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Unit 13 语法篇 _1. 复习现在进行时、used to句型、被动语态、现在完成时和情态动词现在进行时（1）含义：表示正在发生或进行的动作。（2）基本结构：主语 + be + 现在分词（be 的形式随主语的变化而变化）（3）基本用法：表示现在正在进行的动作。特征：常常与now或具体的时间连用，有时句中会有感官动词来提示，或通过上下文来暗示。表示现阶段一直进行的动作。这类动词常常是延续性动词。常于at present, this week, these days等连用。表示主语的特征、性格、能力等。现在完成时（1）含义：表示过去发生的动作对现在还有影响。（2）基本结构：主语 + have / has + 过去分词（3）基本用法：表示过去发生的动作，但强调对现在产生影响。特征：不能与表示具体的时间状语连用。表示过去发生的动作或存在的状态一直延续到现在，还可能继续下去。常常与since, for, in the past + 时间名词，in the last +时间名词等时间状语连用，而且谓语动词要求是延续性动词。表示一种“经历或体验”，即可以表示经历过也可以是从来都没有经历过。被动语态初中阶段我们学习了七种被动结构，归纳如下：（1）一般现在时是被动语态：am / is / are + 过去分词（2）现在完成时的被动式： have / has + been + 过去分词（3）现在进行时的被动式：am/ is/ are + being + 过去分词（4）一般过去时的被动式：was / were + 过去分词（5）过去进行时的被动式：was / were + being + 过去分词（6）过去完成时的被动式：had + been + 过去分词（7）一般将来时的被动式：will / be going to be+ 过去分词（8）含有情态动词的被动式：情态动词+be +动词的过去分词。情态动词情态动词表示说话人对某一动作或状态的态度，如认为“可能”、“应当”、“必要”等。情态动词本身有一定的意义，但不能单独作谓语，也没有人称和数的变化。后面一般跟动词原形。used to 结构used to意为“过去常常做某事”，指的是过去的习惯性动作，目的在于与现在形成对照。used to是个情态动词，其中的to是不定式符号，后面跟动词原形。在美式英语中。它的疑问式是：Did 主语use to do sth？否定式是：主语didnt use。在英式英语中，它的疑问式应当是：Used 主语to sth？否定式应当是used not to或use（d）nt to。 He used to stay up late. 他过去常熬到很晚。1.(xx湖北宜昌)At present, one of the best ways to study is working in groups. More chances _ to students to learn from each other. A. offer B. are offered C. have offered D. are offering 2. (xx湖北随州)How does Jack usually go to work?He _ drive a car, but now he _ there to lose weight.A. used to; is used to walk B. was used to; is used to walkingC. was used to; is used to walk D. used to; is used to walking3.He promised to pick me up at the school gate. However, he _ yet.A. didnt arrive B. doesnt arrive C. isnt arriving D. hasnt arrived4. Ba Jin, one of the greatest writers in China, _ as “Peoples Writer”.A. is regarded B. has regarded C. is regarding D. regards5. May I go out now, Dad? No. You _ let your mother know first. A. can B. may C. need D. Must解析：1.B 主语more chances是动作的承受者，所以用被动语态。2. A used to do sth. 意为“过去常常做某事”；be used to doing sth. 意为“习惯于做某事”；句意：Jack如何去上班？他过去常开车，但是现在他习惯步行去上班以便减肥。3.D“他还没有出现”表示从过去某个时间开始持续到现在状态，应当用现在完成时。4. A 句子的主语Ba Jin是动作的承受者，应当用被动语态。 5. D must 意为“必须”；句意：你必须先让你妈知道。 基础演练I.用所给词的适当形式填空。1. The old man used _ (be) a teacher. 2. We should _ (clean) the room every day. 3. Look! Tom _ (sleep) in his room. 4. Lots of trees _ (plant) on the hill every year. 5. He _ (live) here for 20 years. II.句型转换。 1.They hope they can visit the Great Wall one day. (改为同义句) They hope _ _ the Great Wall one day.2. She can speak both English and French. (改为同义句) She can speak _ _ English _ _ French.3. Lily used to play the violin.（改为否定句）Lily _ _ _ play the violin.4. My father doesnt allow me to use his computer. (改为被动语态)Im _ _ _ _ his computer by my father.5. All my classmates left ten minutes ago. (改为同义句)All my classmates _ _ _ for ten minutes.答案：I.1.to be 2. clean 3. is sleeping 4. are planted 5. has lived II.1. to visit 2.not only; but also 3.didnt use to 4.not allowed to use 5.have been away巩固提高I.单项选择1. He likes watching the children _ football.A. playB. to play C. playing D. plays2. Most of the young people can hardly speak any Chinese, _?A. can heB. cant he C. can theyD. cant they3. They _ to Tibet many times.A. are B. were C. have been D. has been4. They _ a hit CD in the last six months.A. make B. made C. was made D. have made5. My friend from America called me yesterday. We _ for hours.A.chat B. chatted C. have chatted D. had chatted4. Where is Tom? -He _ playing basketball on the playground.A. is seen B. saw C. be seen D. was seen6.Many old houses around our school will be _ down next year and a large green area will appear. Athrown BpulledCbroken Dput7.TheOlympicGames_everyfouryears.A.areheldB.wereheldC. areholdingD. willho1d 8.Usuallycomputers_tosearchtheInternet. A.useB.areusingC.areusedD.used9.Itisreportedthatmorenewteachingbuildings_inourschoolinthe nextterm.A.willbebuiltB.wasbuiltC.hasbuiltD.willbuild10.Dontdiscusstheproblemswithyourpartnerunlessyou_todoso.A.askB.areaskedC.willaskD.willbeaskedII.句型转换。1. “Dont park your car here,” the man told me.(改为间接引语) The man told me _ _ _ my car here.2. Tom left Shanghai two weeks ago because of his new job. (改为同义句)Tom _ _ _ from Shanghai two weeks ago because of his new job.3. He has cleaned the room. (改为被动句)The room _ _ _ by him.4. Loud music makes me want to leave. (改为被动句)I _ _ _ want to leave by loud music.5.I have already finished my homework. (改为否定句) I _ _ my homework _.答案：I.BACAB ACCDBII.1.not to park 2. has been away 3.has been cleaned 4.am made to 5.havent finished; yetI.单项选择1.Where is Tom? He _ in his room. A. is reading B. readsC. read D. was reading 2. Her son _ Coke, but now he _ milk.A. used to drink ; is used to drinking B. used to drinking ; drinksC. is used to drinking ; used to drink D. is used to drink ; is drinking3.My alarm clock doesnt work. It needs _. A. to be repaired B. repairC. to repair D. for repairing 4. His death was _ by a high fever. A. spread B. causedC. got D. showed 5. His mother _ a worker in that factory. A. used to be B.usedC. used to beingD. used be 6. Your classroom is very clean.Sure. It _ after school every day.A. is cleaned B. cleans C. cleaned D. is cleaning7. Hes never stolen anything before, _he? _. Its his second time to be taken to the police station. A. hasnt; Yes B. has; Yes C. has; NoD. is; No 8. Were you at home 7 oclock last night?-Yes, I _ a shower at that time.A. took B. was taking C. was taken D. an taking9. How do they deal with the dangerous building? -The building_ now.A. is pulled down B. pulled down C. is being set up D. set up10. Have you ever _ Jin Yong?-Of course, a very famous writer, and he once studied in Quzhou.A. heard B. hearing C. heard of D. heard from11. How outing Rita is! -So she I, But she _ very shy.A. wasnt B. is C. used to be D. has become12. I am waiting for my mom. _ , Ill go shopping with her.A. If she doesnt come B. If she comes C. If she will come D. If she wont comeII.完形填空 How did we help to save our earth this week? Let me tell you. First, my family tried to save electricity (电). We never left the lights 1when leaving the room.We 2 the TV when nobody was watching it. Mum only used cold water in the washing machine.Second, we started recycling this week. We tried to write on 3of our paper, but not just on one side.We also divided our rubbish into 4bags for bottles, paper and food. Mum kept the plastic shopping bagsfrom the supermarket to use them again as rubbish bags.Third, my family started to save 5. We stopped 6long baths and had short showers (淋浴) 7. We washed toilet with used water. Mum and dad used less water to do the washing. My sister and I didnt leavethe tap (龙头) running when we brushed our teeth.At last, mum and dad began to save gas (汽油). Mum used to 8us to school, but now my sister and I started riding our bikes to school. Its hard work 9 exercise!This week dad and a few of the people in his company also started to go to work in one car and sharethe 10.These are great ways to help protect our environment.1. A. out B. on C. off D. behind2. A. turned up B. turned on C. turned down D. turned off 3. A. any side B. all sidesC. neither side D. both sides4. A. large B. small C. different D. the same20. A. electricity B. food C. water D. paper21. A. to use B. making C. to have D. taking22. A. again B. instead C. already D. too23. A. drive B. order C. show D. carry24. A. or B. but C. for D. and25. A. pay B. value C. cost D. price答案I.AAABA ABBAC CBII.BDDCCDBABC_I.单项选择1. Riding a bicycle is a good way to exercise and costs _.（江苏单元测试）A. everything B. something C. anything D. nothing2. The number of the endangered animals, for example the tiger, _ by over 40% in the past few years.A. falls B. has fallen C. fell D. will fall3. Many people still eat shark fin soup _ no scientific studies support its healthy food.（江苏单元测试）A. but B. while C. although D. if4. WWF _ a great green organization for many volunteers to protect the animals.（江苏单元测试）A. considers B. is considered C. has considered D. is considering5. I dont think we _ use paper napkins anymore.（江苏单元测试）A. must B. might C. may D. should6. Many famous movie stars are _ playing a part in saving the earth.（江苏单元测试）A. known for B. good for C. full of D. instead of 7. Can you _ the TV, Tom?Im reading.（江苏单元测试） Sorry, mum. Ill do it right away.A. turn on B. turn up C. turn over D. turn down8. I love places _ the people are trying to save their environment.A. that B. which C. who D. where9. We should throw rubbish in the bins and keep our classroom _.A. clean B. to clean C. cleaned D. cleaning10. He went into his room, _ the light and began to work. A. has turned on B. will turn on C. turned on D. turns on11. Where is Linda? She _ a TV program about a missing elephant.A. watches B. will watch C. watched D. is watching12. The _ we care about the earth, the _ our environment will be.A. less; more B. more; better C. less; better D. more; less13. _ people helped with the Clean-up Day last year?A. How much B. How often C. How many D. How far14. Though these bags are made _ old clothes, they are cute and beautiful.A. into B. from C. for D. out15. Can you tell me _ her house out of rubbish?A. when Amy Hayes built B. when did Amy Hayes build C. when does Amy Hayes build D. when Amy Hayes builds16.How do you think of the book? -It is suitable_ children to read because it is full of pictures and educational words.A. to B. at C. for D. with17. We can help to educate the public _ the environment.A. about caring for B. of caring for C. about taking care D. of looking after18. I _ an expensive gift for my birthday, but I could no _ it.A. accepted; received B. received; acceptC. accepted; receive D. accepted; received19. The Changjiang River is about 6,300 kilometers _.A. long B. tall C. wide D. high20. _ years ago, very large animals called dinosaurs _ in some areas of the world.A. Many million; have been living B. Million; had lived C. Several millions of; are alive D. Millions; had lived21. Your new sweater looks beautiful. Is it _ pure wool? -Yes, and its _ Inner Mongolia.A. made by; made in B. made of; made by C. made of; made in D. made from; made from22. Help yourself to more fish. -_. Ive had enough.A. All right B. It doesnt matter C. No, thanks D. The same to you23. Its raining, Daisy. Please _ an umbrella with you. -Thanks. Ill return it to you when I _ next week.A. take; come B. take; will come C. bring; come D. bring; will come 24. Dad, why should I stop _ computer games? -For your health, my boy, Im afraid you _.A. to play; must B. playing; have to C. to play; can D. playing; may25. Jim wants to take part in the torch relay (火炬接力) of the xx Olympic Games. -_.A. So I do B. So do I 7 C. Neither do I D. Nor do III.阅读理解AInstructions（1）Walk more. If youre going someplace close by, take a walk. Youll stay in shape and be living greener.（2）Stay at home. In todays high tech and fast paced society we may get bored easily. Find things to do at home to relax and get back to the basics rather than going out to eat, shopping, or traveling. Try reading a book, bird watching, planting a garden, flowers, or volunteering at a local organization. Youll save money and live greener.（3）Dont waste. Try not to buy or cook more than youll use. Buy items made from recycled material. Recycle your waste. Two thirds of your rubbish should be recyclable.（4）Turn down your thermostat（自动恒温器）and air conditioner. You can save money on heating and cooling bills while helping the environment.（5）Unplug appliances that are not in use. Leaving a radio,computer, hair drier, or other items plugged（插在插座上）in while not in use will still use electricity. Unplug items that are not being used. Youll see your electric bill go down too!（6）Try not to always buy, buy, buy! Make what you have work for you. Are buying something because you need it or because you are bored with what you have?（7）As your light bulbs burn out, replace them with energy efficient（节能的）ones.1. What is NOT the advantage of walking more?A. Keeping a good figure B. Doing exerciseC. Becoming lazier D. Living greener2. Which of the following is true?A. You shouldnt eat at a restaurant but stay at home.B. You could go shopping if you get bored sometimes.C. Most of your rubbish can not be reused or recycled.D. You should know your real need before you buy items.3. Whats the best title for the passage?A. How to Live a Greener Life B. Ways to Cut Down BillsC. Instructions for a Better Life D. How to Save our EarthBThere are many kinds of heroes. Even animals can be heroes. This months newsletter tells about three amazing animals. Each one is a hero!Thumper the DogThumper was a dog that lived with a family which had a three-year-old son named Benjamin. One day Benjamin wandered into a large field. The grass in the field was taller than he was, so he could not find his way out. Hundreds of people began to search for Benjamin. When they found him, they saw Thumper stayed with Benjamin and kept him warm. So Benjamin had stayed safe and calm.Lulu the Pig The Altsmans had a pet pig named Lulu. One summer the couple went camping and took Lulu with them. The husband went fishing one morning. The wife didnt feel well, so she and Lulu stayed in the camper. Suddenly Mrs. Altsman fell to the floor. Lulu pushed the camper door open and climbed out to locate help. When a car came by, she lay down in front of it. When the driver got out, Lulu led him back to the camper. The man called for help and Mrs. Altsman was taken to hospital.Sugar the Cat Sugar was a beautiful cat. Three years ago she wandered onto the Woods farm in California and Mrs. Woods began feeding her. Mrs. Woods noticed something wrong with the cats left leg, but this didnt make Sugar any less special. Mrs. Woods loved Sugar. Later the couple moved to a new farm in Oklahoma. They gave Sugar to a neighbor who would take good care of her, because they knew she wouldnt like riding in cars for days. However, Sugar walked across deserts and mountains and traveled more than 1,500 miles to the Woods new farm! Mr. and Mrs. Woods could hardly believe their eyes. No one knows how Sugar found her way to Oklahoma.1. What is the passage mainly about?A. Lovely pigs. B. Unknown heroes. C. New friends. D. Amazing animals.2. How did Thumper help Benjamin?A. By searching for him in the field. B. By finding the way out for him.C. By staying with him all the time. D. By cutting the grass around him.3. Why did Lulu lie down on the road?A. To get help. B. To watch the cars.C. To have a sleep.D. To ask for a lift.4. What did Sugar do in the story?A. Sugar tried to find help. B. Sugar protected her owners.C. Sugar went camping with her owners. D. Sugar went a long way to find her owners.CCooking Kills Four Million People a YearPolluted airborne particles（大气悬浮颗粒）kill 7 million people a year, reports the World Health Organization. That news may not come as a surprise to anyone who has seen images of chimneys in Beijing, Delhi or Mexico. But those factoriesor even the jammed roadways of modern citiesare not the biggest killer. Each year, some 4.3 million people die earlier than they should because of polluted air inside their homes, says the WHO. Whats causing the air inside peoples homes to be so poisonous that it kills around 11,000 people a day? Stoves. “Having an open fire in your kitchen is like burning 400 cigarettes an hour.” says Kirk Smith, a professor at the University of California at Berkeley, whose research suggests that household air pollution from cooking killed between 3.5 million and 4 million people in xx.Not all stoves cause this kind of harm. The ones Smiths talking about are those that the 3 billion people in the developing world use for heat and cooking, which burn solid fuels such as wood, coal, or crop waste instead of gas. The smoke from those fires produces harmful fine particles and carbon monoxide into homes. Poor ventilation then prevents that smoke from escaping, raising fine particle levels 100 times higher than the limits that the WHO considers acceptable.Breathing this air day in day out finally causes a lot of diseases: more than a third of the 4.3 million die of a stroke, while a quarter die of heart disease. And around one-third of annual lung disease deaths worldwide are due to waste from coal stoves.Exposure tends to be extremely harmful for the people who spend the most time around the fireusually women and young children. In fact, the WHO reports that household air pollution almost doubles the risk for childhood lung disease. 1. According to Kirk Smiths research, _. A. factories are the biggest killer worldwide nowadays
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