2019-2020年高考英语优等生百日闯关系列 专题13 语法填空（三）.doc

2019-2020年高考英语优等生百日闯关系列 专题13 语法填空（三）方法与知识中等生在进行完词汇的复习之后，基础知识就基本巩固。第二个阶段就是根据高考题型进行对接训练。在短时间内熟悉高考题型并巩固基础知识。在新课标高考试卷中，语法填空题型是英语基础知识的最集中的体现。所以，我们依托高考题型语法填空来复习英语的基础知识，从句中的连接词是语法填空中常考的内容。常考的词类包括：定语从句、名词性从句、状语从句和特殊句式。这些词有一个共同特点，在高考试题中多以选择连接词的形式进行考查。定语从句命题规律 定语从句是高考的热点，对于定语从句考纲要求掌握以下内容：1.引导限制性定语从句的关系词；2.引导非限制性定语从句的关系词；3.限制性与非限制性定语从句的区别；4.介词+关系代词的用法；5.不定代词/数词+of which/whom引导的非限制性定语从句及其该结构与并列句的判断；6.关系词之间的异同现象及选用。定语从句基本考点：（1）关系代词引导的定语从句who，whom，that这些词代替的先行词是表示人的名词或代词，在从句中可作主语、宾语等，其中whom只能作宾语。which，that所代替的先行词是表示事物的名词或代词，在从句中可作主语、宾语等。whose用来指人或物，在定语从句中只作定语。（2）关系副词引导的定语从句关系副词when，where，why的先行词是表示时间、地点或理由的名词，在从句中作状语。需要特别注意：a. 当先行词为一些表示抽象地点的名词，如：point，situation，case，stage等，如果引导词在从句中作状语，常用关系副词where引导定语从句；如果不作状语，则用关系代词that/which。b. 先行词为occasions，当“时机”讲时，用关系副词when；当“场合”讲时，用关系副词where。the way后面的定语从句的关系词。在定语从句中，the way是一个比较特殊的先行词，当它在从句中充当方式状语时，其后的关系词可以是in which，that或省略；但是当它在从句中充当主语、宾语成分时，其后的关系词就用that或which。（3）“介词关系代词”引导的定语从句 “介词关系代词”中的关系代词只有whom(指人)，which(指物) 和whose三个。 “复合介词短语关系代词”引导的定语从句常与先行词用逗号分开，定语从句常用倒装语序。 “ofwhich/whom”表示所属关系。(表所属关系也可用whose) 需要特别注意：该考点考查的重点在于“用不用介词”和“用什么介词”。因此在答题时我们必须注意解题思路。可采用“先行词还原法”将先行词还原到从句中来确定正确的介词，具体做法是：a. 把先行词放在从句中，从句子的意思来判断用不用介词和用什么介词。b. 注意从句中动词、形容词、名词与介词的固定搭配。（4）as和which引导的定语从句 as引导的限制性定语从句关系代词as，which引导非限制性定语从句的区别：a. as引导的非限制性定语从句，既可在主句前，又可在主句后，有时还可插入主句中，而which引导的非限制性定语从句只能置于主句之后。b. 当非限制性定语从句放在主句前面时，只能用as。注意此时与名词性从句的互换。c. as意为“正如”，后面的谓语动词多是see，know，expect，say，mention，report，announce等；which意为“这一点”。（5）定语从句中的主谓一致关系代词作从句的主语时，从句中谓语动词的人称和数要与先行词保持一致，先行词是句子时，从句的谓语动词用单数形式。“one of+复数名词”位于关系代词前作先行词时，关系代词在从句中作主语，从句的动词通常用复数，但当one前有the, the only, the very等修饰时，从句的谓语动词要用单数。名词性从句命题规律名词性从句是高考的热点，对于名词性从句考纲要求掌握以下内容：掌握主语从句、宾语从句、表语从句的基本用法，了解同位语从句的基本用法。要求考生在复习备考中应该掌握名词性从句的基本用法；一些易混引导词的辨析；句子的语序、否定前移；名词性从句和定语从句、状语从句的辨析等。名词性从句基本考点：（1）名词性从句的连接词连接词that，whether和ifI. 这三个连词在句中只起连接作用，不作句子成分，that本身无意义，有时可省略，whether和if本身有意义，均不能省略。that和whether可以连接所有的名词性从句，而if引导名词性从句时只能引导宾语从句或不在句首的主语从句。II. whether与if的用法比较二者均可作“是否”讲，都可以引导名词性从句，引导宾语从句时可以互换。在下列情况下，常用whether，不用if：a. whether引导从句可以放于句首。b. whether可引导表语从句和同位语从句，if不可。c. whether可以作介词宾语，if则不可。d. whether后可以加不定式，if不可。e. 可以用whether.or引导让步状语从句，意为“无论，不论”，if则不可。连接代词引导名词性从句的连接代词有：who，whom，whose，what，which，whatever，whichever，whoever。连接代词在句中既起连接作用，同时又充当主语、宾语、定语、表语等成分。连接副词引导名词性从句的连接副词有：when，where，how，why。连接副词在句中既是连接词，又作状语。（2）主语从句主语从句在复合句中充当主语，大多数主语从句都可以用it作形式主语而把主语从句置于句尾。that引导主语从句时可用it作形式主语，that不可省；what引导的主语从句表示“的东西”时，一般不用it作形式主语；whatever，whoever，whichever一般也不用it作形式主语。I. It系动词形容词(necessary，right，likely，unlikely，wrong，important，certain，clear，obvious，strange，normal等)that从句II. Itbe名词(短语)(a pity，a shame，good news，a fact，an honour，a wonder，no wonder等)that从句III. Itbe过去分词(said，told，heard，reported，decided，suggested，advised，ordered，remembered，thought，considered，wellknown，announced等)that从句IV. It特殊动词(seem，appear，happen，matter)that从句注意：a. 在“It is necessary，important，strange，naturalthat从句”结构中，从句常用“(should)动词原形”形式。b. 在“Itbesuggested，advised，ordered，requested，insisted，requiredthat从句”结构中，that从句应用“(should)动词原形”。（3）宾语从句在句中起宾语作用的从句称为宾语从句。宾语从句可分为三类：动词的宾语从句、介词的宾语从句和形容词的宾语从句。动词的宾语从句I. 大多数动词(hope，tell，say，know，think，consider，imagine，hear，expect，suppose，guess等)可以带宾语从句。注意：在think，believe，suppose，expect等动词引导的宾语从句中，有时谓语尽管是否定意义，却不用否定形式，而将think等动词变为否定形式，这一现象称为否定前移。II. 动词find，feel，think，consider，make，believe等后有宾语补足语时，则需要it作形式宾语而将that宾语从句后置。III. 有些动词带宾语从句时习惯上需要在宾语从句前加it。这类动词(词组)有hate，enjoy，like，love，dislike，see to等。一般情况下介词后只能用wh类连接词引导宾语从句。注意：a. where引导的从句有时也可用作介词的宾语。b. that引导的从句作介词的宾语是很少有的，只有在except，in，but等介词后偶尔可能用到。sure，certain，glad，pleased，happy，surprised等表示“情感”的形容词后也可带宾语从句。（4）表语从句在句中作表语的从句称为表语从句。共分三类：主句的主语是idea，advice，suggestion，order，request，requirement等名词时，表语从句的谓语应用虚拟语气，即“(should)动词原形”的形式。主语为名词reason时，表语从句中的连接词要用that，而不用why或because。because，as if，as though，as，like等连接词也可引导表语从句。（5）同位语从句同位语从句是用以解释说明某一名词内容和实质的从句。能接同位语从句的名词有：belief，fact，hope，idea，doubt，news，conclusion，suggestion，problem，order，answer，decision，explanation，information，thought等。同位语从句一般用that引导，但也可以用连接代词(what，which，who)、连接副词(when，where，why，how)或whether引导。有时同位语从句不紧跟在它所说明的某个名词后，而是被别的词隔开。（6）名词性从句的几个难点that通常不可省略的四种情况：I. 引导主语从句，that置于句首时不可省略。II. 当一个句子有两个或多个并列的宾语从句时，引导第二个和以后几个从句的that不可省略。III. 在由it作形式宾语，that引导的宾语从句中，that也不可省略。IV. 引导表语从句和同位语从句时，that也不可省略。what与that的区别：what在从句中充当一定成分并且具有特定含义“的人(地方、东西)等”；that只起引导作用，在主语从句中不充当任何成分并且也没有含义。状语从句命题规律考纲要求在复习状语从句中掌握如下几点：1.全面掌握状语从句的九大类别；2.根据历年高考试题，对状语从句的考点要进行全面的归纳，在九大类别中的考查热点中，重点把握在引导时间、地点、条件、让步、比较、原因状语从句的连词运用上；3.熟练运用出现频率较高让步状语从句和原因状语从句；4.做好易混词的辨析如：as， when， while等，时间状语从句因为连接词容易出现在一些常用结构里也经常出现；5. 掌握状语从句中的时态、语态、语气、省略；6.与其它从句、句型结合起来分析、辨析。状语从句基本考点：（1）时间状语从句 when 引导时间状语从句，意为“当时”，表示主句的动作和从句的动作同时或先后发生。 while引导时间状语从句，意为“与同时，在期间”，从句常用延续性动词或状态动词。 as引导时间状语从句，意为“正当；一边一边；随着”等意思，表示两个动作同时发生。 as soon as，immediately，directly，instantly，the moment，the minute，the instant，no sooner.than.，hardly/scarcely.when.和once这些从属连词引导的从句都表示从句的动作一发生，主句的动作随即就发生，常译为“一就”。从句中用一般时态代替将来时态。注意：no sooner.than.，hardly/scarcely.when.的时态搭配：no sooner与hardly/scarcely后的句子谓语动词应用过去完成时，而than与when引导的句子谓语动词应用一般过去时。此外，当把no sooner和hardly/scarcely提到句首时，应用倒装语序。before/sincea. 表示“还未就；不到就；才；还没来得及就”。b. It will be一段时间before.“多久之后才”。c. since的常用句型：It is (has been) /was一段时间since(从句用一般过去时/过去完成时) until/till主句为肯定句时，谓语用延续性动词；主句为否定句时，谓语用非延续性动词。（2）地点状语从句 通常由连词where和wherever引导，从句可位于主句之前，也可位于主句之后。 地点状语从句在句首时常兼有抽象条件意味。 where引导的状语从句和定语从句的区别。where引导地点状语从句直接修饰动词，而在定语从句中where作为关系副词要跟在表示地点的先行词后面。（3）条件状语从句 通常由if“如果”， unless“如果不；除非”，as (so) long as“只要”，in case (that) “结果，万一”，once“一旦”，when“既然”等连词引导。由on condition (that)，provided (that)，providing (that) “倘若；假使”， supposing (that)，in case“如果”等引导的条件状语从句。（4）让步状语从句 让步状语从句可由although，though，as，while，even if (though)，whatever (wherever，whoever.)，whether.or.，no matter who (when，what.) 等引导。 while作“尽管”讲，引导让步状语从句时，往往放在句首。（5）原因状语从句和方式状语从句 原因状语从句通常由because，since，as，now that，seeing (that)，considering that等引导。 方式状语从句用来表示主句谓语动作发生的方式，常由as“像一样”， as if (though) “似乎，好像”等引导。（6）目的状语从句引导目的状语从句的连词主要有in order that，so that，for fear that “害怕，担心发生某事”， in case “以防”等。从句中常用may，might，can，could，should等情态动词。特殊句式命题规律从近几年高考试题来看，特殊句式主要考查倒装句、省略句和强调句的用法。特殊句式比较杂乱，掌握起来有一定的难度。其中倒装句是高考的热点，强调句是高考的难点。同时，祈使句与陈述句的区别、省略与替代的合理运用也是高考考查的重点项目。近三年的高考题更加注重考查知识之间的交叉现象，如在考查强调句的同时考查定语从句，把省略、强调句与时间状语从句、地点状语从句的考查等融合在一起，考查考生综合把握语言知识的能力。特殊句式基本考点：（1）倒装句 完全倒装a. 表示方式或方位的副词或介词短语，如here，there，now，then，up，down，in，away，off，out，in the room，on the wall等置于句首时，句子用完全倒装。b. 表语位于句首时，其倒装结构为“表语连系动词主语”。 部分倒装a. only修饰副词、介词短语或状语从句，且放在句首时。b. 否定副词never，nor，not，hardly，little，seldom，scarcely，rarely及表否定意义的介词短语at no time，under/in no circumstances，in no case，by no means，on no condition等置于句首时。c. 当so/neither/nor位于句首时，可将其后的部分谓语置于主语之前，构成部分倒装。d. hardly.when.，no sooner.than.，not only.but also.等连接两个句子且hardly，no sooner，not only位于句首时，前一个句子用部分倒装，后一个句子不倒装。e. 在so.that.和such.that.句式中，如果so或such引导的部分位于句首时，主句中的主语和谓语需要部分倒装。f. as/though引导让步状语从句时，可将表语、状语或谓语动词提前，构成倒装。句式为：表语、状语或动词原形as/though主语其他。(though引导的从句也可用正常语序) （2）强调句型 强调句的基本句型是“It is/was被强调的部分that/who其他部分”。被强调的部分可以是主语、宾语和状语等。 强调句型的一般疑问句只需将is/was提前；特殊疑问句的结构是“疑问词is/wasitthat从句”。 如果原句中含有“not.until”，在强调时间状语时，将主句中的否定词not连同状语一起提前。 do/does/did强调句型：do/does/did只能对谓语进行强调，且只能用于一般现在时和一般过去时的肯定句中。（3）省略在when，while，whenever，till，as soon as，if，unless，as if，though，as等引导的状语从句中，若谓语部分含有be动词，而主语又与主句主语相同或主语是it时，从句的主语和be动词常被省略。Im afraid，I think，I believe，I hope，I guess等作答句，后面跟so与not分别等于肯定或否定，宾语从句可省去。不定式省略，单独使用不定式符号to。注意：用来代替动词不定式后被省略的动词，常在be afraid/glad/happy，expect，forget，hope，intend，like，love，mean，prefer，refuse，seem，try，want，wish等的后边，但be动词后有助动词be 和 have时，be 和 have不能省略。【考例分析】【例1】 He was very tired fromdoing this for a whole day, _he felt very happy since the crop did “grow” higher.【解析】but 句中very happy与very tired是转折关系，两句间是逗号且没有连词，故填连词but。【例2】So Nick called to his son, “Go to the village and buy some salt, but pay a fair price for it: neither too much _ too little.”【例3】In the days when an ice cream cost much less, Tom, an 8-year-old boy, entered a hotel coffee shop _ sat at a table.【解析】and 句中entered a hotel coffee shop和sat at a table是主语发出的两个并列的动作。【例4】Cursing my misfortune, I was wondering where I was going to spend the night when I realized that the villagers who had gathered around me were arguing as to _ should have the honor of receiving me as a guest in their house.【解析】who 引导宾语从句且在从句中做主语，指人。【例5】 One day, he came up with an idea _he would pluck up all of his crop a few inches.【解析】that引导同位语从句，说明idea的具体内容，从句意义完整且不缺句子成分。【例6】The new boy looked at the teacher for a few seconds and all the other students wondered _ the boy would do.【解析】what 引导宾语从句并在从句中作do的宾语。【例7】Jane paused in front of a counter _ some attractive ties were on display.【解析】where 句子+句子，中间必填连接词；后句修饰前句，关系副词where在从句中作地点状语。【例8】 He filled his leather container so that he could bring some back to an elder _ had been his teacher.【解析】who/that 代替an elder，引导定语从句并在从句中做主语。【例9】Behind him were other people to _ he was trying to talk, but after some minutes they walked away and sat near me, looking annoyed.【解析】whom 还原talk to sb.可知，用whom引导定语从句。【例10】We understand this lesson best _ we receive gifts of love from children.【解析】when 引导时间状语从句，表示“当时”。【例11】My friends walked me to the bus stop and waited with me _ the bus arrived.【例12】_ he thought he could escape attention by sitting at the back, he was wrong.【解析】If 表条件。he thought与he was wrong是两个句子，没有连词。【方法总结】如何判断空格处应填连接词？(1) 并列连词：如果空格在两个或几个单词或短语之间，那么就可能填连词。(2) 主从复合句的连接词：如果两个句子之间没有连词，也没有分号或句号，那么一定是填引导从句的连接词。体验高考 xx辽宁卷 阅读下面材料，在空白处填入适当的内容(不多于3个单词)或括号内单词的正确形式。Jonny：Hey！Im just practising Tai Chi(太极)Would you like to join me?Peter：I know nothing about it.Is it difficult?Jonny：It seems easy，but you need a lot of practice.You just follow me like this.Peter：OK.Dont laugh _1_ me.I may look funny.Jonny：Bend your knees slightly and reach out your arms like tree branches，naturally and _2_ (soft)Try to keep your body straight.Move slowly，then be sure to keep your balance and dont let your body shake.Peter：I cannot control my body well.My legs bee _3_(pain)Jonny：Keep _4_(hold) your position for a while.It helps develop your strength and flexibility.Raise your leg and let _5_ stay in the air for seconds.Peter：I feel my legs shaking.I cannot do this any longer.Jonny：Be patient！Tai Chi _6_(call) “shadow boxing” in English.It asks you to act like water：to be flexible as well _7_ strong.In real petition，a Tai Chi master borrows the strength of the petitor and uses this energy to fight back.The _8_(hard) you try to beat him，the more likely you will get hit.He controls you!Peter：Unbelievable！Oh，_9_ you dont mind，Ill stop and take a deep _10_.【答案】【小题1】at【小题2】softly【小题3】painful【小题4】holding【小题5】it【小题6】is called【小题7】as【小题8】harder【小题9】if【小题10】breath【解析】试题分析：【小题1】考查介词。句意是：不要嘲笑我。这里使用了词组：laugh at“嘲笑”。用介词at。【小题2】考查副词。句意：慢慢弯曲膝盖，象树枝一样自然地轻柔地伸展手臂。用副词softly修饰reach out。【小题3】考查形容词。根据上文的内容，可知Peter不能控制自己的身体，腿很疼。形容词painful“疼的”。【小题7】考查词组as well as。句意：它要求你表现的象水一样，要灵活也要有力。填as【小题8】考查固定句型。你越是努力击败他，就越可能被击败。使用了the+比较级+主谓，the+比较级+主谓的句型，填harder【小题9】考查连词。这句话的意思是：如果你不介意，我会停下来，喘口气。使用if引导条件状语从句。【小题10】考查名词。take a deep breath深呼吸，喘口气。考点：考查语法填空模拟新题精选1.【xx届山东省烟台市高三一模诊断测试】The way we cook is important. In many countries, the two choices are 1 (nature) gas or electric-powered stoves.The World Health Organization warns that millions of people 2 (suffer) from indoor air pollution at present time, which results from the use of 3 (danger) fuels and cook-stoves in the home.WHO officials say nearly three billion people are 4 (able) to use clean fuels and technologies for cooking ，heating and lighting. As a result, more than seven million people die from exposure to indoor or outdoor air pollution each year. Most of the deaths are in 5 （develop） countries, such as lndia, China and Latin American countries.WHO officials say opening a window or door 6 （let）out the harmful air will not correct the situation 7 will only pollute the outdoors.Nigel Bruce, 8 is a professor of Public Health at the University of Liverpool, says researchers are developing good cook-stoves and other equipment to burn fuels 9 a more efficient way.But, this is just a start. It is urging developing countries to use 10 (clean) fuels and increase access to cleaner and more modern cooking and heating appliances（用具）.【答案】【小题1】natural【小题2】are suffering【小题3】dangerous【小题4】unable【小题5】developing【小题6】to let【小题7】It/That【小题8】who【小题9】in【小题10】cleaner【解析】试题分析：世界卫生组织发现烹饪的方式是非常重要的。由于烹饪方式的错误，所以很多人们遭受着空气污染的困扰。现在，有研究人员正在研究能够有效利用能源的烹饪器材。【小题1】natural 考查形容词。通过下文的gas可知此处需要形容词以修饰名词gas，故填natural，构成短语natural gas，意为天然气。【小题2】are suffering 考查时态。通过下文的at present time可知，这件事情是正在发生的。故选用现在进行时，填are suffering，意为正在遭受。【小题3】dangerous 考查形容词。通过下文的fuels可知此处需要形容词以修饰名词fuel，故填dangerous，意为危险的能源。【小题4】unable 考查形容词。根据上文的are可知此处需要填形容词，但是再根据句意为可知：三十亿人们无法使用干净的能源，故加上其否定前缀，填unable。【小题5】developing 考查形容词。根据下文所举例子可知，这些国家都是发展中国家，故填developing，构成短语developing countries，意为发展中国家。【小题6】to let 考查非谓语动词。本题考查非谓语动词担当目的状语的用法，上文的open a window or door的目的是为了让有毒的空气流通出去，故选用不定式表示目的，填to let。【小题7】It/That 考查代词。本句句意为：只会污染户外。通过上下文的理解可知，这里所指内容为上文提到的开窗或门。故填it或that指代这一行为，注意首字母大写。【小题8】who 考查定语从句的关系词。本句为非限制性定语从句，先行词为Nigel Bruce，在从句中担当主语，故填who。2.【山东省潍坊市重点中学xx届高三12月阶段性教学质量检测】阅读下面材料，在空白处填入适当的内容(不多于3个单词)或括号内单词的正确形式。Sue: Hi, Josh. I just saw you having your driving lesson. How_1_it go?Josh: It was OK at first. But I had to do some parking at the end and I kept _2_(get) that wrong.Sue: Im sure its all hard. My sisters just learned to drive but Ive _3_ (decision) to leave it for another year or two. I dont think Im old enough.Josh: I just dont want to ask my parents for lifts. It would be_4_(easy) for them if I could drive.Sue: It would be of great_5_ (useful). But are you ready to take the driving test soon?Josh: Perhaps I will fail in this time. I need some time _6_(practise) any way.Sue: Are you going to get your own car after the test?Josh: My parents have said theyll get _7_for me. They know I cant_8_(real) afford it.Sue: Youre lucky. Are you planning to drive to college like our classmates each day?Josh: I think I _9_(continue) taking the bus. The petrol would cost too much_10_ theres nowhere to park either.Sue: Maybe thats best.【答案】【小题1】did【小题2】getting 【小题3】.decidedmade a decision【小题4】easier 【小题5】use【小题6】to practise【小题7】one【小题8】really【小题9】will continue【小题10】and【解析】试题解析：本题主要考查单词拼写以及在此基础上需要考生能运用正确的时态，正确的词的形式，考虑到正确的固定短语搭配，属于较为基础的一类题目。【小题1】did 考查句子结构及语态分析。首先此句为疑问句，根据句子结构，空白处缺少助动词do，再分析时态，由just saw可知为一般过去时，故此处填did。句意：嗨，Josh，我刚看见你在练车，你学的怎么样啦？【小题3】decidedmade a decision 考查动词短语。此处给定词为名词，时态为完成时态，故此处需接名词的动词形式或动词短语，做决定decidemake a decision，完成时态动词为过去分词形式。故填decidedmade a decision。句意：我相信那很难，我姐姐刚刚学车，但我决定过一两年再学，我想我年龄还不够。【小题4】easier 考查形容词比较级。根据后文if引导的虚拟语气，可知此处为比较级，故填easier。句意：我只是不想找我的父母寻求帮助来提高水平，我想如果我会开车的话，他们会轻松很多。【小题5】use 考查be of用法。be + 形容词意同be of + 与此形容词对应的名词。所以此处缺乏名词，应填写useful的名词形式use，意为有用，意同be useful。句意：那一定很有用，但是你准备好马上就考驾照吗？【小题6】to practise 考查need用法。Need需要，可接名词，表示需要，可接动词不定式形式，表示需要做，故此处应填to practise。句意：可能我这次会失败。但不管怎样，我都需要一些时间去练习。【小题7】one 考查冠词用法。根据前文“ Are you going to get your own car after the test?”你准备拿到驾照之后就买车吗？可知空白处应表示自己的车。此处为避免重复，应使用one来代指问题中提到的自己的车。故填one。句意：我父母说他们会买给我，【小题8】really 考查副词用法。分析句子结构，主谓宾均完整，空白处缺乏副词。Real为形容词，表示真的，副词形式为really表示确切地，真实地。故填really。句意：他们知道我真的担负不起。【小题9】will continue 考查时态。根据语境以及后文中的would可知，此处Josh想表示自己将来的状态，应为一般将来时，故填will continue。句意：我认为我会继续乘坐公交车。【小题10】and 考查连词用法。分析句子，此处空白处前后均为完整的两个句子，可知此处缺乏连词。在分析前后两句逻辑关系，分别指出不买车的原因，应为并列关系。故填and。句意：汽油会浪费很多钱，而且也没有地方可以停车。考点：考查单词拼写及其正确形式。3.【辽宁省丹东五校协作体xx届高三期末考试】阅读下面材料，在空白处填入适当的内容(不多于3个单词）或括号内单词的正确形式。I gain a lot of rewarding experiences from some social activities. Our local munity Youth Club is a very popular organization with young people in my town. I have been a member for four years now and Ive taken part in a lot of interesting projects, 1 include fun activities such as holiday camps and discos. We have organized sports petitions and we have even made a video.But it isnt all just enjoyment, we have also started doing social work to help people in our neighborhood. We 2 (organize) activities for small children during the holidays. We have also formed a special support group to help young people stop 3 (smoke).We are particularly proud of the most recent group we have created. It organizes regular visits 4 the local old peoples home. My class spent an afternoon at a home and everyone found the visit very rewarding. The old people there were 5 (talk) and they told us their personal stories 6 (cheer) . During our visit, the home was filled with _ 7 (laugh).But we realized that life wasnt always easy .Some of them were in poor health and were very 8 (happy).Many young people like me do not live with our grandparents and we have little contact with elderly people. As a result, many young people dont know 9_ they are like. After this visit, my friends and I decided that we should do _ 10 to help improve the quality of their lives.【答案】【小题1】which【小题2】have organized/organised【小题3】smoking【小题4】to【小题5】talkative【小题6】cheerfully【小题7】laughter【小题8】unhappy【小题9】what【小题10】something【解析】试题分析：【小题1】本句考查定语从句。先行词为上句的projects，在非限制性定语从句中担当主语，故填which。句意为：我已经参加了很多有趣的项目，其中包括一些很有意思的活动，比如假日营地和迪斯科。【小题2】本句考查时态。通过上文的we have also started doing social work to help people和下文的We have also formed a special support group可知本句用现在完成时，故填have organized。【小题5】本句考查形容词作表语。句意为：那儿的老人们都很健谈。故填talkative。表示健谈的。【小题6】本句考查副词作状语。修饰动词用副词。故填cheerfully。句意为：他们高兴地告诉我们他们的一些事情。【小题7】本句考查名词作宾语。空格前为介词，故其后需填名词laughter。句意为：老人之家里充满了欢声笑语。【小题8】本句考查形容词用法。前一个分句表示：有些人健康状态不好，由此可以推断出他们非常不开心，而不是开心。故填所给词happy的反义，所以填unhappy。【小题9】本句考查名词性从句。本句为宾语从句缺表语，故填what。句意为：因此，很多年轻人都不知道他们什么样。【小题10】本句考查不定代词。根据句意：这次拜访之后，我和我的朋友们决定我们应该做些什么去帮助改善这些老人的生活质量。做些事，用短语：do something。考点：考查此类用法4.【辽宁省锦州市xx届高三上学期期末考试英语】阅读下面材料，在空白处填入适当的内容（不多于3个单词）或括号内单词的正确形式。Everyone has his own attitude 1 getting old. The night before her eighth birthday, I found my daughter Lizzy sat on her bed 2 (weep).“I love being seven,”she cried.“I dont want to be eight!”I held her in my arms and explained that 3 was going to be even better to be eight than being seven. I told her how much I loved her and 4 a wonderful birthday she was going to have. 5 (eventual) she was forted. Its always strange 6 (tell) that you are a year older, even when you arent very old. Now Im in my early 60s, and I dont always recognize the face in the mirror, 7 something has changed the way that I think. The process of aging increasingly interests and amazes me, annoys and irritates me, and sometimes still makes me 8 (frighten), too, but much, much less than it used to. There is 9 ongoing sadness at the absence of the friends and family members 10 have died before me.【答案】【小题1】towards/to【小题2】weeping【小题3】it【小题4】what【小题5】Eventually【小题6】to be told【小题7】but【小题8】frightened【小题9】an 【小题10】who【解析】试题解析：本文讲述作者对于变老的态度。【小题1】考查固定短语。have an antitude to/toward 对有态度，根据句意是每个人都对变老有自己的态度，故填towards/to；【小题2】考查固定短语。find sb.doing sth.发现某人正在干某事，根据句意是我发现女儿坐在床上正在哭，故填weeping【小题3】考查形式主语。根据句子63 was going to be even better to be eight than being seven.后半部分to be eight than being seven.应是真正的主语，因此用it做形式主语，故填 it【小题4】考查感叹句。What+an/a+adj.+n.，意为多么该句意为她将会拥有多么美妙的生日，故填what【小题5】考查词语变形。根据句子she was forted 要修饰动词，只有用副词，故要将eventual 变为副词形式，故填Eventually【小题8】考查词语变形。根据句子sometimes still makes me