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Translation(11),名词性从句与状语从句译法,名词性从句,一、主语从句1、以what,whatever,whoever等代词引导的主语从句翻译时一般按原文顺序翻译。Whathashappenedisnosurprisetous.Weallknowwellenoughwhatheis.2、以it做假主语所引出的真主语从句，翻译时视情况可以提前，也可以不提前。真主语从句提前译，为了强调，it一般可以译出来；如果不需要强调，it也可以不译出来。,Itdoesntmakemuchdifferencewhetherheattendsthemeetingornot.Itseemedinconceivablethatthepilotcouldhavesurvivedthecrash.,二、宾语从句1、用that,what,how等引起的宾语从句汉译时一般不需要改变它在原句中的顺序。Hecouldneverletthehistorybookssayofhimthathehadbeencontenttositonthesidelines,tobeagentle,leisurelypresident,lettingeventstaketheircourse.,2、用it作形式宾语的句子，汉译时that引起的宾语从句一般按原文顺序，it不译。Imakeitcleartothemthattheymusthandintheirpapersbefore10oclockinthemorning.三、表语从句Thatwashowasmallnationwonthevictoryoverabigpower.同于宾语从句，一般按原文顺序翻译。,四、同位语从句1、同位语从句汉译时不提前Anobedientson,IacceptedmyfathersdecisionthatIwastobeadoctor,thoughtheprospectinterestedmenotatall.HeexpressedthehopethathewouldcomeovertovisitChinaagain.,2、同位语从句提前Theywereverysuspiciousoftheassumptionthathewouldratherkillhimselfthansurrender.Yet,fromthebeginning,thefactthatIwasalivewasignored.3、增加“即”或用冒号、破折号分开Butconsideringrealistically,wehadtofacethefactthatourprospectswerelessthangood.,Themeetingwastotakeplaceatahotel,theBeijingHotelonChanganRoad.用单词、短语做同位语的译法1.TheysilentlysurroundedTom,ayoungsoldier,inordertotakehimprisoner.OnbehalfofMr.Green,presidentofHarvard,Iamhonoredtotakethisopportunityforatoast.,2.Ihavebeentoallthecinemasinthiscity,bigorsmall.Wetwoliketogothere.3.Inthreehourswereachedourdestination,QinchengPrison.,状语从句,英语状语从句包括表示时间、原因、条件、让步、目的等等各种从句。本讲就一些比较常见的处理方法说明如下：一、表时间的状语从句1、译成相应的表示时间的状语WhileIreachedthebeach,Icollapsed.Whileshecooked,thecatslippedintotheroom.Pleaseleavethekeywhenyouleavetheroom.,2、译成“刚（一）就”的句式WhileIreachedthebeach,Icollapsed.Thevoicestoppedasshedrewnear.Wehadbarelydroppedoffwhenthedoorbellbegantoring.,3、译成并列的分句ShesangasshepreparedMaryssupper.Theywerejustabouttogiveupthequestion,whensuddenlytheyfoundtheanswer.,二、表示原因的状语从句1、大多数原因状语从句在翻译时可以借助下列一些词语连接完成：“因为”、“由于”、“因此”、“所以”。2、根据汉语习惯和特点(意合），可以将一些原因状语从句译成不用关联词而因果关系内（暗）含的并列分句。Iamgoingtobed,asImverytired.Wehadtoputthemeetingoffsincesomanypeoplewereabsent.“YoutookmebecauseIwasuseful.Thereisnoquestionofgratitudebetweenus.”SaidRebecca.,三、表示条件的状语从句一般多借助下列词语翻译条件状语从句：“只要”（最强）、“要是”、“一旦”、“如果”（最弱）Ifoneofthemdarestolayhislittlefingeronmeaswegoout,IwontanswerforwhatIllbedoing.四、表示让步的状语从句（汉语表条件一般前置，英语灵活）1、借助“虽然”、“尽管”、“即使”、“就算”等词：WhileIgranthishonesty,Isuspecthismemory.,2、借助“不论”、“不管”、“管”、“随”等词：Nomatterhowgooditisonpaper,thebosseswilltrytowangleitalltheirownway.Shehadalwaystakenthatforgrantedascorrectbehavior,howevermuchitwentagainstthethingsyouweretold.汉语里有一种复句，前一分句排除某一方面的一切条件，后一分句说出在任何条件下都会产生同样的结果，也就是说结果的产生没有什么条件限制。这样的复句里的前一分句，称之为“无条件”的条件分句。,五、表示目的的状语从句1、译成表示“目的”的前置分句（为了）Weshouldstartearlysothatwemightgettherebeforenoon.2、译成表示“目的”的后置分句（省的、免得、生怕）Themurdererranawayasfastashecould,sothathemightnotbecaughtred-handed.,
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