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Translation(17),“得”字句的译法,“得”字概述,汉语的结构助词“得”有两种基本用法。一种是置于动词之后,连接补语,表示能力或可能性,如:“我拿得动”。(Icancarryit.)另一种是置于动词或形容词之后,连接补语,表示结果或程度,如“天热得我睡不着觉。”(ItissohotthatIcannotsleep.)“得”字句的补语,类别较多,英译时也较复杂。本讲举例说明汉语“得”字句的几种译法。,一、表示能力或可能性的“得”字句,1.利用英语的情态动词“can(could)”或“tobeableto”a.这个礼堂能坐得下1500人吗?Canthisauditoriumhold1500people?b.他看得出两者的区别。Hewasabletoseethedifferencebetweenthetwo.c.论唱歌谁能比得上他?Whocanmatchhiminsinging?,2.利用带后缀“-able”,“-bile”的形容词a.这些星星是肉眼能看得见的。Therestarsarevisibletothenakedeye.b.这消息靠得住吗?Istheinformationreliable?c.我们都认为他是可以信得过的。Weallthinkhimcredible.,3.利用“tobecapableof”a.他们什么事情都干得出来。Theyarecapableofanything.b.他能搬得动这块石头吗?Ishecapableofmovingthisrock?c.他能担得起大事。Heiscapableofgreatthings.,二、表示结果或程度的“得”字句,1.利用“sothat”a.他高兴得睡不着觉。Hewassoexcitedthathecouldnotfallasleep.b.他说得太快,我们几乎全听不出来他说些什么。Hespokesofastthatfewofuscouldcatchwhathesaid.c.地板霉烂得有许多地方不能再洗刷了。Thefloorswereinsorottenaconditionthatmanyofthemcouldnotbescrubbed.,2.利用“soasto”a.我们动身得早,午前就赶到那里了。Westartedsoearlyastogettherebeforenoon.b.他常常高兴得什么都忘了。Heisoftensohappyastoforgeteverything.c.他壮实得像个年轻人似的。Heissostrongastolooklikeayoungman.,3.利用“suchthat”a.天气热得大家喘不过气来。Itwassuchahotweatherthatpeoplewereoutofbreath.b.我们喊得声音很大,人们立刻前来救援。Weraisedsuchacrythathelpcameatonce.c.差别大得人人都能看得出来。Itissuchagreatdifferencethatallwillperceiveit.,4.利用“tooto”a.他气得说不出话来。Hewastooangrytospeak.b.恐怕事情已经闹得不可收拾了!Imafraidthingshavegonetoofartobesetright.c.我详细地解释过,可他就是糊涂得不懂这个理儿。Ihaveexplaineditindetail,butheistoostupidtounderstandsuchatruth.,5.利用“enoughto”“enoughfor”a.天气暖和得可以游泳了。Itswarmenoughtoswimnow.b.他身体壮得可以干这件重活。Heisstrongenoughforthisheavywork.c.这孩子的年龄已够得上学了。Thechildisoldenoughtostartschool.,6.利用英语“连系动词或含有变得意义的动词+形容词表语”的结构a.他今年19岁了,虽然个子不大,可是长得很结实。Hewasnineteen,slim,butquitestrong.b.于是他突然变得严肃了。Thenhesuddenlyfellgrave.,7.利用英语“动词+后置状语”的结构a.他样样工作都做得很不错。Hedoesallhisworkverywell.b.日程安排得很合适。Theschedulewasarrangedinapracticalway.c.她英语说得很流利。ShespeaksEnglishquitefluently.,8.利用英语“till(until)+状语从句”的结构a.这个孩子被打得青一块紫一块。Theboywasbeatenuntilhewasblackandblue.b.他笑得肚子痛。Helaughedtillhissidessplit.c.他逗得孩子乱叫。Heteasedthechilduntilhebeganhowling.splitonessides:捧腹大笑,
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