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第九课时并列句和状语从句感 悟 高 考1.Located _ the Belt meets the Road, Jiangsu will contribute more to the Belt and Road construction.(2017江苏卷)A.why B.when C.which D.where答案Dbe located in地点名词，意为“位于/坐落于某地”，where引导的地点状语从句在此相当于in some place，故选D。句意：位于“一带一路”交汇处的江苏省将会对“一带一路”的建设做出更大的贡献。2.If you dont understand something, you may research, study, and talk to other people _ you figure it out.(2017北京卷)A.because B.thoughC.until D.since答案Cbecause因为；though尽管；until直到；since自从。句意：如果你无法理解某个东西，你可能会去研究，学习，和他人探讨直到你解决为止，根据句意可知选用until，直到，选C。3. _ birds use their feathers for flight, some of their feathers are for other purposes.(2017北京卷)A.Once B.If C.Although D.Because答案COnce一旦；If如果；Although尽管；Because因为。句意：尽管鸟儿们用羽毛来飞翔，但是他们的一些羽毛还有其他用途。根据语境可知前后之间是让步关系，故选C。4.Peter, please send us postcards _ well know where you have visited.No problem.(2017北京卷)A.but B.or C.for D.so答案Dbut但是；or或者；for因为；so因此。句意： Peter，请给我们寄明信片，因此我们就会知道你们去哪游览过。根据语境可知前后句之间是因果关系，故选D。5._ online shopping has changed our life，not all of its effects have been positive.(2016浙江卷)A.Since B.After C.While D.Unless答案C句意：尽管网上购物已经改变了我们的生活，但是不是所有的影响都是积极的。while引导让步状语从句，意为“尽管，虽然”；since既然，自从；after在之后；unless除非。故选C。6._ the average age of the population increases，there are more and more old people to care for.(2016天津卷)A.Unless B.Until C.As D.While答案C句意：随着人口平均年龄的增加，越来越多的老年人需要照顾。分析句子结构可知，空处在此引导状语从句，表示“随着”，故选C。要 点 精 析一、并列句的4种类型1. 表并列、递进或顺承关系：and，both.and.，neither.nor.，not only.but also.Not only did he speak more correctly but (also) he spoke more easily.他不仅说得更正确了，而且说起来也更容易了。2.表转折、对比关系：but，yet，whileThe winter in Beijing is very cold while that of Kunming is warm.北京的冬天很冷，然而昆明的冬天却很暖和。3. 表选择关系：or，otherwise，or else，either.or.，not.but.Now you can either have a rest or you can go to the cinema.现在你可以休息，也可以去看电影。4. 表因果关系：so，for (表“由于”，一般不放在句首)He must have been caught in the rain，for he is wet all over.他肯定被雨淋了，因为他浑身都湿了。二、并列句的2大句式1. when “就在这时，突然”，常用于以下句式：(1)sb be about to do/on the point of doing sth when.某人正要做某事，突然(2)sb be doing sth when.某人正在做某事，突然(3)sb had done sth when.某人刚做完某事，突然One Friday，we were packing to leave for a weekend away when my daughter heard cries for help.当我们周五在收拾行李要去度周末时，我的女儿突然听到了呼救声。He was about to jump into the river when the guide stopped him.他正要向河里跳，这时导游拦住了他。2. and与or/otherwise用于并列句(1)祈使句and陈述句(and表示顺承关系)(2)祈使句or/otherwise陈述句(or/otherwise表示转折关系)Work hard and you will succeed.努力学习，你就会成功。Hurry up，or/otherwise you will be late for class.快点儿，否则你们上课就迟到了。一、时间状语从句1.when, while和as的用法连词含义及用法例句when“当时候”，可与延续性动词或短暂性动词连用；从句动作可以发生在主句动作之前、之后或与主句动作同时发生When you apply for a job, you must present your credentials.当你申请工作时，你必须递交你的有关证书。while“当时候”，一般只可与延续性动词连用，从句动作与主句动作同时发生Mary made coffee while her guests were finishing their meal.客人们就要吃完的时候，玛丽去煮咖啡了。as“一边一边”，常与延续性动词连用，从句动作与主句动作同时或几乎同时发生As he grew older, he became less active.随着他逐渐长大，他变得不那么活泼了。名师点津如果主句表示的是短暂性动作，而从句用延续性动词的进行时表示在一段时间内正在进行的动作时，when, while与as可互换使用。When/While/As I was walking down the street, I came across an old friend.我正沿着大街走时，碰巧遇到了我的一个老朋友。2.before与since的用法(1)before表示“在之前；还未就；还没来得及就”。常用于以下句型：It will be一段时间before. 多久之后才It wont be long before. 不久之后就It was一段时间before. 过了多久才John thinks it wont be long before he is ready for his new job.约翰认为不久他就能为他的新工作做好准备。(2)since的用法since表示“自从”，其引导的从句在句中作状语时，主句常用现在完成时或现在完成进行时；从句常用一般过去时。I have returned home twice since I settled down in the States.自从我定居美国后，我回过两次家。They have been living very happily since they got married.自从结婚后他们一直生活得很幸福。since后面所用动词不同，该动词所表示动作持续时间的计算方法也不同。since瞬间动词过去式(从该动作发生时算起)since持续性动词过去式(从动作结束时算起)He has written to me frequently since he was ill.自从病好以来，他经常给我来信。He has written to me frequently since he went abroad.他自出国以来，经常给我写信。since表示“自从以来”，常用于“It is/has been时间段since从句”结构。该句型表示“自从开始(不做)已经多长时间了”，一般从句的时态用一般过去时，主句中的时态用现在完成时或一般现在时。As is reported，it has been/is over 100 years since Tsinghua University was founded.据报道，清华大学已经建立了100多年了。3.till, until和not.until.的用法(1)until或till表示“某动作一直延续到某时间点才停止”，此时主句谓语动词是延续性动词，主、从句都为肯定式。这两个词可以换用，但till不可以置于句首，而until可以。Have you heard the meeting will be put off till/until next Tuesday?这个会议将被推迟到下周二，你有没有听说？(2)not. until. 表示“直到才”，主句谓语动词必须是非延续性动词。As far as I know, his mother wont go to bed until he returns home every evening.据我所知，他母亲每晚直到他回家才会上床睡觉。4.表示“一就，刚就”的常用表达(1)表示“一就”的表达as soon as, immediately, directly, instantly, the moment, the minute, the instant，the secondThe moment I heard the voice，I knew Father was ing.我一听到那个声音就知道父亲来了。(2)表示“刚就”的表达no sooner. than., hardly/scarcely. when.的时态搭配：no sooner与hardly/scarcely后的句子谓语动词应用过去完成时，而than与when引导的句子谓语动词应用一般过去时。此外，当把no sooner和hardly/scarcely提到句首时，应用倒装语序。He had no sooner finished his speech than the students started cheering.No sooner had he finished his speech than the students started cheering.他刚完成演讲学生们就开始欢呼起来。二、条件状语从句1.条件状语从句的常见引导词if, unless (if. not), so/as long as (只要), on condition that (条件是), if only (if), provided that (如果), in case (万一，如果), suppose/supposing that (假设，如果), assuming that等均可引导条件状语从句。We will have a picnic in the park this Sunday unless it rains or its very cold.除非下雨或天很冷，否则我们将在本周日去公园野餐。My parents dont mind what job I do as long as I am happy.我的父母不在意我从事什么工作，只要我高兴就好。2.条件状语从句的时态在条件状语从句中，常用一般现在时表将来含义；现在完成时表即将完成之后的情况；一般过去时表过去将来的含义。If everyone does his part, the project will surely be a success.如果大家都尽责，这个项目肯定会成功。三、让步状语从句1.although, though, while引导的让步状语从句。Though/Although/While regular exercise is very important, its never a good idea to exercise too close to bedtime.尽管有规律的锻炼很重要，但临睡前锻炼不是个好主意。2.as, though引导的让步状语从句需用部分倒装语序。Hot as/though the night air was, we slept deeply because we were so tired after the long journey.在长途跋涉之后，尽管夜晚的空气很热，我们还是因为累睡得很熟。3.“疑问词-ever”引导的让步状语从句，意为“无论”。However hard you try, it is difficult to lose weight without cutting down the amount you eat.不管你多么努力，如果不减少饭量，减肥很难。4.whether. or.引导的让步状语从句，意为“不论还是”，表示正反两种情况都不会影响主句的意向或结果。Well go on with the work, whether we can find the necessary tools or we cannot.不管我们能否找到所需的工具，我们都要把这项工作做下去。四、地点状语从句地点状语从句表示地点、方位，通常由where, wherever引导，可置于句首、句中或句尾。I cannot hear the professor clearly as there is too much noise where I am sitting.因为我坐的地方噪音太大，所以听不清教授在说什么。名师点津where引导的定语从句与状语从句的区别：地点状语从句与定语从句的区别在于从句在句中所作的成分，如果作状语，则是状语从句；如果作定语，则是定语从句。The little girl who got lost decided to remain where she was and wait for her mother. (状语从句，其中remain为不及物动词)The little girl who got lost decided to remain in the place where she was and wait for her mother. (定语从句)那个迷路的小女孩决定待在原地等她的母亲。 五、原因状语从句原因状语从句可由because, as, since, now that, in that, considering (that)等词引导。1.because译作“因为”，表示直接原因，语气较强，能回答由why提出的问句。The old man asked Lucy to move to another chair because he wanted to sit next to his wife.那位老人让露西换坐到另一把椅子上，因为他想挨着妻子坐。2.as译作“由于”，语气较轻，常表示显而易见的原因；since (既然), now that (既然), in that (因为)，表示双方都知道的原因，语气较弱。as, since和now that引导的从句多位于主句之前。Now that you have got a job, you should learn to be independent of your parents.既然你找到了一份工作，你应该学会独立不依靠父母。六、方式状语从句引导方式状语从句的从属连词有as, as if, as though等。方式状语从句应放在主句之后。其中as if或as though引导的从句常用虚拟语气，但如果从句中所陈述的情况很可能实现，也可用陈述语气。The house was greatly damaged by the truck.Wed better leave things as they are until the police arrive.卡车对这座房子造成了严重的损坏。我们最好保持原样直到警察到来。The construction industry is no longer as depressed as it was.建筑业不再像以往那样萧条了。The old lady treats the boy as if he were her own son.这位老太太对待这个男孩就像他是她自己的儿子似的。七、结果状语从句1.引导结果状语从句的从属连词有：so.that., such.that.。在非正式语体中，由so.that., such.that.引导的句子中的that可以省略，注意其结构形式：(1)(2)He is such a learned person that we admire him very much.He is so learned a person that we admire him very much.他如此有学问，以至于我们非常赞赏他。It is such fine weather that we all want to go to the park.天气如此晴朗，以至于我们都想去公园。He earned so little money that he couldnt support his family.他挣这么少的钱，以至于养不起家。2.当so或such所在的主句主语与结果状语从句中的主语一致时，还可简化为：so/such.as to.。He was so clever a student that he was able to work out all the difficult problems.He was so clever a student as to be able to work out all the difficult problems.他是一名如此聪明的学生，以至于他能够解决所有难题。八、目的状语从句引导目的状语从句的从属连词有：so that, in order that, for fear that, in case (that), lest等。1.in order that和so that引导的目的状语从句两个连词都意为“以便；为了”，它们引导的状语从句中常用情态动词。When he goes out, he often wears sunglasses so that/in order that nobody/no one can recognize him.他出门的时候常戴着墨镜，以便没人能认出他。2.for fear that, in case (that)和lest引导的目的状语从句引导目的状语从句时，for fear that表示“害怕，担心某事会发生”；in case (that)/lest表示“以防出现某种情况”。The boy hid himself behind the tree in case/for fear that his father should see him.那个男孩藏在树后面，以防他父亲看到他。Take your raincoat in case/lest it should rain.带上雨衣以防下雨。解 题 策 略1.句意翻译法对于状语从句的解答来说，最重要的一点是能够正确地翻译句子的意思，这样就能够判断出该从句是状语从句中的哪一种，选择也就很容易了。(1)_ they decide which college to go to, students should research the admission procedures.A.As B.While C.Until D.Once答案D句意：一旦学生们决定了要上哪所大学，他们就应该研究申请此大学的入学程序了。as “当时，由于”；while “当时，尽管”；until “直到”；once “一旦”。根据句意选择D项。(2)Our holiday cost a lot of money.Did it? Well, that doesnt matter _ you enjoyed yourselves.A.as long as B.unlessC.as soon as D.though答案A句意：“我们这次度假花了很多钱。”“是吗？哦，没关系，只要你们玩得高兴就行。” as long as “只要”；unless “除非”；as soon as “一就”；though “尽管；虽然”。2.分清句子类型法对于有些试题来说，掌握和分清一些固定的句型结构是很重要的。同时也要注意该从句与别的一些从句的区别，如地点状语从句和定语从句，结果状语从句和定语从句等。(1)John thinks it wont be long _ he is ready for his new job.A.when B.after C.before D.since答案C所填词引导状语从句，构成It (will) be时间段状语从句，意思是：过多久才将，故选C。(2)Youd better not leave the medicine _ kids can get it.A.even if B.which C.where D.so that答案C句意：你最好不要把药放在孩子们能够得着的地方。本题考查where引导的地点状语从句。本句相当于：Youd better not leave the medicine in the place where kids can get it.针 对 训 练1.My grandfather still plays tennis now and then，_ hes in his nineties.(2016北京卷)A.as long as B.as ifC.even though D.in case答案C句意：尽管我祖父已经九十多岁了，但他仍不时打网球。由句意可知，本句的前后两部分之间为让步关系，故选C。2.I really enjoy listening to music _ it helps me relax and takes my mind away from other cares of the day.(2016北京卷)A.because B.beforeC.unless D.until答案A句意：我真的很喜欢听音乐，因为它有助于我放松，让我忘记一天中的其他忧虑。根据句意可知，句子前后为因果关系，故选A。3.I am not afraid of tomorrow，_ I have seen yesterday and I love today.(2016北京卷)A.so B.and C.for D.but答案C句意：我并不害怕明天。因为我已见证了昨天并热爱今天。根据句意可知，句子前后为因果关系，故选C。4._scientists have learned a lot about the universe，there is much we still dont know.(2015安徽卷)A.Once B.Since C.Though D.Unless答案C句意：尽管科学家们对宇宙已经了解甚多，但仍有许多我们还不知道的东西。once一旦；since自从以来；though尽管；unless除非。该题考查让步状语从句，故选C；而A、D常引导条件状语从句；B常用来引导时间或原因状语从句。5.We need to get to the root of the problem_ we can solve it.(2015天津卷)A.while B.after C.before D.as答案C句意：我们在解决问题之前需要找到其根源。根据逻辑关系可知，“找到问题的根源”在“解决问题”之前发生。before在之前，引导时间状语从句，符合题意。6._ the students came from different countries，they got along quite well in the summer camp.(2015福建卷)A.While B.Unless C.Since D.Until答案A句意：尽管那些学生来自不同的国家，但是他们在夏令营相处得很好。此处用while引导让步状语从句，表示“虽然，尽管”。7.He is a shy man, _ he is not afraid of anything or anyone.(2015北京卷)A.so B.but C.or D.as答案B句意：他是一个很害羞的人，但是他不害怕任何事和人。 由句意可知前后两句之间为转折关系，故用but，选B。8._ the damage is done, it will take many years for the farmland to recover.(2015北京卷)A.Until B.Unless C.Once D.Although答案C句意：一旦造成损害，要花费许多年的时间耕地才能恢复。until直到；unless除非；once一旦；although尽管。由句意可知选C。9.Stand over there _ youll be able to see it better.(天津卷)A.or B.and C.but D.while答案B此处为“祈使句and陈述句”句型。10.Some animals carry seeds from one place to another，_ plants can spread to new places.(北京卷)A.so B.or C.for D.but答案A句意：一些动物能够把植物种子携带到另外一个地方，因此植物也能够传播到新的地方。根据句意可知，这两句话是因果关系，A项正确。11.Half an hour later，Lucy still couldnt get a taxi _ the bus had dropped her.(重庆卷)A.until B.when C.although D.where答案D句意：半小时过后，露西在她下公共汽车的地方还没有搭上出租车。由句意可知地点状语从句中缺少地点状语，故选D。12.It was the middle of the night _ my father woke me up and told me to watch the football game.(江西卷)A.that B.as C.which D.when 答案D句意：父亲叫醒我看足球赛时，已是夜半时分。when符合语境。因为the middle of the night不是时间状语，故不是强调结构。倘若在was之后添加介词in，则此题答案为A。13.I dont really like the author，_ I have to admit his books are very exciting.(山东卷)A.although B.unlessC.until D.once答案A句意：我真的不喜欢这位作者，尽管我不得不承认他的书很激动人心。从句表示让步关系，故选A。unless “除非”，表条件关系；until “直到”，表时间关系；once “一旦”，表示条件关系。14._ the arguments，its necessary to consider the contributions Hong Kong Disneyland has made in lifting the number of tourists.A.Whatever B.WhicheverC.However D.Whenever答案A句意：不论有什么争端，我们有必要考虑香港迪斯尼乐园在提高游客数量上做出的贡献。whatever引导省略的让步状语从句，从句省略了be动词are，whatever在从句中作表语。意为“不论什么”，相当于no matter what。
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