2019-2020年高考英语优等生百日闯关系列 专题12 书面表达.doc

2019-2020年高考英语优等生百日闯关系列 专题12 书面表达方法与技巧题型介绍：书面表达是考查考生用英语表达自己思想的能力，即运用所学的英语知识及合乎英语习惯的表达方式来传递信息，进行思想交流的能力。这将要求考生根据所给的情景和要求，在限定时间内(一般30分钟)写出100个词左右的书面材料。因此考生要做到：审题正确、要点全面，能够运用所学的语法结构、词汇知识，使上下文连贯，同时语言要准确、得当，条理清楚，书写规范。所以，具有良好的书面表达能力是非常必要的，它也进一步突出了对考生创新能力的考查。命题形式：一、试題突出了交际性、实用性书面表达的内容主要取材于校园、家庭生活和一般外事活动，符合高中学生的年龄 特点和生活背景，基本都是考生己经熟悉的或将来有可能经历的事情，情景真实可信。 所提出的要求符合考生的实际英语水平，具有可写性，能够充分展示学生的书面表达能力。二、全国新课标考查应用文的可能很大，命题形式一般是提纲作文。所以艺体生重点训练提纲式应用文。解题技巧：一、 重视语篇衔接，提高思维蝶变一篇好的Writing，不仅要要点完整，表达规范，还需要有把这些内容有机联系起来的语篇衔接手段，即我们常说的关联词、连接性副词、以及一些介词和短语。这些往往是好的Writing出彩的部分。因为这样的衔接才能使句子之间、段落之间有连贯性和整体性。 有不少的同学认为语篇连接手段是个很高层次的东西，实际上，这些连接手段对于同学们来说并不陌生，常见的语篇连接手段有： 表时间/次序：First， in the first place， second; 表并列/递进： too， also，as well as， in addition， furthermore； 表举例：For example， for instance，表总结：as a result， in summary， in short，等。 每年高考书面表达的参考范文所使用的连接手段也较为简单，有些考生的书面表达事实上已经超过了参考范文的水平。只要我们平时注意养成良好的逻辑思维和表达习惯，再掌握一些常用连接词或短语，考场作文就能得心应手。 二、掌握写作技巧，高分书面表达“书面表达”是考查考生综合运用英语能力的一种题型，根据其一般规律，它要求考生对所给情景和要求写一篇书面材料，做到所写的内容符合所给的情景和要求，文理通顺。它既象作文，又不完全是作文，因为考生不能离开情景和要求自行立意、选材，随意发挥。它类似翻译，但又不同于翻译，因为考生必须根据需要进行适当的发挥，因而有较大的灵活性。所以在做这种题目时，要掌握一个总的原则是“不漏、不错、不多写、不乱写”。具体地则从以下四个方面去考虑、着手：1、读题，明确要求，做好必要的准备工作。高考的书面表达，题材较多，有给文字背景材料的，有看图作文的，还有两者皆而有之的。对于文字背景材料，考生要仔细阅读，看懂题目要求，并对材料进行必要的删减。文字材料中有的是有用信息，有的是无用信息。不进行必要的删减，则会使做出来的书面表达轻者增加了错误的可能性，重者文不对题，逻辑不清。2、组织，进行必要的语言准备。读题工作结束后，考生要就提供的信息或画面进行语言上的组织。这一环节非常重要，对“书面表达”的流畅和符合逻辑是举足轻重。读题的核心工作是作必要的删减，组织的主要工作是作适当的补充，给框架补“血”补“肉”，使所要写出来的文章意思连贯，语言畅通，逻辑严密。3、转换，进入实质性的语言加工阶段。要做好这一阶段的工作，关键是掌握这么几条原则，多用简单句，少用复合句；多用短句，少用长句；讲究简明扼要，摒弃烦琐复杂，意思混浊不清。这一阶段是得分最终高低的关键所在。因此，除了掌握以上重要的原则外，还应在具体操作中注意选择正确的主语人称和动词的时态，多用贴切的固定短语，尽量使用自己“拿手”的句子，经常留意句子的语法是否符合要求。从更高要求来说，用英语思维并一气呵成地完成书面表达是最佳方法，这是上上策。但对于大多数英语水平尚未达到这一步的考生来说，转换过程中进行有效的控制是非常必要的。只有进行这样的控制，才能有效地控制错误的发生，才能少扣分，多得分。4、检查，“书面表达”的最后一道工序。最后一道工序意味着一旦稍有疏忽，很难再有弥补，也就无法挽回。因此，仔细认真地检查对于最终的得分是十分重要的。在检查过程中应注意以下几个方面： （1）信息点是否完整，有没有遗漏。根据评分标准，漏信息点是要扣大分的（23分）。要细致小心，一一检查，确保无一遗漏。 （2）语法正确。语法包括两个方面，一是词法，二是句法。词法方面主要检查时态、语态、主谓一致、冠词、名词单复数和词语搭配等。句法方面主要检查是否使用一些熟悉句型，特别是尽力使用简单句这一原则贯彻得如何。总之，要做好“书面表达”是一件并非容易的事情，它需要平时的积累，需要考生在平时的英语学习中加强训练，以求水到渠成之功。当然，考前的归纳和总结也十分重要，因为它往往起着事半功倍的效果。体验高考1.【xx重庆卷】写作青少年研究专家Susan Beacham在自己的英文网站上开辟专栏，邀请大家分享心目中的“最好礼物”。她认为，礼物贵在心意，应为之付出时间和精力。假设你是李华，请用英文发帖，内容应包括：*赞同Susan的看法*你收到或送出的最好礼物是什么*该礼物的意义*期待大家回复注意：1. 词数不少于80； 2. 符合语言规范； 3. 在答题卡上作答； 4. 开头已给出（不计入总词数）。 I am a high school student from China. _.【答案】I am a high school student from China and I am quite for your opinion about best gifts: the value of gifts lies in its intension so we should devote more to them. The best gift Ive ever received is a book from my English teacher, Debbie, which she brought to me when she returned from her holiday in USA. The books name is Chicken Soup for the Teenage Soul: The Real Deal: Friends. I value this book because it shows me how to keep the balance of friendship in a positive way. And I must thank my favorite teacher for her care about me because she found me at loss dealing with friends at one time. Reading it, I have been inspired and balanced myself in life and study.I strongly remend you to read it and share what you gain with me in your reply. Yours ever, Li Hua写作技巧：一般情况下应分三段来完成改写任务：阐释Susan的观点并表示认同。收到或送出的礼物的具体描写及其意义。该部分是本写作任务的重点，应多费笔墨完成。表期待应另外起段完成，以便阅卷老师发现和评判内容要点。遣词造句尽量使用自己熟悉的词句。优秀学生一定要在保持正确的前提下尽量使用较为复杂的句型，如状语从句，定语从句，倒装句和适量的非谓语动词。特别强调：一定要注意卷面整洁并避免拼写错误。2.【xx天津卷】书面表达（满分25分）假设你是晨光中学高二(1)班的班长李津， 得知美国学生Chris 作为交换生， 下学期将到你班学习。请你根据以下提示， 给他写封邮件：(1) 表示欢迎 (2) 介绍与本地生活相关的信息（如天气， 饮食等）(3) 介绍本班情况 (4) 希望Chris做哪些事情， 以增进中美学生之间的了解和友谊注意：(1) 请勿提及与考生相关的真实信息。 (2) 可适当加入细节， 使内容充实，行文连贯。词数不少于100； 开头已给出， 不计入总词数。(1) 参考词汇： 交换生 exchange studentDear Chris, Im Li Jin, monitor of Class One, Grade Eleven.【答案】One possible version:Dear Chris，Im Li Jin, monitor of Class One, Grade Eleven. Wele to our class in China. Im glad you can join our class, which is a wonderful group. Every student not only enjoys studying, but is ready to help each other. So if you join us, Im sure you can get along well with them and quickly make friends with them, too. The climate here is changeable. Now, it is very cool in autumn and cold in winter, so dont forget to bring different kinds of clothes with you. In your spare time, you can visit some famous places of interest in our city, as well as tasting all kinds of delicious traditional Chinese local foods. We Chinese use chopsticks to have Chinese food instead of forks and knives. And I can be your tour guide if you like.As an American, there is no doubt that you are familiar with your country. So if it is convenient to you, please bring a map of America and some photos of your families，friends, and some famous buildings with you, and give us some speeches to introduce your school life and different culture of America. And well exchange our different lives and cultures together then.looking forward to your ing!YoursLi Jin【试题分析】本文要求写一封Email。有四个要点1.欢迎美国的交换生Chris到你班学习；2.介绍当地的生活、气候饮食等相关信息；3.介绍本班的情况；4.希望Chris做哪些事一促进中美学生之间的了解和友谊。应该用一般现在时。【亮点分析】本文包括了四个要点。1. 表示欢迎。2. 介绍班级情况，运用了which 引导的非限制性定语从句。not onlybut also 连接词是句子连贯。3. 注意事项。4. 希望Chris做的事。用了get along well with，make friends with，as well as， instead of， it is convenient to you等短语和固定句型。3.【xx北京卷】书面表达（共两节，35 分） (15分) 你给英国朋友Chris写一封信，内容包括： 1.你们原计划7月份一同去云南旅游；2.由于脚部受伤，你无法按原计划前往；3.表达你的歉意并建议将旅行推迟到8月份。注意： 1.词数不少于50. 2. 可适当增加细节，以使行文连贯。 3.开头和结尾已给出，不计入总词数。Dear Chris,_Yours,Joe【答案】Dear Chris,How is everything going?I remember we planned to visit Yunnan in July but now because my left foot was injured, I cannot go with you as planned.Im sorry about it. Can I suggest that we put it off until early August? I wish you could understand.Im looking forward to hearing from you soon.Yours, Joe【亮点说明】文章范文使用了高级从句及省略：1. I remember we planned to visit Yunnan in July but now because my left foot was injured, I cannot go with you as planned.2.高级短语：put off look forward to hear from考点：考查应用文写作4.【xx江西卷】书面表达 假定你是星光中学的高中毕业生李华，母校将为高一新生举办主题为“What to learn in senior high school?”的英语沙龙活动，特邀请你结合自身经历谈谈自己的体会。请根据以下提示准备一份英语发言稿。 1.学会学习：方法，习惯等； 2.学会做人：真诚，友善； 3.学会其他：考生自拟。注意：1.词数120左右； 2.发言稿开头和结尾已给出，不须抄在答题卡上，不计入总次数。Good morning, everyone! It is my honor to be here to share with you my opinions on what to learn in senior high school._Thank you! 【题型分析】 今年江西高考英语书面表达属于演讲稿写作。给予提纲，半自由半开放类。与学生实际生活十分贴切。让学生有话可说，但要得高分必须有深度的思想以及就话题语言灵活运用能力。即要能在清晰的框架内在语言和内容方面写出自己的特色。【审题要素】 写作时需注意下列几点。 1. 应该使用第一人称。全文以现在以及将来范畴的时态为主，当然不排斥用过去时态。 2. 按提纲提示清晰分段，不能缺少要点（学会学习：方法，习惯等；学会做人：真诚；友善；学会其他）。 3.注意语言逻辑性和思维想象力。多用些语际衔接性词语（first of all ，besides ，on the one hand 等）。【思路导引】首先， 思考出要学会学习，要有个符合自己的方法，要养成良好的学习习惯，要有个正确的学习态度等；思考出要学会做人，要与人和善，要和睦相处，要正气真诚等；当然还要学会锻炼，学会娱乐，学会自我管理等。然后，根据要点思考可用哪些表达法：the best way of ./ an acceptable thing is ./get into a habit of ./be active in./go over./behave well/it is kind of ./be involved in.等；根据提纲，连成句子，清晰分段。可用firstly./in addition./last but not the least等。最后，虽然试卷给出了演讲开头，但我们别忘了在演讲稿结尾时，或总结，或展望未来，或表决心等。【标准范文】Good morning, everyone! It is my honour to be here to share with my opinions on what to learn in senior high school.In the ing three years, our school life will be challenging. First, we should learn to learn efficiently. Personally, I used to try effective method to achieve my academic goals. Developing a good habit is also of importance. It really benefited me a lot to preview lessons, get actively involved in class, and review what had been taught after class.In addition, we should learn how to get along well with others. In school, I respected teachers and was friendly with classmates. It was with sincerity and faithfulness that we created a harmonious atmosphere.Finally, we should take part in sports and outdoors activities frequently. They were really helpful to build up my body and enrich my school life.No pains no gains. I am sure that with great efforts, you will enjoy a colorful and fruitful life here. Thank you!【亮点说明】重点词汇语句Challenging，used to In additionbuild up Develop a good habitget actively involved in No pains no gains.get along well with .高级句型1. Developing a good habit is also of importance. （动名词短语作主语）2. .review what had been taught after class. （名词性从句）3. It was with sincerity and faithfulness that we created a harmonious atmosphere. （强调句）4. I am sure that with great efforts, you will. （名词性从句）.段落框架First,.In addition,.Finally,.5.【xx四川卷】面表达（共35分）假设你是李夏I你的美国笔友Sam来信关心你参加高考的情况，请根据以下要点回信告知。1. 考试日期与科目； 2. 考试准备情况；3. 考试吋的状态；4. 对试题的感受； 5. 可能的考试结果。注意：1. 词数120左右； 2. 开头语和结尾语已为你写好； 3. 可以适当增加细节.以使行文连贯； 4. 文中不能出现考生真实姓名和学校名称。 参考词汇：college entrance examinationDear Sam,Thank you for your concern. _ _【答案】One possible version :Dear Sam ,Thank you for your concern. I am glad to tell you something about what you asked about our college entrance examination .The college entrance examination falls on June 7and June 8 every year ,and the subjects that we should prepare for are different depending on each province .Generally speaking , we are busy reviewing and preparing for it the moment we enter senior three ,which is considered a vital period .With the exam approaching , most students will feel nervous and upset .But by now when I am sitting the exam , I feel calm ,because I think the exam is neither too easy nor too difficult . I am sure I will get a good result .But whatever the result is, I will face it calmly. After all , I have made every effort ,and I wont regret . Best wishes ! Yours , Li Xia【亮点说明】本篇书面表达要点全面，语言流畅，时态、人称和标点符号的使用正确，很好的完成了写作任务。在作文中作者开门见山提出自己写信的目的，即告诉Sam有关高考的事情，这种结构安排符合书信类文体的结构安排。在句式方面作者使用了定语从句which is considered a vital period，状语从句whatever the result is, 宾语从句what you asked about our college entrance examination等，而且还用到了Generally speaking , With the exam approaching , After all ,等短语，这些短语和句式的使用有效地增加了文章的亮点，提高了作文档次。考点：考查提纲类作文。6.【xx陕西卷】书面表达（满分30分）假定你是中学生李华。美国一个中学校长代表团即将访问你校并出席英语周的一项活动。请根据写作要点和写作要求写一篇欢迎词。 写作要点：1.表示对客人的欢迎；2.介绍此项活动（如活动目的、内容等）；3.表达对客人的祝愿。 写作要求： 1.词数不少于100；2.称呼已经给出，请写欢迎词正文；3.不能使用真实姓名和学校名称。Dear American guests, _【答案】One possible version：Dear American Guest,On behalf of our school, I would like to express our warm wele to you. We are lucky to have you here in the middle of our English Week Activities.As scheduled, we have English Talent Show today. The purpose of this program is to develop our interest in English learning and practical abilities in listening and speaking. The programme consists of the following activities: recitation, singing, word spelling, story telling and so on. The Show will begin at two oclock this afternoon at the Student Centre. Dear guests, you are wele to take part in some activities. I hope we students will benefit from your presence.I sincerely wish you a pleasant time with us. Thank you.【解析】试题分析：本文是篇材料作文，材料非常简单，学生很容易把握写作要求和写作目的。考生在写作之前必修认真审题，首先要注意文章的时态，要求是对美国代表团的欢迎词，所以要用一般现在时。考生成文时应注意：1. 结构上：采用三段成文，第一段欢迎美国朋友的到来；第二段介绍英语周的活动；第三段表达愿望：希望获准。2. 时态：以一般现在时为主；3. 人称：第一人称；4. 注意恰当使用一些连词，使文章自然、流畅。5. 适当使用一些高级句型和词汇以提高作文档次。【亮点说明】文中使用了非常好的短语和句子为文章增色不少，比如on behalf of，As scheduled， consist of， benefit from等等；还运用了不定式to have作状语，to develop作表语等，动名词listening等作宾语，hope后宾语从句等等。考点：考查应用文写作。7.【xx安徽卷】书面表达（满分25分）为了帮助中学生健康成长，某中学英文报开辟了“HEART-TO-HEART”专栏。假设你是该栏目的编辑Jamie，收到一封署名为Worried的求助信。信中该同学向你诉说了自己的困扰：近日容易发脾气，使正常的学习和生活受到了影响。请用英文给该同学写一封回信。内容要点如下：1表示理解并给予安慰；2提出建议并说明理由。注意：1词数120左右；2信中不能出现与本人相关的信息；3信的开头与结尾已为你拟好，不计入总词数。参考词汇：temper n. 脾气，情绪Hi Worried.:Im sorry to know that youre having such a had time at the moment. Yours,Jamie【答案】Hi Worried: Im sorry to know that youre having such a bad time at the moment. The truth is everyone will have one of those periods when things seem to be wrong, so you dont have to worry so much. The important thing is to learn to control your temper so that you may not do or say anything youll regret. Here are three useful tips: First, talk to someone you trust about how you feel. This is a good way of letting your anger out without hurting others or yourself. Second, go outdoors and play team games with your friends，as physical exercise is an effective way to get rid of anger .And third, remain optimistic about your future. Such a positive attitude towards life can be helpful in lifting your spirits. I hope youll soon feel calmer and carry on as normal.Yours，Jamie【亮点说明】所给范文语言简洁，运用了一些词组：a good way of的好方法， let out 释放，get rid of消除， carry on 继续进行，句式上体现出多变的特点，如：Im sorry to know that youre having such a bad time at the moment. 这句话用了宾语从句，The truth is everyone will have one of those periods when things seem to be wrong, so you dont have to worry so much. 这句话用了表语从句和时间状语从句， The important thing is to learn to control your temper so that you may not do or say anything youll regret. 这句话用了不定式做表语和so that引导的结果状语从句， talk to someone you trust about how you feel. 这句话用了定语从句。文章还使用了合适的连接词First, Second, And third使文章很连贯。考点：考查提纲类书面表达8.【xx浙江卷】书面表达（满分30分）学校图书馆需要购置一批新书，现向学生征求意见。假如你是李越，你认为学校图书馆最需要购置科普类图书（popular science books）和文学类图书（literary books）。请你用英语给图书馆王老师写一封100120词的信，推荐这两类书，并分别说明推荐理由。注意：信的抬头与落款已给出（不计入词数）。Dear Mr. Wang, _ Yours sincerely Li Yue【答案】Dear Mr. Wang,Knowing that our library is going to buy books, Id like to give some suggestions.What we need most are popular science books. Usually popular science books explain basic principles of nature in a simple and interesting way. They help us understand science subjects better and arouse our curiosity about scientific discoveries.In addition to reading for knowledge, we read for fun and inspiration. That is why I remend another category of books：literary books. Classic works, written by masters, present great thoughts through fascinating stories and language. They not only offer us joy and excitement, but also encourage us to think critically.Ill be glad if you can consider my remendation.Yours sincerely,Li Yue【试题分析】根据提示你用英语给图书馆王老师写一封100120词的信，可知这里应该是考生比较熟悉的书信格式。学校图书馆需要购置一批新书，现向学生征求意见。先写这个内容来引出你要提出的建议。在写推荐的两类书时，要写出为什么要推荐这些书。【亮点说明】短文用了一些短语和句式增加了文章的色彩，如：would like to do；help sb do sth；not only.but also;encourage sb to do sth;That is why等，还用了一些连词使句子结构复杂化，如：What we need most are popular science books这里what引导的主语从句；That is why I remend another category of books：这里why引导的表语从句；Ill be glad if you can consider my remendation.这里是if引导的条件状语从句。考点：提纲作文。9.【xx全国新课标II】书面表达（满分25分）一家英语报社向中学生征文，主题是“十年后的我”，请根据下列要点和你的畅想完成短文。1.家庭：2工作：3.业余生活。注意：1.词数100左右：2.可以适当增加细节，以使行文连贯：3.开头语已为你写好。【答案】One possible version：I often imagine what my life would be like in the future . I think my life will be very different in ten years .i will be twenty eight years old by then . I will have my own family, probably with a lovely child . I hope I will work in a puter pany as a program designer . I will enjoy my work and get along well with my colleagues . Iwill do a good job in whatever I do .In my free time , I will continue to take regular exercise , such as swimming , running and various ball games . On my holidays , I will travel around the world .In a word , my life will be much richer and more colorful .【亮点说明】本篇范文短小精悍，要点全面，语言简练，时态人称准确，很好的完成了写作任务。在文章开头作者紧扣题目，提出自己对未来的畅想，然后从生活，工作，家庭三个方面描述了自己十年后的生活。在文中作者用到了短语In my free time , In a word , such as等介词短语，避免了文章句式的单一。此外，还用到了宾语从句in whatever I do、I will work in a puter pany as a program designer等，这些都给朴素的语言带来了亮点。考点：考查提纲作文。模拟新题精选1.【xx年东北三省三校第二次联考】近年来大城市交通拥堵严重，影响了人们的生活和经济发展，对此人们十分抱怨。假如你是李华，请根据以下要点用英语给报社写封信。1. 交通现状及影响；2. 提出改进建议；3. 希望建议被采纳。注意：1. 词数100左右；2. 可以适当增加细节，以使行文连贯；3. 开头语已为你写好，不计入总词数。Dear editor,I am writing to you to talk about the heavy traffic. _Yours,Li Hua【答案】Dear editor, I am writing to you to talk about the heavy traffic. Nowadays, people in many big cities are plaining about the heavy traffic. It has seriously influenced peoples daily life and economic development. To solve the problem, Id like to put forward some pieces of advice. For one thing, more streets and roads should be built. In this way, we can speed up the flow of buses and cars. For another, the number of bikes and cars can be limited, which can decrease the traffic flow. But the most important thing is that the number of private cars should be put under control. Meanwhile, buses should have their own special routes which cannot be used by other vehicles. Besides, underground train and city train should be developed quickly.I do hope my suggestions will be taken. Yours, Li Hua【解析】试题分析：本文是一篇书信类作文，要求给报社写一封信，主要要求有：1. 交通现状及影响；2. 提出改进建议；3. 希望建议被采纳。需要注意的有：1. 词数100左右；2. 可以适当增加细节，以使行文连贯；3. 开头语已为你写好，不计入总词数。亮点说明：本文用了书信应该用的格式，用了一般现在时，将来时等的时态穿插。用了For one thing和For another等时间词汇，条理清楚的写出了各种要点，并且自己也写出了观点考点：考查书信类作文2.【xx甘肃省兰州市3月诊断】假设你是新华中学的学生李华，想邀请来兰州参加淘宝网甘肃馆开馆一周年庆祝活动的阿里巴巴首席执行官马云来你校做一次成人礼的演讲，请你给马云首席写一封邀请信。内容包括：1说明写信的目的；2说明演讲的具体安排时间：4月28日；地点：学校礼堂; 主题：怎样通过个人奋斗实现人生理想；3表达感谢与祝福。注意：1词数100左右，开头和结尾已为你写好，不计入总词数； 2可适当增加细节，以使行文连贯。 3参考词汇：毕业典礼演讲 adult ceremony speechDear Mayun, CEO of Ali Baba, My name is Li Hua. Im a Senior 3 student from Xinhua Middle School. Yours Sincerely, Li Hua【答案】One possible versionDear Mayun, CEO of Ali Baba,My name is Li Hua. Im a student from Xinhua High School. May I have the honor to invite you to give us an adult ceremony speech on behalf of all the teachers and students of our school? The speech is scheduled to be given on April，28 at the school hall, the theme of which will be how to realize our dreams through personal efforts. We are eager to hear you talk about your own experiences and unique views.I sincerely hope you can take your time from your busy schedule, and I would appreciate it very much if you can e. Thank you in a