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第二步通览全局，写作分类突破第一讲如何写概要一、题型特点读写任务型作文的写作内容一般分为两个部分，即写作内容一为概括短文大意，以及写作内容二，就某个主题发表看法。“读写任务”是“读”和“写”的有机结合，“读”的材料是为了后面的“写”提供情景；同样，“写”也是对“读”的材料的思考和延伸。二、写作技巧1.写作步骤摘要通常要求写30词左右，一般由“主题句支撑句”构成。写作时可按以下步骤进行。(1)寻找关键词。文章的关键词可结合写作内容中的“就”主题发表自己的看法的要求来确定。如，要求你“以约120词讲述一次你(或你的朋友)想家的经历”，那么所阅读的文章的主题词就应是homesick。(2)确定主题句。文章的主题句首先可通过所给阅读材料的标题来确定，阅读材料的标题即是文章的论点或主题句。没有标题的文章，我们就应注意第一段(总起段)和最后一段(总结段)，或每一段的第一句或第二句(总起句)和最后一句(总结句)。没有主题句的需要自己根据段落大意进行总结。(3)重构主题句。主题句要能概括全文中心，并能涵盖后面支撑句的所有内容。(4)重组支撑句。支撑句的意义在逻辑上受制于主题句，对主题句进行补充或者提供证据。2.概括的形式：“主题句支撑句”即“主题主题的什么”文体主题句支撑句议论文文章论点文章论据记叙文故事的写作目的/主题故事大意说明文说明的对象/观点/现象解释/分述名师点津写概要时不要照搬原文中的句子，而必须用自己的话来转述。概括可采用总分的形式，即第一句话是主题句，清楚明白地告诉读者文章的主要内容(这句话举足轻重)，后面的句子对主题句进行解释和支撑，主题之外的内容要毫不吝啬地予以剔除。【典例示范】 请阅读下面短文，并按照要求用英语写一篇150词左右的文章。(江苏卷)When we read newspapers, we often e across such English words as“AIDS” and “PK.” When we watch TV, we frequently hear words like “NBA” or “PM2.5.” When we speak, we automatically use words like “OUT” or “Bye-bye.” English words and expressions like these are getting popular. They have already bee part of our daily language. And 239 English words have been included in the latest Dictionary of Contemporary Chinese.The inclusion has started a heated discussion. A group of scholars signed a letter of plaint over the inclusion of these English words, which, they think, goes against Chinese language policies. They not only worry that Chinese is borrowing an increasing number of English words but are also concerned that the inclusion may hurt the dignity of the Chinese language. However, others are in favor of the inclusion because it is hard to say whether it will threaten the Chinese language. They believe the selection is mostly a result of their function and use in daily life.写作内容1.用约 30 个单词写出上文概要；2.用约 120 个单词发表你的观点，内容包括：(1)支持或反对汉语词典收录英语词汇；(2)用 23个理由或论据支撑你的观点。写作要求1.可以支持文中任一观点，但必须提供理由或论据；2.阐述观点或提供论据时，不能直接引用原文语句；3.作文中不能出现真实姓名和学校名称；4.不必写标题。评分标准内容完整，语言规范，语篇连贯，词数适当。参考范文1Today, more and more English words find their way into the Chinese language. Even the Dictionary of Contemporary Chinese includes 239 English words. Some people support it while others do not.参考范文2With English words getting popular in both media and daily life, a Chinese dictionary has included 239 of them, leaving the public divided into two opposing groups: “For” and “Against.” 能力提升练1阅读下面的短文，然后以约30个词概括下文的主要内容。(2018江苏张家港市模拟)John was traveling by ship to Europe when a terrible storm came. A great leak was filling the ship with water. No matter how hard the sailors and passengers worked at the pumps, the water was still rising. The ship was sinking fast. There seemed to be no hope. But the captain told them not to give up hope. He said that there was hope so long as the ship remained above water. He promised that if they didnt give up hope, he would land them safely. The captains powerful will moved them all. In the end he did land them safely.After they landed, John found the captain to show his appreciation. But to his surprise, the captain said to him that he was the boy of 30 years ago who bought a geography book in his bookstore.John suddenly thought of the boy.At that time the boy didnt have enough money, but he had gone from shop to shop and believed he could get what he wanted. Finally, he made it. Now, it was the same willpower of him that saved the lives of all the passengers.参考范文In the story, a captain always insisted on doing something, even when he was a little boy. In one voyage, it was just his willpower that made him save all the passengers lives.能力提升练2阅读下面短文，然后以约30个词概括下文的主要内容。(2018江苏盐城阜宁一中学情调研)Students in China spend a lot of time learning English. But most of them cannot use it to municate. Some experts think the reason lies in the testing system, because the current English testing system in China puts too much pressure on students to get high marks and pay no attention to the development of their overall(全面的) language abilities. Considering this, recently many experts are calling for reforms(改革) of the English language testing system to make it more effectively to develop actual language abilities. They say changes are necessary for the development of the national English education system.参考范文Recently, the topic of whether English test system should be changed has caused a heated discussion. Many people think the current testing system prevents students from developing overall language abilities and therefore argue for a reform.能力提升练3阅读下面短文，然后以约30个词概括下文的主要内容。(2018江苏盐城市高三联考)Chen Yifan, the student from a local senior high school, hit a BMW car parking along the street when he was passing by on a bicycle on February 4, leaving the rearview mirror broken and several scratches over the body of the car.Chen left a letter of apology to the car owner, together with an envelope of 311 yuan he had earned from part-time jobs during the winter holiday. He put them at the inside of a door handle.The car owner surnamed Xue found the letter and cash the next day and got so touched by Chens honesty. With the help of local police Xue located the student on February 10 in the hope of returning the money. He told the police that he also wants to fund Chens education if the family cannot afford it.On February 11, Chens mother, after knowing what her son had done, voluntarily contacted Xue trying to pensate for the repair of 13，000 yuan. But Xue turned her down firmly.The next day, Xues daughter visited Chens family with a grant of 10，000 yuan for his education.参考范文Chen Yifan and his mom decided to pay all they could afford for pensation after Chen accidentally bumped into a parked BMW. Moved by his deed, the car owner declined and offered to sponsor Chens education.
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