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Unit 1 Festivals around the world一、阅读理解Friendship is one of the basic bonds between human beings. While the characteristics of friendship might vary from one country to another, people from all cultures not only enjoy friends but need them.Many studies have shown that teenagers who have no friends often suffer from psychological disorders. It has been shown that teenagers, perhaps more than any other age group, need panionship and a sense of belonging. The negative consequences of loneliness have also been observed among the elderly. The death of a spouse often leaves a widow or a widower totally bereft. If, however, they are surrounded by friends and relatives and if they are able to express their feelings, they are more likely to recover from their grief.“No man is an island.” In other words, we are all parts of society. We all need the love, admiration, respect and moral support of other people. If we are fortunate, our friends will provide us with all of these necessary aspects of life.As most people observe, there are many levels of friendship. The degree or intensity of friendship varies depending on the personality of the individuals involved and the context of the relationships. Outgoing persons enjoy being surrounded by many people whereas shy persons are perhaps content with fewer but more intense friendships.Everyone is not equally open with all their friends. The degree of closeness is determined by many factors. Close friends can be formed at any stage in ones life but they are usually very rare. Not very many people have more than a few really close friends. Regardless of the level of closeness, all friendships are based on reciprocity (互惠), honesty and a certain amount of love and affection.1.Who are more likely to suffer from psychological disorders without friends?A. Teenagers.B. Adults.C. The elderly.D.A couple.2.What does the sentence “No man is an island” really mean?A. No man is willing to live on an island.B. Man usually doesnt go to an islandC. Everyone is related with our society.D. Our society is just like an island.3.What can we learn about outgoing people?A. They like being alone.B. They are fond of making friends.C. They have intense friendships.D. They have fewer close friends indeed4.What does the last paragraph mainly talk about?A. The formation of close friends.B. The number of real friends.C. Honesty, love and affection.D. Factors to determine the degree of closeness.【文章大意】本文是一篇议论文。主要讨论讲述的是友谊的重要性。不论是青少年还是老年人，都需要朋友的陪伴。没有人是孤立的，每个人都是社会的一部分，都需要他人的爱、陪伴和关心。人人需要友谊，需要归属感。1.A 【解析】细节理解题。根据第二段首句“Many studies have shown that teenagers who have no friends often suffer from psychological disorders.”可知，没有朋友的青少年更可能遭受精神疾病。故选A。3.B 【解析】细节理解题。根据倒数第二段尾句“Outgoing persons enjoy being surrounded by many people whereas shy persons are perhaps content with fewer but more intense friendships.”可在，外向的人喜欢交朋友。故选B。4.D 【解析】段落大意题。通读最后一段可知，本段讲述亲密程度是由许多因素决定的，不管亲密程度如何，友谊都是建立在互惠，真诚，爱和情感的基础上的。二、单句语法填空1(2017北京高考)Samuel, the tallest boy in our class, _ easily reach the books on the top shelf.答案：can此处表示能力，要用can。2I think you should apologize to your brother _your rudeness.答案：forapologize to sb. for sth. “因为某事向某人道歉”。3It is surprising that there are still many people in the world _(starve) to death each year.答案：starvingstarve to death “饿死”，people和starve在逻辑上存在主谓关系，故要用starve的现在分词形式，作后置定语。4No official _(permit) has been given for the event to take place.答案：permissionofficial permission “官方许可”，在句中是名词短语作主语。5Forgive others, and you _(forgive)答案：will be forgiven本句是“祈使句，and sb. will do .”句式，本句中forgive和you存在逻辑上的动宾关系，应用被动语态。6The story reminds me _an unforgettable experience I once had.答案：ofremind sb. of sth. “使某人想到某事”。7Contrary to the popular belief _classical music is too plex, it achieves a simplicity that only a genius can create.答案：that句中belief为一抽象名词，其后接由that连接的同位语从句进一步解释说明belief。8Id like to express my _(admire) for the courage and unplaining spirit of the firefighters.答案：admiration由空前的人称代词my可知，此处应用名词admiration “敬佩”。9_was obvious to everyone that the child had been badly treated.答案：ItIt is obvious that . “很明显”。10The judge _(award) him $1,000 in damages.答案：awardedaward在句中是谓语动词，意为“裁定；判给”。三、完形填空阅读下列短文，从短文后各题所给的A、B、C和D四个选项中，选出可能填入空白处的最佳选项。Mildred Webinga Freeman was an English teacher at the new middle school I attended in the ninth grade.She wasnt my _1_；she was the adviser to the safety patrol(巡逻队)on which I _2_.I loved being around her and _3_ her sense of humor and kind personality.She was _4_ a good listener.At the end of the year，she _5_ that she was moving to Florida，and I was very sad.We exchanged _6_ and became pen pals.I could tell her _7_，and she treated me _8_ respect even though I was a teenager.In Florida，Mrs.Freeman became a Realtor(房地产经纪人), _9_ she managed to find time to write letters.She wrote _10_ stories and always took my concerns _11_.She had given me a(n) _12_ invitation to visit，and I missed her so much.When I _13_ to take her up on the _14_ ，she answered，“Get your shoes on and your bags _15_ ！You are wele anytime！”I spent three weeks with her in Miami.Her _16_ of poetry，music，and creative writing _17_ me to follow these endeavors(努力)One day _18_ hanging sheets on the clothesline，she _19_ and said，“You know，the sky is fuel for the soul.”I had never looked at the _20_ before hearing those words.Two years later，I received a call that Mrs.Freeman had passed away.1A.mother BfriendCclassmate Dteacher2A.served BadvisedCexpected Dled3A.shared BenjoyedCimagined Dfound4A.never BjustCstill Dalso5A.knew BannouncedCthought Drealized6A.addresses BgiftsCviews Droles7A.many BmuchCeverything Dsomething8A.in BasCwith Dto9A.so BbutCor Dfor10A.amusing BdifferentCemotional Dordinary11A.immediately BcarefullyCseriously Dprivately12A.urgent BluckyCambiguous Dopen13A.decided BhesitatedCwrote Dhurried14A.offer BpromiseCexcuse Dmessage15A.bought BfoundCfilled Dpacked16A.love BdreamCsense Dfeeling17A.persuaded BencouragedCforced Dallowed18A.before BonceCwhile Dafter19A.looked over Blooked outClooked up Dlooked down20A.clouds BflowersCpeople Dhouses【解题导语】本文主要讲述了作者在中学期间和一名英语老师之间的故事。【核心词汇】adviser n顾问pen pal笔友concern n担心的事，关切的事1D根据上文中的“Mildred Webinga Freeman was an English teacher at the new middle school I attended in the ninth grade”和空后的“she was the adviser to the safety patrol(巡逻队)”可推知，Mildred Webinga Freeman不是作者的老师(teacher)，下文中的“and became pen pals”也是提示。2A根据语境并结合选项可知，作者当时也在巡逻队里。serve“为工作”。3B根据空前的“I loved being around her”可知，作者喜欢(enjoyed)老师的幽默感和善良的品质。4D根据上文中的“an English teacher”和“the adviser”可知，本句是对这位老师身份的补充说明。她也(also)是一个好的倾听者。5B根据语境可知，老师宣布(announced)了一个消息，她要搬到佛罗里达州了，作者感到很伤心。6A根据上文中的“At the end of the year, she _5_ that she was moving to Florida”和空后的“and became pen pals”可推知，作者和老师互换了地址(addresses)，成了笔友。7C根据上文中的“and became pen pals”与空后的“she treated me _8_ respect even though I was a teenager”可推知，作者与老师无话不谈，这与上文作者乐于和老师相处的背景呼应。故选C。8C固定搭配：treat sb.with sth.意为“以某种态度/方式对待某人”，符合语境，故选C。9B根据空后的“she managed to find time to write letters”可推知，上下文表示转折关系。故选B。10A根据上文中的“I loved being around her and _3_ her sense of humor and kind personality”可推知，老师很幽默，总是给作者讲一些好笑的(amusing)故事。11Ctake sb./sth.seriously为固定搭配，意为“认真对待某人/某事”。老师认真对待作者所关切的事情。12D根据下文中的“You are wele anytime”可推知，老师欢迎作者随时来访，an open invitation为习语，意为“随时可以来访的邀请”，符合语境，故选D。urgent“急迫的”；ambiguous“模棱两可的”。13C根据上文中的“We exchanged _6_ and became pen pals”可推知，作者写信(wrote)告诉老师，他接受她的提议(offer)。14A参见上题解析。offer“提供，提议”。15D因为作者要去看望老师，因此老师建议作者收拾行李(packed)，随时欢迎作者的到来。16A老师对诗歌、音乐和文学创作的热爱(love)激励(encouraged)着作者去努力。17B参见上题解析。18C一天，当老师正在把床单挂在晒衣绳上的时候，她抬头看(looked up)到了天空而有所感悟。while“当时”。19C参见上题解析。20A根据上文中的“You know, the sky is fuel for the soul”并结合选项可知，当时老师看了天空，此处指的应是天上的云(clouds)。四、单句改错1The festival of Halloween had its origin as an event in the memory of the dead._答案：去掉memory前的thein memory of “为了纪念”。2Dont worry. Im sure your missing glasses will turn out sooner or later._答案：outupturn up “出现；露面”。turn out “证明是；结果是”。3Its possible to hold your breathe for two minutes in practice._答案：breathebreathbreathe是动词，意为“呼吸”，breath是名词，hold ones breath意为“屏住呼吸”。4The Internet gives people the chance to have the information they look forward to delivering to them quickly and cheaply._答案：deliveringdelivered句中“they look forward to”是定语从句，先行词是information。have the information delivered “传递/发送信息”。5Word came the president would be shown around our school._答案：came后加thatWord came that . “消息传来说”。that引导的是同位语从句，虽无意义但是不能省略。五、七选五根据短文内容，从短文后的选项中选出能填入空白处的最佳选项。选项中有两项为多余选项。(2018成都市高中毕业班第二次诊断性检测)Do you know that intelligence can be developed? Do you realize it doesnt matter how smart you are but how hard you can work to grow？_1_ In her book，Mindset: The New Psychology of Success, Carol Dweck shares years of research conducted to prove its not just talent that determines success but whether we approach a situation with the right mindset.Having a growth mindset has many，many benefits._2_ Having a growth mindset encourages you to not look at a deficit(不足额)as a deficit in ability but one of learning and that is one which can easily be achieved.This naturally has an impact on your sense of selfworth.Enjoy the process of learning.With a growth mindset，you look forward to acquiring new skills and absorbing new knowledge.You realize that everything that you learn can help you improve and bee a better person._3_ Increase your confidence.According to Dweck and her fellow researchers“.in the growth framework，having clear deficits doesnt mean you arent or wont be good at something.Its simply an occasion for learning._4_ You just need to believe in improvement over time.”Dont get confused by setbacks(挫折)When you have a growth mindset，you dont view a setback as something that sets you back._5_ Dweck shares，“Despite setbacksor even because of themthey find ways to keep themselves mitted and interested.”ASeek challenges.BImprove your sense of selfworth.CSo you should never ignore the importance of learning.DIt can affect all areas of your life，from business to love.EYou view it as an opportunity to get better，and stronger.FMoreover，you dont need a full load of confidence to set about learning.GIf so，youre one of the fortunate few who are blessed with a growth mindset.【解题导语】本文是一篇议论文，论述了主题：成功不仅仅是靠天赋，而是靠后天的努力和成长的心态。1G根据空处后一句“In her book，Mindset：The New Psychology of Success，Carol Dweck shares years of research conducted to prove its not just talent that determines success but whether we approach a situation with the right mindset”可知，Carol Dweck在她的书中分享了多年的研究来证明：决定成功的不仅仅是天赋，而是我们是否用正确的心态来处理事情；该句中的“the right mindset”和G项中的“a growth mindset”相匹配，故G项正确。2B空处为第二段的主题句，根据该段尾句“This naturally has an impact on your sense of selfworth”可知，该段主要介绍提高自我价值感的建议，故B项正确。3C根据空处前一句“You realize that everything that you learn can help you improve and bee a better person”可知，你意识到你所学到的所有东西都能帮助你进步，让你成为一个更好的人，该句说明了学习的重要性，故C项与此处匹配。4F根据该段主题句“Increase your confidence”可知，该段主要介绍提高自信心的建议，F项中的“confidence”与此处匹配，故F项正确。5E根据语境可知，当你有成长的心态，就不会把挫折看成阻碍，而是看作让你变得更好、更强的机会，故E项正确。
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