。This is one of the most exciting football games that I have ever seen.这是我见过的最激动人心的足球比赛之一。This is the only thing that we can do now.这是我们现在唯一能做的事情。(3)先行词既有人又有物时，关系代词只用that，不用which。The scientist and his achievements that you told me about are admired by us all.我们所有人都钦佩你告诉我的那位科学家和他所取得的成就。(4)关系代词在限制性定语从句中作表语时，通常只用that，不用which。Our school is no longer the school that it used to be.我们的学校不再是以前的样子了。(5)句中其他位置已出现which，为避免重复，不用which而用that引导限制性定语从句。Which is the car that has overtaken us?超过我们的是哪辆车？4.只用which不用that的情况(1)在非限制性定语从句中只能使用关系代词which，不能使用that。Air，which we breathe every day, is around us all the time.我们每天呼吸的空气始终在我们的周围。(2)在“介词关系代词”引导的定语从句中，用关系代词which，不能使用that。She showed me the dictionary for which she paid a lot of money.她给我看了她花了很多钱买的那本字典。名师点津(1)当关系代词作宾语，前面又没有介词时，whom可以改为who，也可以省略。The girl (who/whom) he invited may be his girlfriend.他邀请的那个女孩可能是他的女朋友。(2)在非限制性定语从句中，whose修饰物时可以换为“the名词of which”；修饰人时，可以换为“the名词of whom”。The classroom，whose door is broken, will soon be repaired.The classroom, the door of which is broken，will soon be repaired.那间门坏了的教室很快就会被修理了。二、关系副词引导的定语从句1.where引导的定语从句where表示地点，在定语从句中作地点状语，相当于“介词in/at/on.which”。In countries where (in which) many different languages are spoken，English is often used as an official language to help people municate.在一些说多种语言的国家里，英语经常作为官方语言来帮助人们交流。名师点津当先行词为situation, case, stage, point, activity, atmosphere等抽象名词，且引导词在定语从句中表示事情发生的情况、阶段等时，常用关系副词where引导。You reach a point where medicine cant help.你到了药物无法治疗的地步。2.when 引导的定语从句when表示时间，在定语从句中作时间状语，相当于“介词in/at/on/during .which”结构。I am looking forward to the day when my daughter can read this book and know my feelings for her.我正期盼那一天的到来，那时我女儿可以读这本书，并且了解我对她的感情。3.why引导的定语从句why表示原因，在定语从句中作原因状语，相当于“介词forwhich”结构。Do you know the reason why/for which he didnt attend the meeting?你知道他没参加会议的原因吗？名师点津非限制性定语从句中，常用for which 表示原因而不用why。I had told them the reason，for which I didnt attend the meeting.我把理由告诉了他们，为此我没有去开会。【技法点拨】关系代词和关系副词的辨析方法准确判断先行词在定语从句中的成分(主语、谓语、宾语、定语、状语)能正确选择出关系代词/关系副词。This is the museum where we saw the famous painting.(引导词在从句中作状语)这就是我们看到那幅名画的博物馆。This is the museum which we visited last summer.(引导词在从句中作宾语)这就是我们去年夏天去的那个博物馆。三、“介词关系词”引导的定语从句1.介词和关系代词的确定若介词放在关系代词之前，关系代词指人时常用whom，指物时常用which。另外，whose也可以放在介词后，即“介词whose名词”结构。一般来说，确定关系代词前的介词，可以从以下三方面入手：(1)先行词的意义(2)句中的动词或形容词与先行词的固定搭配(3)句子的意思Trading leather shoes is the business to which the Greens are devoted.皮鞋生意是格林一家所致力于的事业。(be devoted to“献身，致力于”)I wish to thank Professor Smith, without whose help I would never have got this far.我希望感谢史密斯教授，没有他的帮助，我永远不会走这么远。Recently I bought an ancient vase, whose price(the price of which) was very reasonable.最近我买了个古代的花瓶，它的价钱很合理。2.“of关系代词”引导的定语从句在some, any, few, little, none, all, both, neither, many, most, each等代词或数词的前、后表示整体与部分的关系可以用of which/whom。John invited about 40 people to his wedding，most of whom are family members.约翰邀请了大约40人参加他的婚礼，他们当中绝大部分是家庭成员。3.“介词where”引导的定语从句有时“介词where”可以引导定语从句，此时要和“介词which”引导的定语从句从意思上加以区别。His head soon appeared out of the window，from where he saw nothing but trees.他的头很快从窗口探了出来，从那里除了树木他什么也看不到。(from where相当于from out of the window，而不是from the window)四、as 和which 引导的定语从句1.as引导的限制性定语从句用在the same.as, such.as, as.as, so.as结构中，as可以作主语、宾语或表语，可以用来代替先行词是表示人或物的名词。They could only read such stories as had been rewritten in simple English.他们只能读类似这样的一些用简易英语改写的故事。(as作主语)These houses are sold at such a low price as people expected.这些房子以人们期望的低价出售。(as作宾语)2.关系代词as, which引导非限制性定语从句的区别(1)as引导的非限制性定语从句，既可在主句前，又可在主句后，有时还可插入主句中，而which引导的非限制性定语从句只能置于主句之后。After graduating from college, I took some time off to go travelling, which turned out to be a wise decision.大学毕业后我抽出一部分时间去旅游，事实证明这是一个明智的选择。(2)当非限制性定语从句放在主句前面时，只能用as。注意此时与名词性从句的互换。As is known to everybody, the moon travels round the earth once every month.It is known to everybody that the moon travels round the earth once every month.(名词性从句)What is known to everybody is that the moon travels round the earth once every month.(名词性从句)众所周知，月球每月绕地球转一圈。(3)as意为“正如”，后面的谓语动词多是see, know, expect, say, mention, report, announce等；which意为“这一点”。As is often the case with children，Amy was better by the time the doctor arrived.正如孩子们常有的情况一样，医生到的时候Amy就好了。解 题 策 略1.先行词还原法如果认为是定语从句，大家可以把前面的名词直接还原到从句中，如果此句意思通顺，则为定语从句。Shell never forget her stay there _ she found her son who had gone missing two years before.A.that B.which C.where D.when答案Dher stay为先行词，代入定语从句后为：She found her son who had gone missing two years before during her stay there。when指代her stay在定语从句中作时间状语。2.四步分析法正确选择引导定语从句的关系词是学习定语从句的难点，大家可以使用“四步分析法”来正确解答试题。一看指人还是物；二看介词在何处；三看句中作何用；四看是否性特殊。Children who are not active or _ diet is high in fat will gain weight quickly.A.what B.whose C.which D.that答案B句意：不爱运动或者饮食热量偏高的孩子们会很快发胖。空处引导的定语从句，为主系表结构，且缺少定语成分，因此只能考虑填作定语的关系代词。A中的what不能引导定语从句。whose “谁的”，符合句意。3.固定搭配法在解答定语从句时还要注意一些固定短语，这样就需要确定关系词前的介词等。Wind power is an ancient source of energy _we may return in the near future.A.on which B.by whichC.to which D.from which答案C句意：风力是很古老的一种能源，不久的将来我们也许会再利用它。return to “重新利用”，属于固定搭配。针 对 训 练1.We will put off the picnic in the park until next week，_ the weather may be better.(2016天津卷)A.that B.where C.which D.when答案D分析句子结构可知，空处在此引导定语从句，先行词为next week，且关系词在定语从句中作时间状语，故用when。2.He wrote many childrens books，nearly half of _ were published in the 1990s.(2015重庆卷)A.whom B.which C.them D.that答案B句意：他写了许多儿童读物，几乎有一半的书是在二十世纪九十年代出版的。逗号之后是一个修饰childrens books的非限制性定语从句，which指代childrens books。3.China Today attracts a worldwide readership，_ shows that more and more people all over the world want to learn about China.(2015福建卷)A.who B.whom C.that D.which答案D句意：今日中国吸引了全世界的读者，这表明世界上越来越多的人想了解中国。先行词是前面的整个主句，在从句中作主语，用which来引导定语从句。4.Well reach the sales targets in a month _ we set at the beginning of the year.(重庆卷)A.which B.where C.when D.what答案A句意：一个月之后我们就能完成年初制定的销售目标。先行词targets在从句中作set的宾语，故要用关系代词，which引导定语从句。5.Students should involve themselves in munity activities _ they can gain experience for growth.(福建卷)A.who B.when C.which D.where答案D句意：学生应该潜心于社区活动之中，在这些活动中，他们可以获取成长的经验。在定语从句中缺少地点状语，故选D。6.Please send us all the information _ you have about the candidate for the position.(陕西卷)A.that B.which C.as D.what答案A句意：请把所有有关这个职位候选人的信息发给我们。首先排除D项，因为what不是定语从句的引导词，而是名词性从句的引导词；先行词information在定语从句中充当动词have的宾语，前面又有all来修饰，故只能用that；不用which；as用在定语从句中常和such，the same连用。7.Robert Johnson was an American singer and musician，_ records reached a wider audience after his death.A.whom B.which C.whose D.where答案C此处whose在定语从句中修饰名词records，该定语从句修饰先行词an American singer and musician。8.Care of the soul is a gradual process _ even the small details of life should be considered.A.what B.in what C.which D.in which答案D句意：心灵的护理是一个逐渐的过程，在这个过程中，甚至生活中那些微小的细节都应该加以考虑。which引导限制性定语从句，which代前面的process，in which相当于in the process。9.After the flooding, people were suffering in that area，_ urgently needed clean water, medicine and shelter to survive.A.which B.who C.where D.what答案B指人的先行词people在非限制性定语从句中充当主语，所以用关系代词who引导。故选B。10.There is no simple answer to such a question，_is often the case in science.A.one B.that C.as D.what答案C句意：这个问题没有简单的答案，这在科学上是常有的事。从句中缺少主语，故选as作主语，指代前面整个主句的内容。that不能引导非限制性定语从句。11.With the help of the Internet，different countries have e together to form a munity_ people can share thoughts and global issues.A.whose B.which C.where D.when答案C句意：在因特网的帮助下，不同的国家聚集在一起形成了一个共同体，人们可以在其中交流想法和全球的问题。分析句子成分可知，本题为定语从句。先行词为a munity，从句中缺少状语，结合句意可知where符合题意。12.Its strongly advised that smokers not be allowed to smoke in any room _ babies currently occupy.A.where B.whose C.that D.as答案C句意：强烈建议不允许吸烟者在婴儿所在的任何房间吸烟。分析句子成分可知，本题考查的是定语从句。any room为先行词，从句中谓语动词occupy的后面缺少宾语，结合句意可知that符合题意。
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