2019年高考英语二轮复习 1-11 名词性从句提能专训.doc

2019年高考英语二轮复习 1-11 名词性从句提能专训.单句语法填空(名词性从句)1(xx山东潍坊高三联考)It is our responsibility, so _ I dont want now is to push it to the students.答案：what解析：考查主语从句。此处引导主语从句，因为引导词在从句中作want的宾语，表示“的事情”，所以用what引导该从句。注意：that引导主语从句时不充当句子成分。2Research suggests an increase in voice is a signal _ someone is lying.答案：that解析：考查同位语从句。句意：研究表明声音的提高是一个人在撒谎的标志。分析句子结构可知，空格后的句子意思完整，不缺少任何成分，故用that引导同位语从句，该从句用于解释说明signal的内容。3The small mountain village _ we spent our holiday last month lies in _ is now part of Hubei.答案：where; what解析：考查定语从句和宾语从句。“_ we spent our holiday last month”是定语从句，修饰先行词The small mountain village，定语从句中缺少地点状语，故第一空用where; “_ is now part of Hubei”是宾语从句，从句中缺少主语，故用what。4(xx辽宁瓦房店高三二模)His family members gave some examples of _ his drinking and smoking had affected the family.答案：how解析：考查宾语从句。分析句子结构可知，“_ his drinking and smoking had affected the family”是宾语从句，引导从句的连接词表示方式，故用how。5(xx湖南岳阳高三质量检测)It has been proved _ several new kinds of medicine _ a positive effect on the cure of H7N9.答案：that; have解析：考查主语从句和主谓一致。分析句子结构可知，It是形式主语，真正的主语是主语从句“_ several new kinds . the cure of H7N9”，该主语从句的引导词仅起连接作用，无任何意义，故第一空用that，从句中several new kinds of medicine作主语，谓语动词用复数形式。6It is no use doing _ you like; you have got to like _ you do.答案：what; what解析：考查名词性从句。句意：干你喜欢的事是没有用的；你得喜欢你所干的事。第一空引导宾语从句且在从句中作like的宾语，表示“的事情”，故用what；第二空引导宾语从句且在从句中作do的宾语，表示“的事情”，故也用what。7He jumped out of bed and ran to the door to see _ the parcel was for.答案：who解析：考查宾语从句。句意：他从床上跳下来，跑到门口去看这个包裹是给谁的。分析句子结构可知，空处引导宾语从句，从句作see的宾语，且空处在从句中作介词for的宾语。8(xx北京海淀区高三期末)You can plain, but I doubt _ it will make any difference.答案：whether解析：考查宾语从句。句意：你可以发牢骚，但我对这样做是否有用表示怀疑。从句意和句子成分看，这里用whether引导宾语从句，表示“是否”。9(xx合肥高三质量检测)The bride and groom gave _ attended their wedding some gifts to share their happiness.答案：whoever解析：考查宾语从句。句意：新郎和新娘给任何一个参加他们婚礼的人发一些礼物以分享他们的幸福。分析句子成分可知，“_ attended their wedding”是宾语从句，从句中缺少主语，再结合句意可知应用whoever。10Helen has just heard the news from her father _ her boyfriend David will e back soon.答案：that解析：考查同位语从句。句意：海伦刚从她的父亲那儿得到消息，她的男朋友大卫很快就会回来。分析句子结构可知，“_her boyfriend David will e back soon”是同位语从句，且从句意思完整。不缺少任何成分，故用that引导。11(xx成都高中毕业班检测)The message of Saving Private Ryan is _ humans want peace, not war.答案：that解析：考查表语从句。句意：拯救大兵瑞恩传达的信息是人们想要和平而不是战争。此处引导表语从句，从句不缺少成分，所以用that。12(xx浙江名校新高考研究联盟联考)There is still some doubt _ the system will work even though all the factors have been considered.答案：whether解析：考查同位语从句。句意：即使所有的因素都考虑了，系统是否会运行仍有些疑问。whether引导的同位语从句作doubt的同位语，whether表示“是否”。13(xx北京东城区高三检测)John seemed puzzled about _ the question meant.答案：what解析：考查宾语从句。句意：John似乎对这个问题意味着什么感到很迷惑。根据句子的结构判断，about后接的是宾语从句，而从句中缺少宾语，再结合句意可知，要用what。14The teacher wont explain _ it is that makes his students so fascinated by his lessons.答案：what解析：考查宾语从句。“_ it is that makes.by his lessons”为宾语从句，另外，从句使用了强调句型，强调主语what。15It is announced that big prizes will go to _ finishes the assignment on time.答案：whoever解析：考查宾语从句。分析句子结构可知，“_ finishes the assignment on time”是宾语从句，从句中缺少主语；再结合“大奖将颁给任何一个按时完成任务的人”可知，此处应用whoever。.阅读理解(科普研究类时事新闻类议论说明类)A(xx届高三大联考二)(Reuters)Australian scientists are attaching tiny sensors to thousands of honey bees to track their movements in a trial aimed at stopping the spread of diseases that have wiped out populations in the northern hemisphere.Scientists at the monwealth Scientific and Industrial Research Organization (CSIRO), Australias national science agency, said the chips could help follow socalled colony collapse disorder, a situation where bees mysteriously disappear from hives, and the invasion of other harmful insects.Scientists will use a small tool to glue on the sensors, weighing about 5 milligrams and measuring 2.5 millimeters square, after leaving the bees to sleep by refrigeration. Some young bees, which tend to be hairier than older bees, need to be shaved before the sensor can be glued on. Scientists will examine the effectiveness of pesticides(害虫) in protecting the bees from colony collapse disorder.The study will also enable farmers and fruit growers to understand and manage their crops, given the honey bees important role in the pollination(授粉) of crops globally, the CSIRO said in a statement issued on Wednesday.“Honey bees play a vital role in the landscape through a free pollination service for agriculture, which various crops rely on to increase yields，” the CSIROs Paulo de Souza, who is leading the project, said in the statement, “Using this technology, we aim to understand the bees relationship with its environment.”Scientists plan to fit sensors on 5,000 bees in the southern island state of Tasmania over the Australian summer. The radio frequency identification sensors work like an electronic tag for cars on a toll road, recording when insects pass a checkpoint. That will allow scientists to build a threedimensional(三维) image of the insects movements, a process described as “swarm sensing”The scientists are working on shrinking the sensor to 1 mm square so they can be attached to smaller insects, including mosquitoes.1Why did the Australian scientists track the honey bees?A. To attach tiny sensors to the small bodies.B. To make experiments on these such bees.C. To find what has caused the death of bees.D. To spread some kind of disease to insects.2Some bees disappear from their hives _.A. due to the colony collapse disorderB. because of being infected of illnessC. due to chips glued to their bodiesD. because of the terrible environment3Which is the benefit of the study?A. To increase the bee population.B. To help the farmers against disasters.C. To improve our living conditions.D. To stop any harmful insects invading.4What is the main idea of the passage?A. All the insects movements disturb the life of bees.B. Fewer and fewer honey bees are living in Australia.C. Australian scientists track bees to stop diseases.D. Advanced technology is used on honey bees.答案：1C解析：目的意图题。依据文章第一段的aimed at stopping the spread of diseases.可知，科学家的目的是阻止影响蜜蜂群体的某种疾病的传播。故选C项。2B解析：细节理解题。依据文章第一段可知，科学家研究的目的是找出影响蜜蜂的疾病，第二段的the invasion of other harmful insects表明，由害虫入侵带来的某种疾病，导致蜜蜂突然失踪。故选B项。3A解析：细节判断题。依据文章第一段的.that have wiped out populations in the northern hemisphere可知，某种疾病导致蜜蜂数量下降，因此研究的结果有助于提高蜜蜂的数量。故选A项。4C解析：主旨大意题。文章讲述了澳大利亚科学家用芯片跟踪蜜蜂进行的研究，其目的是找出影响蜜蜂群体的疾病。故选C项。BResearchers have discovered a previously undocumented species of allfemale lizard (蜥蜴) that can reproduce itself by cloning.Leiolepis ngovantrii is a small lizard found only in the Mekong River delta in south Vietnam.The species was discovered by a Vietnamese scientist who came across tanks full of them at small restaurants in villages in Ba RiaVung Tau Province.The scientist, Ngo Van Tri of the Vietnam Academy of Science and Technology, became intrigued when he noticed that all of the lizards appeared to be female.He contacted an American colleague about what he had seen who came out to assess the findings.Dr Lee Grismer, a professor at La Sierra University in Riverside, California, and his son, Jesse Grismer, a doctoral candidate, flew to Hanoi and travelled to a little restaurant twodays trip away where the owner had promised to set aside some of the lizards to be studied.However, by the time Dr Grismer and his son arrived, they found that the owner had cooked all the lizards to serve up to customers and there were none left.Determined not to abandon their study the men hired some children to track down and catch as many lizards as they could find.With around 60 lizards caught and identified, the scientists discovered that they had a previously undocumented species.“Its an entirely new lineage (血统) of life that was being eaten and sold in restaurants for food, ”says Grismer. “But its something that scientists have missed for hundreds of years.”After DNA sampling carried out on the tiny lizards the men made another surprising discovery: all of the lizards were female, and were clones of their mothers.Grismer says that the lizards they discovered are likely to be a hybrid mix of two similar lizard species in the area. He adds that tapping into local knowledge has led to many new discoveries.Its not that (a species) is not known . locals know all about them. Its just that theyre not known to scientists.5. Leiolepis ngovantrii is a kind of lizard that _.A. can clone itselfB. was documented beforeC. is expensive in restaurantsD. can be found in north Vietnam6. The underlined word “intrigued” in Paragraph 4 probably means _.A. relaxed B. nervousC. interested D. disappointed7. When Grismer and his son reached the restaurant, they found that _.A. the lizards were well keptB. the owner broke his wordC. the customers didnt like the lizardsD. the lizards were taken away by some children8. What is Grismers attitude towards the discovery?A. Hopeful. B. Satisfied.C. Doubtful. D. Surprised.答案：【语篇解读】本文是新闻报道。文章主要介绍了可以自我克隆的蜥蜴。5. A解析：细节理解题。根据第一段中的that can reproduce itself by cloning可知。6. C解析：词义猜测题。根据第四段中的all of the lizards appeared to be female及上下文内容可知，Ngo Van Tri很好奇，故选C项。7. B解析：推理判断题。根据第六段中的the owner had promised to set aside some of the lizards to be studied及第七段中的the owner had cooked all the lizards to serve up to customers and there were none left可知，店主不信守诺言。8. D解析：细节理解题。根据倒数第三段中的made another surprising discovery可知。C(xx广东深圳高三第二次调研) Leading experts on the Internet, technology and policy have shared the same opinion on what we can expect in the next decade when it es to connectivity and its effects on society. The Pew Research report asked thousands of experts and members of the public for opinions on “the most significant overall influences of our uses of the Internet on humanity”and some had a rosier outlook than others. “The smartest person in the world nowadays could well be stuck behind a plough in India or China，” said Hal, Googles chief economist. “Enabling that personand the millions like him or herwill have a strong effect on the development of the human race.” Early Internet pioneer David Hughes agreed: “When every person on this planet can municate twoway with every other person on this planet, the power of nationstates to control every human inside its geographic boundaries may start to disappear.” Wearables (electronic equipment that people can wear) could monitor more than just steps, predicted UC Berkeleys Aron Robertsor do more than just monitor: “We may literally be able to adjust both medications and lifestyle changes on a daybyday basis or even an hourbyhour basis.” Microsoft Researchs Jonathan Grudin is more pessimistic (悲观): “By making so much activity visible, it exposes the gap between the way people behave and the way we think they ought to behave. Adjusting to this will be an unending, difficult task.” And the difference between the rich and the poor will have a new aspect：“Only the welloff (and welleducated) will know how to preserve their privacy，” warned one expert. “Will the Internet make it possible for our entire civilization to fall down together, in one big awful step? Possibly.” admitted Harvards Doctor Searls. “But the Internet has already made it possible for us to use one of our unique advantagesthe ability to share knowledgeto a degree higher than ever before.”9. As for the influences of our uses of the Internet on humanity, some of the experts are _.Arealistic Boptimistic Cdoubtful Dcareful10. According to Hal, in the future, those who will influence the development of human race are _.AGoogles economists BChinese and IndiansCthe educated persons Dworld leading experts11. People will be able to change their lifestyles at any time according to _.Athe development of munication skillsBthe suggestions made by puter expertsCthe prediction made by the home putersDthe data recorded by the puters worn on body12. The underlined word “this” in Paragraph 6 refers to _.Athe visible activities mentioned aboveBthe way we thought they ought to behaveCthe way people really behave in lifeDthe rule people ought to obey in life13. Which of the following can best express the meaning of the last paragraph?AAdvantages and disadvantages of the Internet.BDevelopment of the Internet and human beings.CKnowledge and civilization of human beings.DPossibilities of the Internet for the future users.答案：【语篇解读】本文是一篇科普说明文。互联网专家们认为在未来十年因特网将对人类社会产生深远的影响，其中印度人和中国人将通过因特网影响人类的发展，这种影响有不利的一面，也有积极的一面。9B解析：观点态度题。难度中等。根据第二段“.opinions onthe most significant overall influences of our uses of the Internet on humanityand some had a rosier outlook than others.”可知，专家们对因特网对人类影响的态度是积极的。故B项正确。10B解析：细节理解题。难度中等。根据第三段“The smartest person in the world.in India or China.and the millions like him or herwill have a strong effect on the development of the human race.”可知，Hal认为中国人和印度人将对人类的发展有极大的影响。故B项正确。11D解析：推理判断题。难度中等。根据第五段“Wearables.could monitor more than just steps.adjust both medications and lifestyle changes on a daybyday basis.”可推知，人们可以通过穿在身上的记录了数据的电脑设备改变自己的生活方式。故D项正确。12C解析：指代判断题。难度中等。根据上句中的“it exposes the gap between the way people behave and the way we think they ought to behave”以及本句内容可知，this代指上句中的“the way people behave”。故C项正确。13A解析：段落大意题。难度中等。根据该段第一句中“Will the Internet make it possible for our entire civilization to fall down together，in one big awful step？”可知，因特网有可能使我们的文明倒退；根据该段第二句“But the Internet has already made it possible for us to use one of our unique advantagesthe ability to share knowledgeto a degree higher than ever before.”可知，因特网使我们共享知识成为可能。故A项正确。.语法填空Have you ever heard that we humans use only ten percent of our brains? This myth holds _1_ certain appeal because if it _2_ true, then we could instantly bee ten times _3_(intelligent) just by firing up that sleepy majority of the brain!The idea that we use only a small fraction of the brain dates back to animal experiments in the 19th century. When scientists _4_(stimulate) a specific part of the brain, the animal moved _5_ leg or tail. And some scientists assumed that large parts of the brain were simply useless.Then, in the early 20th century, scientists observed that stimulating certain regions of the brain had no physical effects ，which are _6_ the “silent cortex”. Today we know that much of the “silent cortex” is actually devoted to plex activities like language learning and imagining.Actually, _7_ we sleep, many areas of the brain are extremely active. Would you be smarter if your entire brain constantly worked to maximum capacity? _8_(interest) enough, the opposite is probably true. The less brain activity you need to perform a _9_(give) task, the more the brain as a whole is capable _10_ doing.1_2._3._4._5_6._7._8._9_10._答案：1. a2. were3. more intelligent4. stimulated5. its6. called7. as/when8. Interestingly9. given 10. of