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电大资料整理Aact upon each other 相互作用adapt oneself to 使自己适应a few (表示肯定)有些，几个a great quantity of (接可数或不可数)大量a good deal of (接不可数名词 )许多，大量a large amount of (接不可数名词)大量a little (表示肯定)一些，一点点a lot of (接可数、可数名词 ) 大量的，许多a number of (接可数名词) 若干，许多above all 首先，首要，尤其是after all 毕竟，终究 ahead of 在前面，先于all but 几乎，差一点；除了都all of a sudden 忽然all over 到处，遍及；全部结束。all right 令人满意的；( 健康)良好的； 好，行，可以in all 总共，共计all the same 仍然，照样地；all the time 一直，始终and so on 等等apart from 除 之外( 别无)；除之外( 尚有)a plenty of 许多，大量asas 像，如同，与一样as far as 远到；就而言，至于as follows 如下as for 至于，关于ask for leave 请假as long as 只要，如果；既然，由于as soon as 一就，刚便as though 好像，仿佛as to 至于，关于as usual 照例，像平常一样 -as well 也，又as well as 除之外(也)，既又ask for 请求，要求at a loss 困惑不解，茫然不知所措at all (用于否定句)丝毫(不) ，一点(不)at all costs 不惜任何代价，无论如何at all events 不管怎样，无论如何at any rate - 无论如何，至少at ease 舒适(地)，安逸(地)at first 最初，起先at hand 近在手头，在附近 at last 终于at least 至少at most 至多，不超过at no time 从不，决不 。at once 马上，立刻；同时，一起at present 目前，现在at the cost of 以为代价at the moment 此刻，目前at the same time 同时；然而，不过at the sight of 一看见 就Bback and forth (前后)来回地，反复地back up 支持；倒退be described as 被描写成be in favor of 支持be made up of 由 组成，由构成be short of 缺少，不足；未达到bearin mind 记住(某事)because of 因为，由于before long 不久以后be worth doing sth 值得做某事beyond the question 毫无疑问，确定无疑bothand 既又，不但而且break down 损坏，抛锚break in 破门(窗)而入；打断，插嘴break into 强行闯进break off -中断，中止break ones leave ；超假 break out (战争等)爆发；使逃脱，使逃走break through 突破，突围break up 打碎；终止，结束bring about 带来，引起，导致bring forward 提出(建议等)bring in to effect 使生效，实行brmgin to operation 实施；使运行bring out 使显示出来；出版bring up 教育，培养build up 逐步建立、增强，增进but for 倘没有，要不是 by accident 偶然 by air 通过航空途径；用无线电by all means 尽一切办法，务必by and by 不久，迟早by chance 偶然，碰巧电大资料整理by far 得多，最(修饰比较级和最高级)by means of 用，凭借by mistake 错误地，无意中(做了某件错事 )by no means 决不，并没有 by oneself 单独地，独自地by the way 顺便地，附带地说说by way of 经过，经由；通过的方法C call for 要求，需要；邀请call off 取消call on 访问，拜访；呼吁，号召call up 打电话；召集cannot help doing 禁不住，忍不住capable of 有能力(或技能)的；能的cannot too越 越好，再 也不过分care for 照顾，照料；喜欢carry forward 发扬；进行carry off 拿走，夺去 的生命carry on 继续carry out ，执行，贯彻；进行(到底 )catch sight of 看到，发现catch up with 赶上check in 办理登记手续，报到check out 结账后离开，办妥手续离开cheer up 高兴起来，振作起来 clear up 清理；使变清；放晴come around 苏醒；顺便来访come in handy for sth 某物迟早有用come on (表劝说，鼓励等)来吧，走吧；开始come out 出版，发表；显现，出现；结果是come through 经历仍活着come to 苏醒；共计，达到come to an end 结束come true 实现come up 出现，走上前来come up with 追上，赶上；提出compare to 把比作，把与比较count for little 轻视count on 依靠，指望cut down 砍倒；消减；缩短cut in 打断，插嘴；( 汽车)超车抢档cut off 切掉；切断；阻隔cut out 删掉，割去cut short 缩短, 删节 Ddeal with 做买卖；处理；论述，涉及 decide on 考虑后选定或决定die down 变弱，逐渐消失 die out 消失，灭绝do away with 废除，去掉doa favour 帮助某人draw in (火车、汽车)进站draw up 起草，制订dream of 梦到；梦想，向往dress up 穿上盛装，精心打扮drop in 顺便( 非正式) 访问drop out 退学，退出due to 由于，因为Eeach other 互相(多用作宾语 )eltheror 或或，不是 就是end up 结束，告终even ifthough 即使，虽然every now and then 时而，偶尔every other 每隔一个except for 除了外Fface to face 面对面 (的)地；对立地fail to do. 没能做Gget across 使通过；使被理解get along 过活；相处 (with)；进展get down 从 下来；着手进行；写下get into 对发生兴趣；卷入；进入get off (从)下来；逃脱惩罚get on 骑上(马、自行车等 )，登上(车、船、飞 机等) ；有进展get on with 与 友好相处；继续干get out 离去，退出 (组织等)；(消息等) 泄漏get over 克服(困难等)；从( 疾病、失望、震惊等) 中恢复过来get rid of 处理掉；摆脱get through 完成；打通电话；通过( 考试)get up 起床；起立 give in 屈服；让步电大资料整理give off 发出或放出(蒸气等)give out 分发；发出 (气味等)give up 放弃；投降give way to 让位于；给让路go after 追逐，追求；设法得到go ahead 开始，进行；前进，领先go along with 赞同，附合，支持go around (消息)流传；足够分配go down 下去；(船等)下沉；下降go for 去请，去取；赞成go in for 从事于；酷爱；追求go into 进入；调查；从事go into action 开始行动go into effect 实施，生效go on 继续下去，进行go out 熄灭，停止运转；过时go over 检查；复习go through 遭受，经历；检查，审查go up 上升，(物价等)上涨；被炸毁，被烧毁go wrong 出错；发生故障，出毛病grow up 成熟；成年；发展Hhad better 应该，还是 好had rather than 宁愿(而不是 )hand in 交上；递上hand out 分发，散发hand over 交出，移交hang on 抓紧不放；坚持下去；( 电话不挂) 等一会儿hang up 把 挂起来；挂断( 电话)have an advantage over 胜于，优于have in mind 记在心里；考虑到，想到have nothing to do with 和 毫无关系have (something)to do with 和(有点)关系 head for 朝方向走去help oneself 自取所需(食物等)hold back 踌躇，退缩不前；阻止hold sth back from sb 向某人隐瞒某事hold on 握住不放；坚持；(打电话用语 ) 等一会 hold on to 紧紧抓住；控制，克制hold up 举起；耽搁；延迟hurry up (使) 赶快；匆匆完成hurt ones feelings 伤害某人感情Iif only 只要；要是就好in a hurry 急于，忙于 in a sense 从某种意义上in a way 在某种程度上，从某一点上看in a word 简而言之，一句话in addition to 除之外( 还)in advance 预先，事先in any case 无论如何，不管怎样in brief 简单地说in case of 假如，如果发生；防备in charge of 负责，主管in common 共有的，共用的in debt 欠债in detail 详细的in effect 实际上，事实上in fact 事实上，其实in favour of 支持，赞成in front of 在 前面 in general 一般说来，大体上 in half 成两半in honour of 为向表示敬意；为纪念，为庆祝in no case 无论如何不，决不 in no time 立即，马上in no way 决不in ones mind eye 在看来in order 按顺序；整齐in order to 为了(做某事) in other words 换句话说，也就是说in part 部分地in particular 特别，尤其in person 亲自in proportion to 与成比例in public 公开地，当众in question 正在谈论的in relation to 有关，涉及in return (for) 作为(对的)回报、交换in short 简言之，总之 in sight 看得见，在视线之内；在望in spite of 不管，不顾in that 因为in the course of 在期间，在过程中in the end 最后，终于in the face of 在前面；不管，即使in the future 在将来in the way 挡道， “妨碍某人in time 及时；最后，终于in touch 联系，接触电大资料整理in turn 依次地，轮流地；转而，反过来 in vain 徒劳，白费力in stead of 替代，而不是Jjust now 刚才，才不久；现在，眼下join in 参加，加入；和在一起Kkeep an eye on 留意，照看keep in mind 记住 keep in touch with 与保持联系keep it up 坚持keep on 继续进行，反复地做keep ones word 守信用keep sth in ones mind 牢记某事keep to 坚持；固守(习惯等)keep up with 跟上，不落后kill off 消灭，杀光knock down 撞倒；击倒knock out (拳击中 )击倒，击昏Llaugh at 因而发笑；嘲笑 lay aside 把搁置一旁；留存，储存lay down 放下；铺设 (铁路)；制定(计划等)lay out 布置，安排，设计；摆出，展开lead to 通向；导致，引起 1earn by heart 记住，背诵learn from 学习，向 学习leave behind 丢弃；留下；忘记携带leave off (使)停止，停下来leave out 忽略，遗漏；省略 1et alone 更别提；不打扰 let off 排放；放 (炮)，开(枪) let out 放掉(水等)，发出 lie in 在于line up 排队，使排成一行little (表示否定，不可数) 没多少little by little 一点一点地，逐渐地live on 靠生活；以为食live through 经历过；度过；经受住live up to 无愧于；做到；符合long before 在以前很久long for 渴望look after 目送；照料，照顾look at 看；看待look back 回头看；回顾look down onupon 蔑视，看不起look for 寻找，寻求；指望，期待look forward to 盼望，期待；预期，预料look into 观察；调查；查阅look on 旁观；观看look out 留神，注意look over 仔细检查，细看；察看，巡视 look through (从头至尾 )浏览；详尽核查；温习lay out 布置，安排，设计；摆出，展开lead to 通向；导致，引起 1earn by heart 记住，背诵learn from 学习，向 学习leave behind 丢弃；留下；忘记携带leave off (使)停止，停下来leave out 忽略，遗漏；省略 1et alone 更别提；不打扰 let off 排放；放 (炮)，开(枪) let out 放掉(水等)，发出 lie in 在于line up 排队，使排成一行little (表示否定，不可数) 没多少little by little 一点一点地，逐渐地live on 靠生活；以为食live through 经历过；度过；经受住live up to 无愧于；做到；符合long before 在以前很久long for 渴望look after 目送；照料，照顾look at 看；看待look back 回头看；回顾look down onupon 蔑视，看不起look for 寻找，寻求；指望，期待look forward to 盼望，期待；预期，预料look into 观察；调查；查阅look on 旁观；观看look out 留神，注意look over 仔细检查，细看；察看，巡视 look through (从头至尾 )浏览；详尽核查；温习Mmake a Fire 生火make for 走向，向前进；导致，促成make fun of 嘲笑；开玩笑make ones way 去，前进，前往make out 写出，开列；看出，辨认出make sense 讲得通，有意义，言之有理make sure 查明，务必要做到电大资料整理make up 组成，构成；编造，虚构；化妆make up for 补偿，弥补make up ones mind 下定决心，打定主意make use of 使用，利用mix up 拌和；混淆more or less 或多或少，左右；有点儿 Nneither nor 既不也不 no doubt 无疑地no less than 不少于，多达no longer 不再，已不no more 不再no more than 不多于，至多no sooner than 一就not only but also 不但而且nothing but 只有；只不过now and then 时而，不时now that 既然，由于 Oof course 当然，自然off duty 下班on a small/large scale 小( 大)规模地on account of 由于，因为on average 、 平均；通常；普通 on board 在船 (或车、飞机等)上on business 因公出差on duty 值班，当班on earth 究竟，到底on foot 步行on guard 站岗，警戒on occasion(s) 有时，间或on ones own 独立地，靠自己地on purpose 故意，有目的地on sale 出售；廉价出售on the contrary 正相反on the one hand 一方面on the other hand 另一方面on the spot 在现场，当场on the whole 总的来说，大体上on time 准时once again 再一次once in a while 偶尔once upon a time 从前once more 再一次，又一次one another 相互one the other 一个另一个open fire 开火or else 否则，要不然or so 大约，左右other than 不同于；除了 out of 在外；离开；缺乏out of breath 喘不过气来out of control 失去控制out of date 过时的，不用的out of doors 在户外out of order 出故障；秩序混乱out of place 不在适当的位置；不相称的 格格不入our of sight 看不见，在视野之外out of the question 毫不可能out of work 失业over and over 一再地，再三地Ppass away 去世pass On 把传给别人pay attention to 注意pay back 偿还(借款等) ；回报pay for 付款；偿还pay off 还清(债款)；取得成功pick out 选出，挑出；辨认出，分辨出pick up 捡起； (车等)中途搭人；学会play apart (in) (在中)扮演角色； (在中) 起作用play fire ，玩火point out 指出，指明prior to 在前，居先，比 在先pull in (车) 进站； (船)到岸pull into (车等)进入，驶入pull out 拔出，抽出；(车、船等)驶出put aside 储存，保留put away 把收起，放好put down 记下；放下；镇压put forward 提出(要求、事实等)put into practice 实行，实施put off 推迟，拖延put on 穿上；上演put out 熄灭；关(灯)；公布，出版put to use 使用 -put up 举起；建造；张贴put up with 忍受，容忍(讨厌的人 )Qquite a few 相当多，不少Rrather than 宁愿 (而不)；不是 (而是)电大资料整理refer to as 把称作；把 当作regardless of 不顾，不惜remind sb of sth 提醒某人某事result from 是 (由)造成result in 起，导致；结果是right away 立即，马上ring off 挂断电话；停止讲话ring up 打电话rob sb of 抢劫某人run into 偶然碰见；遇到(困难等) ；共计run to (of) 用完，耗尽run over (跑)过去、撞倒；溢出 run through 跑着穿过；刺穿；贯穿Ssee off 为某人送行see through 看破、看穿see to 负责，注意，照料send for 派人去请；召唤；索取send off 寄出；为送行；解雇set about 开始，着手set a fire to 给烧把火set apart 使分离；使显得突出set aside 留出，拨出；不理会，置于一边set back 推迟，延缓，阻碍；使花费set down 制订；放下Set free 释放set off 出发，起程；激起，引起set out 动身，起程；开始set up 创立，建立，为作好准备.竖起，建造settle down 定居；安下心来show off 炫耀，卖弄show up 来到，露面side by side 肩并肩地，一起slow downup 放慢速度；减速 so as to 如此以至于so far 迄今为止；到这种程度soas far as (be) concerned 就而言so long as 只要，如果；既然，由于someothers 一些.其余的sooner or later 迟早，早晚，或迟或早no sooner than 一就stand for 代表，意味着；主张，支持stand out 引人注目；杰出，出色stand up 起立；(论点、证据等) 站得住脚stick to 粘贴在上；紧跟坚持；忠于；信守such as 例如，诸如sum up 总结，概括switch offon (用开关)关掉开启Ttake for 把认为是，把 看成是take advantage of 利用，趁之机take after (在外貌、性格方面)与(父、母) 相像take apart 拆卸，拆开take away 拿走；减去take down 取下；记下；拆卸take for 把认为是，把看作是take for granted 认为理所当然；( 因视作当然而) 对不予以重视take in 欺骗；领会，理解take into account 把考虑进去take off 脱下(衣帽等) ；起飞take on 承担，呈现 (面貌)take ones time 不着急，不慌忙take out 扣除take over 接受，接管；借用，承袭take part in 参加，参与take place 发生，进行，举行take the place of 代替，取代take turns 依次，轮流 -take up 开始从事；占去，占据tell from 辨别，分辨the moment (that) 一( 就) thanks to 由于，多亏think of 想到，记得；想一想，考虑，关心think of as 把看作是，以为是think over 仔细考虑throw away 扔掉，抛弃to a certain degreeextent 某种程度to the point 切中要害，切题touch on 谈及，提及try on 试穿try ones best 尽力，努力try out 试用，试验turn down 拒绝；关小，调低turn in 上床睡觉；交还，上交turn into 使变成，使成为turn off 关( 水源等)；拐弯turn on 开，旋开(电灯等)turn ones back on 不理睬turn out 关掉(收音机等) ；生产，制造；驱逐；结果是turn over 仔细考虑turn to 变成；求助于，借助于电大资料整理turn up 出现，来到；开大，调大Uunder control 处于控制之下 undergo experiences 经历，体验under the circumstances 在这种情况下， (情况)既然如此up to (数量上) 多达；( 时间上)直到； 取决于up to date 现代化的，切合目前情况的use up 用完，耗尽Wwait for 等候，等待wait on 服侍(某人 )warm up (使)暖起来；(使)变热wash up 洗餐具；洗手洗脸watch out for 密切注意；戒备，提防wear out 穿破，用坏；(使)疲乏， (使)耗尽What about ? (征求意见时)怎么样?What if ? 如果将来会怎么样?whether or 是还是，不管还是wipe out 彻底摧毁，消灭with regard to 关于，至于within reach 伸手可及with respect to 关于，至于with the exception of 除之外without question 毫无疑问，毫无异议work out 算出；想出，制定出would rather(than) 宁可，宁愿 (则不愿)定语从句练习练习一：认真观察下列句子的定语从句中关系代词的用法。和同学讨论并总结这些关系代词使用的规则。 （“/”表示这里可运用两个关系代词中任一个）1. This is the book which/that my mother bought yesterday. 这就是我母亲昨天买的那本书。This is the teacher who/that teaches us English. 这就是教我们英语的那位老师。That is the man whom you are looking for. 那就是你在找的那个男人。That is the day when I got married. 那就是我结婚的那一天。That is the school where I work as a teacher. 那就是我在那儿教书的那所学校。This is the boy whose father is a scientist. 这就是他的父亲是科学家的那个男孩。规则：1）在限定某事物时，一般使用_作关系代词。2）在限定某人，并且此人在从句中作主语时，一般使用_作关系代词。3）在限定某人，并且此人在从句中作_时，一般使用_作关系代词。4）在限定某时间，并且该时间在从句中作时间状语时，一般使用_作关系代词。5）在限定某地点，并且该地点在从句中作_时，一般使用_作关系代词。6）在限定某人或事物，并且在从句中，从句主语与该人或事物有物主关系时，一般使用_作关系代词。2. That is the book which/that my mother bought yesterday.That is the teacher who/that teaches us English.I like our teacher, who is very kind. 我喜欢我们的老师，他很和善。有逗号，非限定，不用 thatI like this book, which is very interesting. 我非常喜欢这本书，它非常有趣。规则：1）限定性定语从句中，表示人或事物时，常用_作关系代词。2）非限定性定语从句中，表示人或事物时，常用_作关系代词。3. That is the book (which/that) my mother bought yesterday.（这里，括号表示此关系代词可以省略）This is the teacher who/that teaches us English.I like this book, which is very interesting. 规则：1）_时，可以省略关系代词。2）_时，不可以省略关系代词。4. He is the only student that passed the exam. 他是唯一通过这个考试的学生。Shanghai is the biggest city that lies in the east of China. 上海是中国东部最大的城市。He is the first that passed the exam.规则：最高级、有序数词、唯一时，只能用 that 作关系代词。练习二：下面每个句子都包含一个定语从句，请根据练习一中总结的规则，在下面句子的空格处填写适当的关系代词。 （如果不必填写，用表示；如果有两种选择，用这样的方式表示：which/that）1. I like the city where I met him.2. I wont forget the day when I met him.3. I like the students _ are clever.4. I like the student _ you teach.5. I like the book _ the teacher gave me.6. I like the book, _ the teacher gave me.电大资料整理7. I like the woman _ son is clever.8. That is the longest highway _ is built last year.(who, which, that, where, when, whose, whom)一 单选词汇1.His handwriting resulted from haste and carelessness rather than from the inability to from the letters correctly.a.unreadable b. beautiful c. careful d. undecided2.He watches TV only to time.A.Cost, B.spend, C.kill, D.take3.That small country has independence, so it became an independent nation.A.Ordered, B.exclaimed, C.performed, D.declared4.Tom has got a decent in a chemical factory.A.Job , B.employment, C.work , D.profession5.The textile industry greatly to the economy of Hong Kong .A adds B amounts C contributes D leads6.We must that the telegram arrives in time.ASecure, B.assure, C.ensure, D. endure7.When we think of communication, we think of using words talking face-to-face, writing messages and so on .A.shortly, B.namely, C. practically, D. normally8.She talked to him for two hours and_him from doing that dangerous job .A persuaded B dissuaded C overcame D conquered 9.My friend was full of for the way in which I had so quickly learned to drive a car .A pride B surprise C admiration D jealousy10.Mrs.Johnson usually has an apple for at the end of a dinner because she firmly believes that “An apple a day keeps the do ctor away.”A.Dessert , B.deserter, C.desert , D.desertion11.Old people tend to_ traditional ideas.A stick to B refuse C reject D dislike12.Depending on _,Mary led us through an unknown part of the forest .A.intuition, B.sense , C.feeling , D.knowledge13.When the new factory opens, we will be able to keep _with the growing demand .A.pace, B.speeding , C.quickness , D.size14.We naturally _-the name of parwin with the doctrine of evolution.A tie B associate C bind D involve 15.Since you supervisor has the time for a talk,you must make sure that you will be there on time.A predicted B specified C yielded D classified16.They agree to rent the house the roof be repaired.A on condition that B as soon as C when D unless17.The experiment he made last week _ that theory.A confirmed B committed C considered D concerned18.Since you supervisor has the time for a talk,you must make sure that you will be there on time.A predicted B specified C yielded D classified19. Bobs right hand was seriously injured,and he would be ( )for work for several weeds at least.A.unhealthy B fierce C unfit D qualified二 词型转换1.(disappoint)To his great disappointment ,Mrs. White wont be able to join us in the party this weekend.2.(criticize)He got a lot of criticism due to his article published last month.3.(service)Spring rolls should be served hot ,other wise its flavor will change.4.(economy )I am a TV university student now .My major is economics.电大资料整理5.(promote)He looks happy today, I guess he has got a promotion.6.(patience )Judy is certainly unfit for the teaching profession for he is too impatient with slow learners.7.(explode)Did you hear the terrible explosion last night?8.(wonder )Have you ever read this story .Tts reallya _wonderful_one .9.(unexpected)To tell you the truth,his speech was quite out of my expectation 三 单选（语法）1.”Were all three people in the car injured in the accident?” ”No, only the two passengers who got hurt.”A there is B it were C there was D it was2.He never hesitated to help those who are in need of his help _he could. A as long as B now that C since D while3.Shakespeare wrote many of his plays_ the reign of leueen Elizabeth I .A.during, B.in , C.since , D.at 4.His parents _, the orphan is now taken care of by her uncle .A.have died , B.dying, C.dead, D.having died.5.No one of us has a clear idea _to do .A.what , B.the , C.others, D.want6.Many a man _sacrificed _-life for the cause of revolution.A.Has -his , B.have -his , C.have -their, D. has-their7._this is an event of world historic significance is quite evidednt.A.What, B.that , C. because , D.since 8.The train hasnt arrived yet ,so we _.A needed not hurry B neednt have hurried C didnt need to hurry D need havent hurried9.I think it is wise _him not to accept their offer.A for B of C to D from 10.In spite of your living so far away. We both hope very much_.A.Your coming, B.that you come , C.you to come , D.that you will come .11._because the guard was asleep.A. The prisoner should escape B .The prisoner must escapeC. It was impossible for the prisoner to escape D. It was possible for the prisoner to escape12.The manufacturers _carried out one of the chairmans proposals ,but they didnt.A must have B couldnt have C ought to have D shouldnt have13._to the moon some day, I should see the surface of the moon with my own eyes .A.would I go , B. were I go , C.If I go , D.If I had gone14.He said she was used to going to bed late ,_?A. Didnt he , B. did he , C. wasnt he , D.was she 15. the peope have become masters of their own country _science can really serve the people.A It is only then/that B It was that/when C It is only when/thatD It was when/then16.They are believed in their experiment.A to have already succeeded B to succeed already C to be succeeded
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