2019-2020年高考英语 14种从句用法总复习之定语从句用法.doc

2019-2020年高考英语 14种从句用法总复习之定语从句用法定语从句 一、定语从句用法讲解 用来修饰名词或代词的从句叫定语从句。被定语从句所修饰的名词或代词叫先行词。定语从句一般跟在先行之后。用来引导定语从句的代词叫关系代词。关系代词有who, whom, whose(指人)；that, which(指物),用来代替先行词。that也可以指人,which 不能指人。who, whom, which, that 在定语从句中作主语或者宾语；whose在定语从句中作定语。例如：This is the boy who is good at English.This the boy (whom) Mr. Cheng teaches every day.This is the boy whose father is an English teacher.This is the desk whose leg is broken.= This is the desk the leg of which is broken.= This is the desk of which the leg is broken.This is the book that/which was bought by Tom yesterday.This is the book (that /which) he bought yesterday.This is the book whose cover is gone.注意：关系代词在定语从句中作宾语可以省略。用来引导定语从句的副词（when, where, why）叫关系副词。when, where, why代替前面的表示时间、地点、原因的先行词。关系副词在定语从句中作状语。例如：I will never forget the day when I joined the Party.This is the school where Mr. Cheng works.This is the reason why Li Ping is often late for class.二、定语从句用法 定语从句是中学阶段的语法重点，也是历年高考的热点。为了帮助学生掌握定语从句的用法，提高综合运用英语的能力，笔者特作一下整理归纳和讲解，以期读者注意以下问题。 I.限制性定语从句分类表关系词及其在从句中的作用关系词起名词作用（作主语、宾语、表语）起形容词作用（作定语）起副词作用（作状语）限定性定语从句修饰主句中的某个词或短语thatwhich whowhomwhosewherewhenwhyas注意：关系代词在限制性定语从句中作宾语时可以省略。II.非限制性定语从句分类表关系词及其在从句中的作用关系词起名词作用（作主语、宾语、表语）起形容词作用（作定语）起副词作用（作状语）非限制性定语从句修饰主句中某个词或短语whichwhowherewhen介词+which修饰整个主句which不用that 和why引导这类定语从句as关系代词在非限制性定语从句中作宾语时不可以省略。三、定语从句典型错误解析 1、误：The boys who is standing at the door are my sons.正：The boys who are standing at the door are my sons.解析：关系代词在定语从句中主语，其谓语动词与先行词保持一致。2、 误：This is one of the best books that has ever been written on the subject. 正：This is one of the best books that have ever been written on the subject.解析：在“one of the +复数名词+定语从句”结构中，复数名词是先行词，关系代词在定语从句中作主语，其谓语动词用复数形式。3、误：This is the only one of the best books that have ever been written on the subject.正：This is the only one of the best books that has ever been written on the subject.解析：在“the only one of the +复数名词+定语从句”结构中，one 是先行词，关系代词在定语从句中作主语，其谓语动词用单数。4、误：A plane is a machine can fly.正：A plane is a machine that can fly.解析：在限制性定语从句中，关系代词在定语从句中作主语时不能省略；作宾语时在口语中可以省略。在非限制性定语从句中，关系代词不能省略。又如：The finger (that )I put into my mouth was not the one (that)I had dipped into the cup.Abraham Lincoln, who led the United States through these years, was shot on April 14,1865.His mother, whom he loved dearly, died in 1818.5、误：Who is the man which is reading the newspaper?正：Who is the man that is reading the newspaper?解析：that 指物，有时也可以指人,which 指物，不能指人。6、误：The room in that she lives is a large one.正：The room in which she lives is a large one.解析：which 可以引导非限制性定语从句，也可以放在介词后面，that 则不能。7、误：This is the best film which I have seen.正：This is the best film that I have seen.解析：先行词前面有形容词最高级，序数词next, last, very, any, little, no，only 等修饰时，用that 不用which引导定语从句。8、误：Thats all which I want to say.正：Thats all that want to say.解析：先行词是all, much, little, none等时，用that而不用which引导定语从句。9、误：Is there anything which you want in this shop?正：Is there anything that you want in this shop?解析：先行词是不定代词something, anything, nothing, everything时，一般用that而不用which引导定语从句。注意：当something表示具体的事物，重要的东西，重要的人物等确定意义时，它是名词，关系代词用that 或which均可。例如：There was the mysterious something which/that they had worked so hard to find: radium.10、误：He talked about some writers and books which/who were unknown to us all. 正：He talked about some writers and books that were unknown to us all. 解析：先行词是人和物时，要用that 而不用which/who引导定语从句。11、误：The predicate is that that is said of the subject. 正：The predicate is that which is said of the subject. 解析：先行词本身是that 时，一般用which引导定语从句。12、误：Who is the girl who is singing in the hall?正：Who is the girl that is singing in the hall?解析：在who开头的疑问句中，若还要用关系代词引导定语从句时，用that引导定语从句。13、误：Here is the English grammar book that , as I have told you, will help to improve your English.正：Here is the English grammar book which, as I have told you, will help to improve your English.解析：当关系词后面有插入语时用which引导定语从句。14、误：I have three friends, none of them can speak French.正：I have three friends, none of whom can speak French.正：I have three friends and none of them can speak French.解析：定语从句要用关系词引导。注意：若把逗号“，”改为“and”误句也就变为正确的句子了。15、误：This is not such a book that I want.正：This is not such a book as I want.解析：先行词受such, the same 修饰时，通常用as 引导定语从句。例如：This is the same book as I want.试比较：the sameas 与the same thatThis is the same knife as I lost.这把刀跟我丢的是一模一样的。（两把刀）This is the same knife that I lost.这把刀就是我丢的。（一把刀）16、误：Tom did not pass the exam，as made his mother very angry.正：Tom did not pass the exam, which made his mother very angry.解析：as和which指整个主句的内容，引导非限制性定语从句有时可以通用。as引导的定语从句可以位于句首、句中或句末；which 引导的定于从句一般只位于句末。as引导的定语从句常与know, see, report, say, expect, announce等动词连用，翻译为“正像一样”；which引导的这类定语从句时常作实义动词的主语，当它引导的从句与主句之间含有并列关系或结果关系时，一般用which。17. 误：It is the first time that I came to Beijing.正：It is the first time that I have e to Beijing.解析：在It is the first/second/last time that 结构的定语从句中用完成时态。又如：It was the second time that he had e to Beijing.这是他第二次来北京。18. 误：Remember to send me a photo of your son next time you will write to me.正：Remember to send me a photo of your son next time you write to me.解析：在修饰时间的定语从句中通常用一般现在时表示将要发生的动作。19. 误：I shall have finished the work by the time the teacher will e.正：I shall have finished the work by the time the teacher es.解析：在限制时间的定语从句中用一般现在时表示将要发生的动作。又如：Remember to send a photo of your son next time you write to me. 记住下次给我写信的时候寄一张你 儿子的照片。20、误：This is the school that Mr. Cheng works. 正：This is the school where Mr. Cheng works. 解析：先行词是表示时间、地点、原因的名词，引导定语从句是用关系副词还是用关系代词，关键在于关系词在从句中充当的成分。如果充当状语，就用关系副词引导定与从句；如果充当主语或宾语，则用关系代词。例如：This is the school that Mr. Cheng set up ten years ago.这是程老师十年前开办的学校。I will never forget the day when I joined the Party.我永远不会忘记我入党的那一天。I will never forget the day that I spent with Mr. Green.我永远不会忘记我和格林先生一起度过的那一天。That was the reason that he gave me yesterday. 那是他昨天给我提供的理由。That was the reason why he gave me a note yesterday. 那就是他昨天为什么给我一个条子原因。21. 误：Have you ever had a case that someone accused your journalists of getting the wrong end of the stick?正：Have you ever had a case where someone accused your journalists of getting the wrong end of the stick?解析：case 在此句中作抽象名词，意为“情况”，有地点含义。当它作先行词时，如果关系词在定语从句作状语，通常用where。 这类用法的词还有：situation, position, stage, point，work, job, activity 等。例如：There are some cases where this rule does not work. 在有些情况下，这个规则是不实用的。The country is in the situation where a war will break out at any time. 这个国家政处在随时都会爆发战争的局势中。We are at a stage where we need to be stronger. 我们现在处于一个需要更加强大的阶段。They have reached the point where they have to separate. 他们已经到了必须分手的地步。He is still at school, but he is in a position where he will never have to work again. 他现在还在学校，但以后他也不必再工作。 22.误：Those that want to go to the cinema will have to wait at the gate of the school. 正：Those who want to go to the cinema will have to wait at the gate of the school. 解析： 当先行词是one, ones, anybody, anyone,all, none, those 等, 指人时一般用who,不用that。 注意：关系副词一般可以改为“介词+which”。例如：The reason why/for which I didnt e this morning is that it rained hard.1949 was the year when/in which the Peoples Republic of China was founded.This was the city where /in which he was taken away by the enemy.why 不能引导非限制性定语从句。关系代词that 有一种特殊的用法。that 在限制性定语从句中可以作状语，表示时间、地点、原因和方式,代替when , where, why,或“介词+which”。例如：We will never forget the year that(= when)SARS broke out in China.That is the place that(=where)the health workers fought against SARS.This was the reason that(=why)there were over xx SARS cases in Beijing.注意：这种用法在现代中学英语中很少使用。 先行词是way关系词在从句中作状语时，可用that, in which, 它们也可以省略。例如：That was the way in which we fought against SARS.That was the way that we fought against SARS.That was the way we fought against SARS.这就是他们抗击非碘方式。from where中的where 为关系代词。例如：He stood near the north window, from where he could see the whole garden.He climbed up to the top of the temple, from where he could see nothing but trees. 当先行词是case, situation, position, stage, point，work, job, activity 等时，如果关系词在定语从句作状语，通常用where。 例如：This is the very point where Id like your advice. 四、定语从句专练 I. 选择填空：从A、B、C、D四个选项中，选出可以填入空白处的最佳选项。1.Finally, the thief handed everything _ he had stolen to the police.A. which B. what C. whatever D. that2.His parents wouldnt let him marry anyone _family was poor.A. of whom B. whom C. of whose D. whose3.All _is needed is a supply of oil.A. the thing B. that C. what D. which4.He paid the boy 10 for washing ten windows, most of _ hadnt been cleaned for at least a year.A. these B. those C. that D. which5.She heard a terrible noise, _ brought her heart into her mouth.A. it B. which C. this D. that6.After living in Paris for fifty years, he returned to the small town _ he grew up as a child.A. which B. where C. that D. when从A、B、C、D四个选项中，选出可以填入空白处的正确选项。7 a. This is one of the most interesting films _ shown last week.b. This is the only/very one of the most interesting films _ shown last week.A. which was B. that was C. which were D. that were8 a. He has two sons, _ are college students.b. He has two sons, and _ are college students.A. both of which B. both of whom C. both of them D. both of it9. a. He still lives in the room _ window faces to the east.b. He still lives in the room, the window _ faces to the east.c. He still lives in the room _ is in the north of the city.d. He still lives in the room _ there is a beautiful table.A. which B. whose C. where D. of which10a. _ leaves the room last ought to turn off the lights. b. _ who leaves the room last ought to turn off the lights. c. _ who leave the room last ought to turn off the lights.A. Anyone B. Who C. Those D. Whoever11a. _ we all know, China is rich in natural resources. b. _ is well-known that China is rich in natural resources. c. _ is well-known, China is rich in natural resources.A. Which B. As C. It D. That12a. Ill never forget the days _ we studied together. b. Ill never forget the days _ we spent together.A. that B. / C. when D. on which E. A and B13a. This is the only way _ you can find. b. I dont like the way _ he spoke to his mother.A. that B. / C. in which D. A, B and C E. A and B14a. Galileo collected facts _ proved the earth and all the other planets moved around the sun. b. Galileo collected facts _ the earth and all the other planets moved around the sun.A. that B. which C. / D. A and B15a. Is this museum _ they visited last month? b. _ cleans the blackboard is to be praised.A. that B. the one C. which D. the one who16a. It was eleven oclock _ they went out of the cinema.b. It was at eleven oclock _ they went out of the cinema.A. which B. that C. when D. on which17. The orphan came from Henan Province, _ is far from here.A. which B. that C. where D. in which18. The reason _ Im writing to you is to tell you about a party on Saturday.A. because B. why C. for D. as19. Do you remember one evening a week ago _ I came to your room and borrowed a dictionary?A. that B. which C. when D. where20. The beautiful village, _ we spent our holiday last month, lies at the foot of the mountain.A. where B. that C. which D. what21. She had two daughters, _ became doctors.A. all of them B. all of whom C. both of them D. both of whom22. The two things _ they felt very proud were Jims gold watch and Dellas hair.A. about which B. of which C. in which D. for which23. The magazine _ Betty paid one dollar was very good.A. that B. which C. for which D. to which24. We admired him for the way _ he faced his difficulties.A. in which B. in that C. which D. how25. The clever boy made a hole in the wall, _ he could see what was happening inside the room.A. in which B. through which C. at which D. on which26. Is this village _ they visited last month?A. that B. which C. where D. the one27. The first birthday gift her parents _ was a necklace.A. gave it to her B. gave her C. gave her it D. gave it for her28. Robert is good at languages, _ we all know.A. because B. for C. as D. since29. Who is the man _ our headmaster just shook hands?A. of whom B. that C. with whom D. with who30. There is only one problem _ they disagree.A. about which B. of which C. on which D. that31. He is a man _ we can learn.A. of whom B. that C. of who D. from whom32. People think highly of the patience _ he serves the customers.A. of which B. with which C. that D. by which33. The picture, _ he paid 60, 000, was once owned by Tom.A. for which B. that C. of which D. by which34. I will never forget the day _ I joined the Party.A. when B. at which C. that D. which35. He has not reached the proper age _ he can marry.A. that B. at which C. by which D. on which36. Tom is the student _ our teacher got angry.A. with who B. to whom C. about whom D. with whomII.改错37.He has done everything carefully which you asked him to.38.Some of the boys I invited them didnt e.39.Those who has finished may leave the classroom.40.This is the only one of the rivers in China that flow northward.41.Children eat a lot of sugar often get bad teeth.42.I shall pare this book with that that we read last term.III.单项选择（易与定语从句混淆的四种结构）43.When you read the book, youd better make a mark _ you have any questions.A. at which B. at where C. the place where D. where44.We expressed the hope _ Mr. and Mrs. Smith would e to visit China the next year. A. that B. which C. what D. when45.It was in the bookstore _ I met your brother the other day.A. where B. that C. in which D. in that46. Yesterday my math teacher set such a difficult exam problem _none of us worked it out. A. that B. as C. so that D. which47.Toms mother kept telling him that he should work harder, but _ didnt help.A. he B. which C. she D. it48. Mr. Cheng is such a kind teacher _ he is always ready to help others. A. as B. that C. who D. which49. He is so good a man, _ every one likes to help. A. who B. which C. so that D. which50. Last Saturday our English teacher set such a difficult exam problem _ none of us worked out.A. that B. as C. so that D. whichKey:1-5 DDBDB 6B 7a.D b.B 8 a.B b.C 9a.B b.D c.A d.C 10 a.D b.A c.C 11 a.B b.C c.B 12a.C b.E 13a.E b.D 14a.D b.A 15a.B b.D 16a.C b.B 17A 18B 19C 20A 21D 22B 23C 24A 25B 26D 27B 28C 29C 30C 31D 32B 33A 34A 35B 36D 37which- that 38去掉them 39hashave 40flowflows 41 eat- who eat 42with that- with that one 43D 44A 45B 46D 47.D 48B 49B 50BIV 从A、B、C、D四个选项中，选出可以填入空白处的最佳选项。1. Many countries are now setting up national parks animals and plants can be protected. A. when B. which C. whoseD. where2.The book tells stories of the earthquake through the eyes of those _ lives were affected.A. whoseB. thatC. whoD. which3. Mo Yan was awarded the Nobel Prize for Literature in xx, made one of the Chinese peoples long-held dreams e true.A. it B. that C. what D. which4. Happiness and success often e to those _ are good at recognizing their own strengths. A. whomB. whoC. whatD. which5. The president of the World Bank says he has a passion for China, he remembers starting as early as his childhood.A. where B. which C. what D. when 6.He wrote a letter _ he explains what had happened in the accident.A. whatB. whichC. whereD. how7. He may win the petition, _he is likely to get into the national team.A. in which case B. in that caseC. in what caseD. in whose case8. There is no simple answer, _ is often the case in science. A. as B. that C. when D. where9. Finally he reached a lonely island _ was pletely cut off from the outside world. A. whenB. whereC. which D. whom10. is often the case with children, Amy was better by the time the doctor arrived. A. It B. That C. What D. As11. Nowadays people are more concerned about the environment _ they live. A. what B. which C. when D. where12. We have launched another man-made satellite, is announced in todays newspaper.A.that B.which C. who D. what13. “You cant judge a book by its cover,” .A. as the saying goes oldB. goes as the old sayingC. as the old saying goesD. goes as old the saying14. John incited about 40 people to his wedding, most of are family membersA them B. that C. which D. whom15. The children, _ had played the whole day long, were worn out.A all of what B all of which C all of them D all of whom16. The museum will open in the spring with an exhibition and a viewing platform _ visitors can watch the bid glasshouses being built.A what B where C when D why答案：1-5DADBB 6-10CAACD 11-15DBCDD 16B