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15类高考英语动词,系动词,1变化类表事物发展变化的过程：become,go,turn,grow,get,fall等。2感觉类表人体部位的感受：feel,smell,taste,look,sound等。3状态类表事物所处的状态：keep,come,run,remain,stand,lie,stay,prove等。4外表特征类表外表给人的印象：appear,seem,look等。,除了少数几个（如feel,get,become,grow等）外，不用于进行时态和被动结构。例如：Themixtureistastedterrible.（误）Themixturetastesterrible（正）Jimpretendedtobefallingasleepwhenhismothercamein.（误）Jimpretendedtofall/beasleepwhenhismothercamein.（正）Imfeelingmuchbetterthaneverbefore.Itwasgettingdarkeranddarker.Besides,acoldrainbegantofall.,(1)-Doyoulikethematerial?-Yes,it_verysoft.(NMET94)A.isfeelingB.feltC.feelsD.isfelt(2)Whydontyouputthemeatinthefridge?Itwill_freshforseveraldays.(NMET03)A.bestayedB.stayC.bestayingD.havestayed(3)Thepilotaskedallthepassengersonboardtoremain_astheplanewasmakingalanding.A.seatB.seatingC.seatedD.tobeseating(4)Becarefulwhenyoucrossthisverybusystreet.Ifnot,youmay_runoverbyacar.A.haveB.getC.becomeD.turn(5)Happybirthday,Alice.Soyouhave_twenty-onealready.(04天津卷）A.becomeB.turnedC.grownD.passed,(6)Sarah,hurryup.Imafraidyoucanthavetimeto_beforetheparty.A.getchangedB.getchangeC.getchangingD.gettochange(7)Onhearingthenewsoftheaccidentinthecoalmine,she_pale.(04湖北卷）A.gotB.changedC.wentD.appeared(8)Theflowers_sweetinthebotanicgardenattractthevisitorstothebeautyofnature.(04上海A.tosmellB.smellingC.smeltD.tobesmelt(9)Althoughhehastakenalotofmedicine,hishealth_poor.(02春上海卷）A.provesB.remainsC.maintainsD.continues(10)Ilovetogototheseasideinsummer.It_goodtolieinthesunorswiminthecoolsea.A.doesB.feelsC.getsD.makes,感官动词,常考的感官动词有see,watch,notice,observe,hear,feel,find,catch等。1后接不带to的不定式表示一个发生过或者还没发生具体的动作。Ioftenheardthesongsung,butIhaveneverheardyousingit.2后接V-ing形式表正在进行的动作。Seeingthesunrisingabovethesurfaceofthesea,weletoutashoutofjoy.3后接V-ed形式表被动意义。Afterhisreturntwentyyearslater,hefoundhishometowngreatlychanged.,(1)Themanagersdiscussedtheplanthattheywouldliketosee_thenextyear.(NMET2000)A.carryoutB.carryingoutC.carriedoutD.tocarryout(2)Acookwillbeimmediatelyfiredifheisfound_inthekitchen.(NMET03）smokeB.smokingC.tosmokeD.smoked(3)Themissingboyswerelastseen_neartheriver.A.playingB.tobeplayingC.playD.toplay(4)Thesalesmanscoldedthegirlwhowascaught_andletheroff.(NMET93)A.tohavestolenB.tobestealingC.tostealD.stealing(5)Helookedaroundandcaughtaman_hishandintothepocketofapassenger.A.putB.tobeputtingC.toputD.putting,表“致使”意义的动词称之为使役动词，如make,let,have,keep,leave,set,send等。1.make,lethave等后接不带to的不定式，表“使让某人某物做某事”。Dontmakehimdoitifhedoesntwantto.在被动结构中不定式须带to，但是have不用于被动结构中.Hewasmadetoapologizetotheguest.2.have,keep,leave,send,set,get等后接V-ing形式，表持续性动作。Imsorrytokeepyouwaitingforsolong.3.have,keep,leave等后接V-ed形式，表被动含义。Hedidntkeeponaskingmethetimeuntilhehadhadhiswatchrepaired.,1)Dontleavethewaterwhileyoubrushyourteeth.(04天津卷）A.runB.runningC.beingrunD.torun2)Lawsthatpunishparentsfortheirchildrensactionsagainstthelawsgetparents(04重庆卷）A.worriedB.toworryC.worryingD.worry(3)-Whydidyougobacktotheshop?-Ileftmyfriend_there.(03春安徽内蒙古卷）A.waitingB.towaitC.waitD.waits(4)Itwassocoldthattheykeptthefire_allnight.(NMET91)A.toburnB.burnC.burningD.burned(5)-Goodmorning,canIhelpyou?-Idliketohavethispackage_，madam.A.beweighedB.weighingC.weighedD.toweigh,(6)Thespeakerraisedhisvoicebutstillcouldntmakehimself_(NMET91)A.hearB.tohearC.hearingD.heard(7)Asyouhaveneverbeentherebefore,Illhavesomeone_youtheway.(94上海卷）A.showB.toshowC.showingD.showed(8)Pauldoesnthavetobemade_Healwaysworkshard.(NMET95)A.learnB.tolearnC.learnedD.learning(9)Acomputercandoonlywhatthinkingpeople_A.haveitdoB.haveitdoneC.havedoneitD.havingitdone10)Mrs.Brownwasmuchdisappointedtoseethewashingmachineshehadhad_wentwrong.A.itB.itrepairedC.repairedD.toberepaired,四、含情感色彩的动词这类动词有excite,inspire,encourage,interest,satisfy,delight,please,move,frighten,surprise,amaze,astonish,shock,worry,astonish,disappoint,discourage,exhaust,puzzle,tire,terrify等。情感动词后接指人的名词或代词作宾语，有V-ing和V-ed两种形式，在句中作定语和表语，V-ing形式指人，V-ed形式则指事物。Thestorywassomovingthateveryonepresentwasmovedtotears.Whatdisappointingresult!Wewerealldisappointedwithit.Climbingahillwastiringandweweretiredwhenwereachedthesummit.,(1)Nickislookingforanotherjobbecausehefeelsthatnothinghedoes_hisboss.A.servesB.satisfiesC.promisesD.supports(2)-Imvery_withmyowncooking.Itlooksniceandsmellsdelicious.-Mm,itdoeshavea_smell.A.pleasant;pleasedB.pleased;pleasedC.pleasant;pleasantD.pleased;pleasant(3)Mr.Smith,_ofthe_speech,startedtoreadanovel.(03春北京卷）A.tired;boringB.tiring;boredC.tired;boredD.tiring;boring,(4)Itisbelievedthatifabookis_,itwillsurely_thereader.(03上海聋）interested;interestB.interesting；beinterestedC.interested；beinterestingD.interesting;interest(5)Afterhisjourneyfromabroad,RichardJonesreturnedhome_.(04春上海卷）A.beingexhaustedB.exhaustedC.exhaustingD.havingexhausted,五、后接不定式动词类afford,agree,choose,determine,expect,decide,learn,offer,mange,hope,want,wish,promise,refuse,fail,pretend,happen等动词，后跟不定式作宾语。Thankyouforofferingtohelp,butIcanmanagemyself.Helearnedtorideabicyclewhenhewasasmallboy.,(1)Weagreedherebutsofarshehasntturnedupyet.(NMET95)A.havingmetB.meetingC.tomeetD.tohavemet(2)LittleJimshouldlove_tothetheatrethisevening.(NMET92)tobetakenB.totakeC.beingtakenD.taking(3)Idontknowwhetheryouhappen，butImgoingtostudyintheUSAthisSeptember.A.tobeheardB.tobehearingC.tohearD.tohaveheard,(4)ShepretendedmewhenIpassedby.A.nottoseeB.notseeingC.tonotseeD.havingnotseen(5)Doletyourmotherknowallthetruth.Sheappears_everything.(01高考上海卷）A.totellB.tobetoldC.tobetellingD.tohavebeentold,六、后接V-ing形式动词类该类动词常考的有appreciate,avoid,bear,consider,dislike,delay,enjoy,escape,finish,hate,imagine,keep，mind,miss,practise,postpone,resist,risk,stand,suggest等。这些动词须接V-ing形式作宾语。例如；Idontmindwaiting,butIvegottostandinthecoldwind.Haveyouconsideredmakingsomenecessarychangestoyourplan?OnlybypractisingspeakingEnglisheverydaycanyouexpecttoimproveyourspokenEnglish.,1)Iwouldappreciate_backthisafternoon.A.youtocallB.youcallC.yourcallingD.yourecalling(2)Whileshopping,peoplesometimescanthelp_intobuyingsomethingtheydontreallyneed.(96年上海卷）A.topersuadeB.persuadingC.beingpersuadedD.bepersuaded(3)Hehasalwaysinsistedonhis_Dr.turnerinsteadofMr.Turner.(92上海卷）A.beencalledB.calledC.beingcalledD.havingcalled,(4)Ireallyappreciate_torelaxwithyouonthisniceisland.(04年上海卷）A.tohavehadtimeB.havingtimeC.tohavetimeD.tohavingtime(5)Doyoumindaloneathome?(94年上海A.JaneleavingB.JanehavingleftC.JanesbeingleftD.Janetobeleft(6)IcanhardlyimaginePeter_acrosstheAtlanticOceaninfivedays.(NMET91)A.sailB.tosailC.sailingD.tohavesailed,七、后接不定式与V-ing形式意义不同动词类remember,try,regret,mean,forget,stop,goon,canthelp等后接不定式与V-ing形式作宾语，表达含义不同。动词接动名词作宾语接不定式作宾Remember过去发生的动作将来的动作try尝试做某事努力做某事regret对做过的事表示后悔对要做的事表示遗憾mean意味着做某事企图（打算）做某事canthelp禁不住做某事不能帮助做某事goon继续做未完成的事情;做完一件事后,接着做另一件事forget忘记以前曾做过某事忘记做某事stop中断正在做的事情中断正在做的事去做别的事Irememberbeingpad,butIveforgottentheexactamount.Pleaseremembertosendmeaphotoofyoursonthenexttimeyouwritetome.,（1）-Thelightintheofficeisstillon.(NMET91)-Oh,Iforgot_.A.turningitoffB.turnitoffC.toturnitoffD.havingturneditoff(2)-Youwerebraveenoughtoraiseobjectionsatthemeeting.(NMET95)-Well,nowIregret_that.A.todoB.tobedoingC.tohavedoneD.havingdone(3)Shecanthelpthehousebecauseshesbusymakingacake.(97上海卷）A.tocleanB.cleaningC.cleanedD.beingcleaned(4)-1usuallygotherebytrain.(NMET92)-Whynot_byboatforachange?A.totrygoingB.tryingtogoC.totryandgoD.trygoing,5)-Letmetellyousomethingaboutthejournalists.-Dontyouremembermethestoryyesterday?A.toldB.tellingC.totellD.tohavetold(6)Thelibraryneeds_,butIllhavetowaituntilSunday.(NMET92)A.cleaningB.becleanedC.beingcleanD.clean(7)1nsomepartsofLondon,missingabusmeans_foranotherhour.(02春上海卷）A.waitingB.towaitC.waitD.tobewaiting(8)Shereachedthetopofthehillandstopped_onabigrockbythesideofthepath.(NMET90)A.restingB.tohaverestedC.restedD.torest(9)Goon_theotherexerciseafteryouhavefinishedthisone.(NMET89)A.todoB.doingC.withD.tobedoing,八、进行时态表将来意义动词类这类动词一般为表位置移动或方向性动词，如go,come,start,arrive,take,leave,move等。例如：WhenaregoingofftoforShanghai?MaryaswellasherparentsisleavingforCalifornianextmonth.,(1)IvewonaholidayfortwotoFlorida.I_mymum.(01春NMET)A.amtakingB.havetakenC.takeD.willhavetaken(2)-Whatwereyoudoingwhenhecametoseeyou?(89上海卷）-Ihadjustputonmyovercoatand_visitafriend.A.leavingB.wasleftC.leftD.wasleaving3)WhatwereyoudoingwhenTonyphonedyou？-Ihadjustfinishedmyworkand_totakeashower.(04天津卷）A.hadstartedB.startedC.havestartedD.wasstarting,九、主动表被动动词类1某些实义动词的主动形式后跟副词表示被动意义，这类动词有sell,wash,write,last,read,wear等。这种“动词副词”结构，常表示事物内部特有的属性。Thiskindofclothwasheswellandlastslong.Thepenmyfathergavemeasabirthdaygiftwritessmoothly.WritteninsimpleEnglish,thisarticlereadseasily.2某些及物动词转为不及物动词后，其主动形式表示被动意义，如open（打开，营业），close（关门），shut（关闭），cut（切割），weigh(重),act（上演）等。Thedoorwontshut.Thisshopopensmuchearlierthanitusedto.Eachstoneweighs2tons.,3某些不及物动词，如happen,occur,cost以及短语，如comeout（出版），comeup（出现），comeintobeing（产生）cometoonesmind(想起），turnout（证明是），comeabout（发生），breakout(爆发），belongto(属于）等，本身表被动含义，所以它们常用主动形式。ThefirsttextbookswrittenforteachingEnglishasaforeignlanguagecameoutinthe18thcentury.Suddenlyanideacametohismind.Itneveroccurredtometophoneyou.,Theeveningnewscomesonatsevenoclockand_onlythirtyminutes.(04全国卷II)A.keepsB.continuesC.finishesD.lasts(2)-Mummy,canIputthepeachesinthecupboard?(02北京卷）-No,dear.Theydont_well.Puttheminthefridgeinstead.A.keepB.fitC.getD.last(3)Booksofthiskind_well.（99上海卷）A.sellB.sellsC.aresoldD.issold,十、虚拟语气动词类insist,order,command,suggest,advise,propose,ask,require,request,demand等后接引导的宾语从句时，谓语动词须用“(should)动词原形”。Theguardatthegateinsistedthateveryoneshouldobeytherules.Therulerequiresthateveryone,youngorold,manorwomen,havehiscarcheckedonceayear.,(1)-Howdoyou_wegotoBeijingforourholidays.-Ithinkwedbetterflythere.Itsmuchmorecomfortable.(04福建卷）A.insistB.wantC.supposeD.suggest(2)Janespalefacesuggestedthatshe_ill,andherparentssuggestedthatshe_amedicalexamination.(94上海卷）A.be;shouldhaveB.was;haveC.shouldbe;hadD.was;has(3)_senttoworkhere?(02上海卷）A.WhodoyousuggestB.WhodoyousuggestthatshouldC.DoyousuggestwhoshouldD.Doyousuggestwhomshould,十一、省略替代类believe,think,suppose,guess,hope,expect,imagine,wouldlike/love,beafraid等动词用于简略回答中，后接so来替代肯定分句，用not来替代否定分句。或接to来替代前面内容相同的不定式，表示看法、意见、设想、打算等。例如：-DoyouthinkNormanwouldhavelentmehiscarIhadaskedhimto?-Yes,I,thinkso.-Willyoubeabletocometomybirthdayparty?-Idloveto,butImtoobusy.注意：believe,think,suppose,guess等用于否定回答时，既可以说Ibelieve(think,supposeguess)not，也可以说Idontbelieve(think,supposeguess)so，但用hope,expect,beafraid作否定回答时，只能说Ihope(expect)not以及Imafraidnot,(1)-Ibelievewevemetsomewherebefore.(2000春季北京、安徽、内蒙古卷）-No,_.A.itisntthesameB.itcantbetrueC.IdontthinksoD.Idrathernot(2)-Theboysarenotdoingagoodjobatall,arethey?(03春北京卷）-_.A.IguessnotsoB.IdontguessC.IdontguessitD.Iguessnot(3)-Doyouthinkitsgoingtorainovertheweekend?-_.(NMET94)A.IdontbelieveB.IdontbelieveitC.IbelievenotsoD.Ibelievenot,十二、否定转移类think,believe,guess,suppose,imagine,expect等动词后接that引导的宾语从句时，从句若为否定结构，常将否定词not前移到主句中。Idontthinkitispossibletolearnaforeignlanguagewellwithoutmuchmemorywork.HedoesntthinkTomwillmakeanexcellentplayer.当该结构的主句主语为第一人称时，变为反意疑问句，后半句的主语和谓语简略形式应与从句保持一致，否则与主句保持一致。例如：IdontthinkthereisanythingelseIneed,isthere?Hedoesntbelievehewillbeabletosolvetheproblemsbyherself,doeshe?,(1)Idontsupposeanyonewillvolunteer,_？(01上海卷）A.doIB.dontIC.willtheyD.wontthey(2)Mrs.Blackdoesntbelievehersonisabletodesignadigitalcamera,_？(02上海卷）A.isheB.isntheC.doesntsheD.doesshe,十三、带介词to的动词短语类这类短语有be(get)usedto,leadto,devoteto,lookforwardto,stickto,objectto,getdownto,thereisnoendto等。当它们后面出现动词时，要用V-ing形式。例如：Ivegotusedtodrivinginallkindsofweather.Assoonasshereturnedhomefromabroad,shegotdowntopreparingsupperforchildren.注意区分介词to与不定式符号toaHeusedtodriveontherightandnowheisusedtodrivingontheleft.(usedto表“过去常常”,to为不定式符号，beusedto表“习惯于”,to为介词）Imlookingforwardtoseeingyousoon.lookforwardto意思是“盼望，期待”，to为介词。）Helookedforwardtoseewhatwashappening.(lookforward意为“向前看”，tosee是不定式作目的状,(1)Mr.Reedmadeuphismindtodevoteallhehadto_someschoolsforpoorchildren.(01上海卷）A.setupB.settingupC.havesetupD.havingsetup(2)Thediscoveryofnewevidenceledto_.(03上海卷）A.thethiefhavingcaughtB.catchthethiefC.thethiefbeingcaughtD.thethieftobecaught(3)Shelooksforwardeveryspringto_theflower-linedgarden.(94上海卷）A.visitB.payingavisitC.walkingD.walkingin,十四、瞬间（非延续性动词）类这类动词常考的有go,come,leave,start,return,begin,arrive,stop,finish,borrow,lend,open,close,die,become,break,join,marry,employ,graduate等。瞬间（非延续性动词）表短暂性的动作，因此不可与表“段时间”的for/since短语或since从句连用。例如：Hehascomehereforthreeyears.（误）Hehasbeenhereforthreeyears.（正）Itisthreeyearssincehecamehere.（正）,(1)Itstenyearssincethescientist_hislifesworkofdiscoveringthevaluablechemical.(04A.madeforB.setoutC.tookoffD.turnedup(2)Myuncle_untilhewasforty-five.(2000A.marriedB.didntmarriedC.wasnotmarryingD.wouldmarry(3)-_DavidandVicky_married?(03-Foraboutthreeyears.A.Howlongwere;beingB.Howlonghave;gotC.Howlonghave;beenD.Howlongdid;get(4)-Howlong_atthisjob?(03春北京卷）-Since1990.A.wereyouemployedB.haveyoubeenemployedC.hadyoubeenemployedD.willyoubeemployed,十五、计划未能实现类intend,mean,hope,wish,plan,expect,think,want,suppose等动词用于过去时态，可表示过去未能实现的愿望、想法、打算等。1该类动词用于过去完成时后接不定式或宾语从句。Ihadneverthoughtyouwouldbringmesuchanicegift.Ihadpannedtocallonyou,butIwastoobusytogetaway.2该类动词用于一般过去时后接不定式的完成式或一般式。Idliketohavearriveontime,butIwascaughtonthetrafficjam.,(1)-Youshouldhavethankedherbeforeyouleft.-Imeant_,butwhenIwasleavingIcouldntfindheranywhere.(2000春上海卷）A.todoB.toC.doingD.doingso(2)-Whyhaventyouboughtanybutter?(01春-I_tobutIforgotaboutit.A.likedB.wishedC.meantD.expected(3)Iwouldlove_thepartylastnightbutIhadtoworkextrahourstofinishareport.(NMET97)A.togoB.tohavegoneC.goingD.havinggone(4)-Alice,whydidntyoucomeyesterday?-I_,butIhadanunexpectedvisitor.(NMET97)A.hadB.wouldC.wasgoingtoD.did,
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