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Unit 2 English around the world(一)课前自主学习.阅读单词知其意1subway n地下人行道；美地铁2elevator n. 电梯；升降机3petrol n. 英汽油(美gasoline)4conquer vt. 征服；占领5apartment n. 美公寓住宅；单元住宅6enrich vt.纵联1 使富裕；充实；改善7identity n. 本身；本体；身份8dialect n. 方言9eastern adj.纵联2 东方的；东部的 10lightning n. 闪电11usage n. 使用；用法；词语惯用法12block n. 街区；块；木块；石块.重点单词写其形1official adj.纵联3 官方的；正式的；公务的2voyage n纵联4 航行；航海3native adj. 本国的；本地的n. 本地人；本国人4base vt. 以为根据n. 基部；基地；基础5spelling n. 拼写；拼法6vocabulary n. 词汇；词汇量；词表7mand n& vt. 命令；指令；掌握8request n&vt. 请求；要求9straight adv. 直接；挺直adj. 直的；笔直的；正直的10accent n. 口音；腔调；重音.拓展单词通其变1actually adv.实际上；事实上actual adj.真实的；实际的2gradual adj.逐渐的；逐步的gradually adv.逐渐地；逐步地3latter adj.较后的；后半的；(两者中)后者的latest adj.最新的；最近的later adj.后期的；后者的lately adv.近来；最近4fluent adj.流利的；流畅的fluently adv.流利地；流畅地fluency n流利；流畅5frequent adj.频繁的；常见的frequently adv.常常；频繁地frequency n频率6expression n词语；表示；表达express vt.表达7recognize vt.辨认出；承认；公认recognition n认出；认识纵联1.en前缀和en后缀改变词性richenrich vt.使富裕ableenable v. 使能够largeenlarge v. 扩大sureensure v. 确保；担保strengthstrengthen v. 加强；巩固shortshorten v. 缩短；使变短纵联2.后缀ern引领四面八方eastern 东方的；东部的western 西方的；西部的southern 南方的；南部的northern 北方的；北部的northwestern 西北方的；来自西北的southeastern 东南方的；来自东南的northeastern 东北方的；来自东北的southwestern 西南方的；来自西南的纵联3.后缀ial结尾形容词集锦official官方的 beneficial有益的mercial商业的 facial表面的influential有影响力的 industrial工业的纵联4.多变“旅行”名词一览voyage航行；航海 tour(观光)旅行travel旅行 journey(长途)旅行trip(短途)旅行；外出 outing远足单元话题语言学习子话题1学习内容phrase n短语idiom n习语；成语pronunciation n发音 grammar n语法practice n练习 standard n& adj.标准(的)knowledge n知识；学问 speech n演讲子话题2学习过程accuracy n准确；精确 fault n缺点；毛病perfect adj.完美的 abundant adj.大量的；充裕的summarize vt.概括；总结 take in理解；吸收子话题3学习结果master vt.精通；掌握 acquire v获得；得到overe v克服；解决 pronounce vt.发音enlarge vt.扩大 accumulate vt.积累；积聚improve v改善；增进；提高 grasp v掌握；领会学考对接活学活用高考采撷(一)阅读中的词汇应用1(2014江苏高考阅读D) My mother and I conflicted countless times over the years, but _ (gradual) came to see one another as real human beings with faults and talents, and as women of strength in our own right. Lacking a mirror image in the mother who raised me, I had to seek my identity as a woman on my own.The Asian American munity has helped me regain my double identity.用gradual的正确形式填空：gradually写出see在本单元中的近义词：recognize写出identity在句中的含义：身份； identity的动词为identify，意为“确认；鉴定”。2(2014重庆高考完形填空)Wearing proper clothes is important too, for localswill judge you by what you wear. In some Middle Eastern countries，exposing your flesh is forbidden, especially if you are a woman.So leave your torn jeans at home.Also be cautious about expressing emotions. Getting angry in Southeast Asia just makes you look silly.In some countries it is unwise to kiss in public.写出locals在本单元中的近义词：_natives_写出加黑词在本单元中的同根名词：expression高考采撷(二)写作中的词汇应用(根据汉语及提示词翻译句子)1(2015四川高考书面表达)作为一个以中文为母语的人，我的中文讲得很清晰流利，我的老师们对我的中文口语评价很高。(native, fluent)As_a_native_Chinese_speaker,_I_can_speak_Chinese_clearly_and_fluently,_and_my_teachers_think_highly_of_my_spoken_Chinese.2(2014山东高考写作)事实上，谚语是一种众所周知的、反复使用的表达方式，它表达的是一种基于常识或人类实际经验的真理。(actually, expression, base)Actually,_a_proverb_is_an_expression_popularly_known_and_repeated,_which_expresses_a_truth,_based_on_mon_sense_or_the_practical_experience_of_humans. (二)课堂重点释疑1base vt.以为根据n.基部；基地；基础记牢(1)base . on/upon .把建立在基础之上be based on/upon 以为基础；依据(2)basic adj. 基本的；基础的basis n. 基础；根据练通单句语法填空Basing (base) an important decision more on emotion than on reason, you will regret it sooner or later.With our knowledge based (base) on practice, we can make great contributions to our society.句式升级The restaurant is based on trust, and it is working all right.Based_on_trust,_the restaurant is working all right.(改为分词短语作状语)写美补全句子(2015北京高考书面表达)首先，他向我们展示了捏面人的基本步骤和技巧。First, he showed_us_the_basic_steps and skills of making dough figurines.2mand nC命令；指令；U掌握vt.命令；指挥记牢(1)at ones mand听某人支配have a (good) mand of 掌握；精通(尤指语言)take mand of 控制；担任的指挥(2)mand sb. to do sth. 命令某人做某事mand that . (should) do .命令做练通单句语法填空Im at your mand what would you like me to do?If you do not serve others, you cannot take mand of them.句型转换The police manded the witness to describe what had happened the day before.The police manded that the witness (should)_describe_what_had_happened the day before.联想mand后面跟that引导的宾语从句时，从句谓语用虚拟语气，即“(should)动词原形”，以下动词具有相同的用法：一坚持：insist；二命令：order, mand；三建议：suggest, advise, remend；四要求：demand, request, require, desire；再加一个敦促：urge。写美补全句子(20186月浙江高考写作)我确信我非常胜任做这项志愿工作，因为我精通英语口语。I do believe that I am very qualified for this voluntary work, because_I_have_a_good_mand_of_spoken_English.3request n&vt.请求；要求记牢(1)make a request for sth./that .请求；要求at ones request 应某人的要求(2)request sb. to do sth. 请求某人做某事request that . (should) do sth. 请求It is requested that . (should) do sth.据要求练通单句语法填空Whats your opinion of Mr Lis request that we (should)_spend (spend) half an hour reading English aloud every morning?It_is_requested (request) that all the visitors should not take pictures of the exhibitions.句型转换I requested that the students should be well prepared for the exam.I made_a_request_that the students should be well prepared for the exam. (request n)用准 动词request后的宾语从句以及名词request后的表语从句、同位语从句都要用虚拟语气，即谓语动词用“(should)动词原形”， should可省略。写美补全句子在博物馆里要求参观者不要吸烟和大声谈话。The visitors are_requested_not_to_smoke_or_talk_loudly in the museum.4recognize vt.辨认出；承认；公认记牢(1)recognize sb./ones voice认出某人/听出某人的声音be recognized to be/as . 被认为是It is recognized that . 人们公认(2)recognition n. 认出；认识beyond (all) recognition 认不出来练通单句语法填空The film star wears sunglasses. Therefore, he can go shopping without_being_recognized (recognize)Alexander tried to get his work recognized (recognize) in the medical circles.I went back to my hometown after 20 years and the city had changed beyond all recognition (recognize)写美翻译句子人们一致认为环境污染已经变成了最严重的问题之一。It_is_recognized_that_environmental_pollution_has_bee_one_of_the_most_serious_problems.词汇过关综合训练 .单词拼写1Both English and French are official (官方的) languages in Canada.2She was born in Germany and her native (本国的) language is German.3The Smiths have lived in London for ten years, so they speak with a London accent (口音)4If you want to improve your reading skill, you should have a large vocabulary (词汇量) first.5Go straight (直接) down the road until you e to the English language school.6The store is three blocks (街区) away. It is very convenient for us to buy things.7He hated being in the army because he had to obey mands (命令)8Mans dream of making a space voyage (航行) finally came true.单句语法填空1His speech was frequently (frequent) interrupted by stormy applause.2I didnt like maths at the very start, but now my interest in it has been gradually (gradual) increasing.3As soon as he heard the news, an expression (express) of surprise appeared on his face.4My puter has a program which can correct my spelling(s) (spell) automatically.5My hometown has changed beyond recognition (recognize) since I was last here.6Youll be able to choose a room based on/upon your own personal tastes.7Nearly one hundred countries recognize English as their official (office) language.8Actually (actual), he is an honest and reliable person, whom you can depend on.一句多译1这部电影是根据一个真实的故事改编的，吸引了全国的关注。(base)The film, based_on/upon a true story, attracts peoples interest all over the country.The film is_based_on/upon a true story and it attracts peoples interest all over the country.2他命令我们一个小时内完成这项工作。He_manded_that_we_(should)_finish_the_work_in_an_hour._ (mand that .)He_manded_us_to_finish_the_work_in_an_hour._ (mand sb. to do sth.)3班主任要求我们认真复习功课。Our_headteacher_requested_us_to_go_over_our_lessons_carefully. (request sb. to do sth.)Our_headteacher_requested_that_we_(should)_go_over_our_lessons_carefully. (request that .).语境辨义根据语境选出block的词性和词义(A)n.街区 (B)n.一块(木头、石头等)(C)n.栋；座；幢 (D)vt.阻挡；堵塞1We tried to get through, but a fallen tree blocked the road._D_2She grew up playing with the other kids on the block._A_3The little boy put a block of ice into the cup._B_4Several blocks of flats have been built in this area._C_(一)课前自主学习1more_than超过；非常；不只是；不仅是2e_up 走近；上来；提出3be_based_on 以为基础；依据4believe_it_or_not 信不信由你5play_a_part_(in)_ 扮演一个角色；参与6because_of 因为；由于7the_number_of_ 的数量8at_present 串记1 现在；目前9make_use_of 串记2 利用；使用10such_as 例如；像这种的同根短语串记串记1.at时间短语小结at present 现在；目前at times 有时at a time 一次at one time 曾经at the moment 现在at the beginning of 在开始时串记2.“maken.prep.”短语荟萃make use of 使用；利用make a fool of 愚弄；欺骗make the most/best of 尽量利用；充分利用make way for 为让路；让路于make an appointment with sb. 与某人有个约定1at the end of the 16th century 16世纪末2make a voyage/voyages_to 航海/航行去3native English speakers 以英语作为母语的人4enrich_the English language 丰富英语语言5._than ever before 比以前任何时候更6standard English 标准英语7on TV and the radio 在电视和收音机里8an official language 一门官方语言1Native English speakers can understand each other even_if_they_dont_speak the same kind of English.以英语作为母语的人，即使他们所讲的英语不尽相同，也可以相互理解。2It was based more on German than the English we speak at present.当时的英语更多地是以德语为基础，而我们今天所说的英语不是。3It is not easy for a Chinese person_to_speak_English as well as a native English speaker.对中国人来说，想把英语说得像以英语作为母语的人一样好，并不是件容易的事。4Believe it or not, there is no_such_thing_as standard English.信不信由你，(世界上)没有什么标准英语。学考对接活学活用高考采撷(一)完形中的短语(补全句子)1(2014浙江高考完形填空)“I came to thank you，”she said, surprising me beyond speech. Because_of (因为) me, Simon had bee a different person.2(2014湖南高考完形填空)But ironing shirts was not easy work. It didnt make_use_of (利用) long muscles we used to throw a baseball, and it wasnt a smooth operation like iceskating.高考采撷(二)写作中的短语和句式(词汇升级/补全句子)1(2018全国卷书面表达)I am very (more_than) delighted to know you are invited to a dinner party by your Chinese friend.(用本单元短语替换加黑词)2(2015四川高考书面表达)我急需提高我的英语口语，所以找到一个以英语为母语的人来学习对我来说很重要。(It isadj.for sb. to do .)I badly need to improve my oral English, so it_is_very_important_for_me_to_find_a_native_English_speaker_to_learn_from. 3(2018全国卷书面表达)说到餐桌礼仪，即使你不习惯，吃饭时也要小声说话。(even if)Speaking of table manners, keep your voice low during the meal even_if_you_are_not_used_to_it.(二)课堂重点释疑短语集释1e up走近；上来；发芽；发生；被提出；(太阳、月亮等)升起辨清写出下列句中e up的含义(2015湖北高考)A gentleman at the office came up and patted Jasons shoulder fondly. “Youre just the boy I am looking for.”走近As soon as the project came up at the meeting, it attracted many peoples attention.被提出When the moon came up, the young people began their celebration.升起I planted some seeds in the yard.But they failed to e up.发芽Alvin, are you ing with us?Id love to, but something unexpected has e up.发生记牢e up with想出；提出e across (偶然)遇见；发现；被理解e to 总计；达到when it es to . 当谈到练通选用上述短语填空Specialists can e_up_with new ways to solve the problem of air pollution.When we read newspapers, we often e_across such English words as “AIDS” and “PK”用准e up的主语是物，表示“(计划、建议、方案等)被提出”，为不及物动词短语，不能用于被动语态；而e up with主语是人或团体组织，表示“(某人)提出”，为及物动词短语。写美补全句子(2016四川高考书面表达)当谈到我最喜欢的季节时，我立刻会想到春天。When_it_es_to_the_season_I_like_best,_spring will always occur to me in no time. 2make use of利用；使用记牢充分利用(2)e into use 开始被使用be of (great) use (很)有用It is no use/useless doing sth. 做某事是没用的练通单句语法填空There is no denying that the Internet is of great use in our daily life.As you know, its no use plaining (plain) without taking action.His success lies in the use that/which he can make of every chance to improve himself.句式升级We must make full use of every minute to go over our lessons, for the final examination is ing.Full_use_must_be_made_of_every_minute_to_go_over_our_lessons,_for the final examination is ing.(用full use作主语)用准make use of 短语的构成特点为：动词名词介词； 需要关注两种考查方式：(1)把use提前，使用被动语态；(2)把use提前用作先行词，其后接定语从句。写美补全句子(2018全国卷书面表达)每天下课后，我们学生和老师们都充分利用这个体育馆做运动。We students as well as our teachers make good use of the gymnasium to do sports after class every day.句式集释1more . than . “与其说倒不如说”教材原句It was based more on German than the English we speak at present.悟拓展例句(1)She was more_sad_than_angry when her son lied.当她的儿子撒谎时，与其说她生气倒不如说她伤心。(2)Fishing is more_than a sport; its an art.钓鱼不只是一项运动，它也是一门艺术。(3)Its a beautiful cottage not_more_than five minutes from the nearest beach.那是一座漂亮的小屋，离最近的海滩不超过5分钟的路程。析用法规则用法归纳(1)more than数词或从句超过more than形容词 非常more than名词 不只是；不仅是(2)no more than 只不过；仅仅not more than 不超过；至多注意事项more . than .结构强调more后面的内容，表示同一个人或事物的两种特征对比。more和than后接两个并列成分。背写作佳句(1)(2015重庆高考写作)Learning that you are organizing this activity to share books worldwide, I am more than happy to apply for it.(开头句)(2)(2015湖南高考写作)I made such great progress in English that my teacher praised me, saying that I was more diligent than clever.(要点句)2no such单数名词，意为“没有这样的”教材原句Believe it or not, there is no_such_thing_as standard English.悟拓展例句(1)There is no_such_thing_as failure. Failure is just life trying to move us in another direction.世上没有失败，失败只不过是生活试图将我们推向另一个方向罢了。(2)He was so responsible a teacher that we were all deeply moved.He was such_a_responsible_teacher_that_we were all deeply moved.(3)Ive never heard such_stories_as he told.我从未听过像他讲的那样的故事。析用法规则用法归纳(1)no such单数名词as .“没有像这样的” (2)such与a/an连用时要放在a/an的前面；与all, no, some, any, few, little, many, much, several, one等词连用时，应位于它们的后面。(3)suchthat . “如此以至于”(4)such . as .“像这样的”，as 在句中引导定语从句。注意事项“no such单数名词”结构中单数名 词前不可再加冠 词，相当于“not such a(n)单数名词”。背写作佳句(1)As we know, theres no such thing as a free lunch in the world.(开头句)(2)(2015安徽高考书面表达)I would also like to know how he felt in space and whether space travel is such great fun as I have read.(要点句)词块、句式过关综合训练 .选词填空e up， because of， at present， make use of， the number of， such as， believe it or not， more than1They tried their best to make_use_of the chance that their school offered to study hard.2At_present,_there is no way of predicting what the longterm effects of the explosion will be.3It is partly because_of_her sick mother that she hasnt taken the job abroad.4The question which came_up at the meeting was whether we had enough money.5Im more_than happy to take you there in my car.Youre so nice. Thank you.6Believe_it_or_not,_we were left waiting in the rain for two hours.7Its more useful to learn modern languages, such_as English and German, than Latin.8The_number_of road accidents and the deaths arising from those accidents has increased over the past year.根据提示补全句子/句型转换1即便你读起英语来很容易，你会发现用英语进行会话是另一回事。(even if)Even_if_you_read_English_easily,_youll find it is another cup of tea to make conversation in English.2他们没有回家，与其说我担心倒不如说我生气。(more .than .)I was more_angry_than_worried when they didnt e home.3When I heard what the headteacher said, I was very glad and my heart beat wildly.Hearing_what_the_headteacher_said,_I was more_than glad and my heart beat wildly.(分词作状语；高频词汇升级)4The book is written in such easy English as beginners can understand.The book is written in_such_easy_English_that beginners can understand it.(that引导结果状语从句).读后续写写作技法指导一、题型特点1总体特征读后续写的阅读材料一般为350词左右的记叙文。考生要在此文的后面接着续写约150词左右的文字与前文构成一个完整的故事。一般来说，记叙文故事情节多曲折动人，故事的逻辑性也较强。阅读材料虽然不是一篇完整的文章，但是它浅显易懂，内容延伸性强。要求考生续写的部分多是故事发展的高潮或结局。2主要类别续写一般分为两类：半开放性续写和完全开放性续写。半开放性续写要求考生务必根据文章的逻辑推理进行续写。完全开放性续写则要求考生依据文章的思路自由发挥。3具体要求续写的具体要求：一是要注意词数限制在150词左右，且分两段，这两段中各段的词数多少没有限定。二是原文中给出约10处下划线的关键词语，考生务必使用至少5处。这一要求可使考生在不知道如何表达时，模仿阅读材料中的语言表达，使续写部分与原材料的语言风格接近，内容连贯。三是要注意续写时使用的时态要与原阅读材料中的时态一致。二、注意事项及续写步骤(一)注意事项1读后续写不是随心所欲地写，而是要在所给段落开头语和所标示关键词语的帮助下完成续写部分。其中，段落开头语与传统写作中的开头语类似，在某种程度上引导你的思路向哪方面发展，所续写部分不能脱离各自的段落开头语另起炉灶，要在其基础上进行拓展发挥。写作时还规定至少使用5个短文中标有下划线的关键词语，这些关键词语类似于传统写作中的要点提示。2续写所给语言材料多是记叙文之故事类文章，情节曲折跌宕，线索性和逻辑性较强。考生要抓住故事的叙事线索，依据原文的写作思路续写文章，并适当发散。3读后续写要求读写并重，需要考生对给定材料精确理解，这样所续写部分才不至于偏离主题。 4续写部分的思路和内容并不一定是唯一的，考生可以根据自己对上文材料的理解，对文章的结尾做出不同的诠释。(二)续写步骤第一步：速读全文速读阅读材料和写作要求，了解文章大意，推断叙述意图。1记叙类文章的文本大意(main idea)指文本的主要内容，即围绕主要人或物描述的主要事件及其结果。2记叙类文章的叙述意图(purpose)指作者通过文本主要内容传递给读者的信息，可以是情，也可以是理。第二步：细读全文1为了使续写部分和给定材料共同构成一个逻辑衔接、情节完整的短文，必须在文本大意和叙述意图的统领下分析所给文本的情景模式，即who, what, when, where, why(简称5W)。2分析情景模式，从5W的角度梳理所给短文的主要内容，即已经发生了什么，为续写的情节构思提供依据与方向，避免与所给短文的主旨及情景模式发生冲突。3给原文中标有下划线的单词或短语分类。为了使续写部分的情节构思有依据，所给短文大都提供10个带有下划线的关键词语。大多数关键词语和续写部分情景模式有关，表示时间、地点、人/物等。第三步：精心谋篇分析首句，谋篇布局。以原文结尾为起点，分析两段所给出的首句开头，进行初步的谋段构思，得出各段的主旨大意，并预测故事的结局。根据确定好的段落大意，选出每一段可能要用到的原文中带下划线的关键词语。结合这些关键词语，确定每一段的写作要点。第四步：初写成文按照第三步谋篇时确定好的写作要点进行初次写作。写作时要注意所用的人称和时态要与原材料一致。另外，还要注意尽可能地减少表达上的语法错误。如果遇到语言上的表述困难，可多参考原阅读材料中的有关语句。第五步：润色升级初写成文后，要对文章进行升级提升，用亮点词汇代替一般词汇，用高级句式代替一般句式。第六步：复查定稿完成续写后，考生要根据以下几点做好复查。1续写部分与所给短文及段落开头语的衔接程度。2内容的丰富性和对所标出关键词语的使用情况。3应用语法结构和词汇的丰富性和准确性。4续写部分与所给短文在内容上的连贯性与一致性。经典案例示法阅读下面短文，根据所给情节进行续写，使之构成一个完整的故事。Just the other day, I was walking around in a Big Bazaar store doing some shopping when I saw a cashier talking to a boy who couldnt have been more than 5 or 6 years old. The cashier said, “Im sorry, but you dont have enough_money to buy this doll.” Then the little boy turned to me, almost with tears in his eyes.I bent down and counted his cash, saying, “You know that you dont have enough money for the doll, my dear.” However, the boy was still holding the doll in his hands very firmly (牢牢地). It was clear that he wanted it very much. Finally, I asked him who he wished to give this doll to. “Its the doll that my little_sister loved most and wanted so much. I want to buy it for her. I have to give the doll to my mommy so that she can give it to my sister when she goes there.” His eyes were again so sad while telling me this.“My sister has gone to be with God. Daddy says that Mommy is going to see God very soon too, so I think she can take the doll with her to give it to my sister.” My heart nearly stopped. The little boy looked up at me and said, “I told my dad to ask Mommy not to go yet. I need her to wait until I e back from the mall.” Then he showed me a very nice photo of him. He said, “I want Mommy to take my picture with her so that my sister wont forget me. I love my mommy and I wish she wont leave me, but Dad says she has to go to see my little sister.”注意：1.所续写短文的词数应为150左右；2至少使用5个短文中标有下划线的关键词语；3续写部分分为两段，每段的开头语已为你写好；4续写完成后，请用下划线标出你所使用的关键词语。Paragraph 1：Then the little boy looked again at the doll very quietly. Paragraph 2：
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