2019-2020年中考英语 语法专题突破 专题一 名词 人教新目标版.doc

2019-2020年中考英语 语法专题突破 专题一 名词 人教新目标版编者按：系统分析河北近5年试题，重点是单项选择、完形填空、词语运用题，逐命题点统计考查频次，表格直观呈现，并在各命题后批注考情，便于快速把握重点，逐一攻克。考纲要求1.可数名词及其单复数2.不可数名词3.专有名词4.名词所有格考查点年份题号选项设置分值名词词义辨析xx29printer/radio player/camera1分43glass/weight/water/height1分44minute/night/day/week1分45mother/teacher/doctor/friend1分xx30ice/soup/salt/sugar1分46boys/girls/men/women1分50town/market/garden/school1分55pay/time/advice/love1分xx29color/size/smell/shape1分49fear/trouble/surprise/danger1分50titles/orders/stories/questions 1分51discussion/practice/meeting/review1分xx30potato/banana/candy/pie1分53results/films/prizes/drawings1分55chance/practice/difference/experience1分201130prize/prizes/hobby/hobbies1分48advice/picture/idea/card1分52note/word/address/letter1分名词单复数xx79riverrivers1分80wishwishes1分xx81footfeet1分xx85festivalfestivals1分名词转换201182sciencescientist1分82playplayers1分分析河北近5年中考真题可以看出，名词为单项选择题的必考点，且近两年偏向名词词义在语境中的辨析，句子设置的语境贴近学生生活实际。对名词单复数的考查会和词义辨析结合，注重对语境的考查。对名词所有格的考查也会和单复数结合，侧重于不规则变化的名词复数。设题形式均为简单句，以两个单句为主，一个句子提供语境，另一个句子设题，词数在912个。另外，完形填空和词语运用中也会涉及对名词的考查，完形填空侧重考查名词的词义辨析，而词语运用则侧重对名词单复数的所有格的考查。预计xx年河北中考的单项选择仍会考查名词词义辨析题，且与语境紧密结合。完形填空也会涉及23道名词词义辨析题，且与上下文语境相结合。词语运用中考查名词变复数的可能性较大。河北中考重难点突破名词名词辨析【考点抢测】()1.If Peter es to us by any chance，please ask him to leave a _AletterBsentenceCmessage Dnotice()2.(xx石家庄42中模拟)If you go to visit London，dont forget to bring your _. Because it rains a lot.Apassport BmoneyCmap Dumbrella()3.(xx石家庄28中模拟)Its your _ as a teacher to protect your students.Aduty BhobbyChabit Dmanner()4.Jennifer takes a lot of exercise every day and she is always full of _Aknowledge BenergyCchange Dcourage()5.Its a good _ to have breakfast every morning.Ahabit BjobCmenu Dskill()6.I want to write for international _ to bee a writer.Achairs BputersCdoors Dmagazines()7.The Internet is very useful. We can get a lot of _ from it.Athings BtroublesCquestions Dinformation()8.Lin Shuhao is one of the best basketball _ in NBA.Aactors BplayersCwaiters Dwriters()9.Please pick me up at the _. My plane arrives at 8：00 am.Ahotel BairportCmuseum Dtheatre()10.(xx保定17中模拟)I will stay at _ when the summer holiday e.Ahouse BhomeCfamily Dflat()11.Its kind of you to offer your _ to the old in the bus.Aseat BspaceCplace Droom()12.(xx张家口9中模拟)Now there are more and more new drivers，but they havent got a correct _ of direction.Aidea BfeelingCexperience Dsense【满分点拨】分析河北中考近几年单选和完形对名词辨析的考查，主要以语境辨析和近义词辨析为主。1语境辨析分析河北中考近几年单选和完形，名词辨析侧重于对语境辨析的考查，同时较少涉及单复数、固定搭配。学生在做题时，首先应读懂句意，抓住题干中关键信息，并分析各个选项的意思，结合日常生活的常识及语境，即可选出正确答案。学生可结合河北试题研究话题词汇分类速记表中常见名词基本词义，并背诵教材中常见的固定搭配。2近义词辨析近义名词在河北中考中没有涉及，老师可根据以下所列常见近义名词适当补充。1family，home，house与room2noise，sound与voice3question与problem4work与job5message，information与news6village，city与countryside7clothes，cloth与clothing8photo，picture与drawing9population与people10road，street，path与way11exercise，exercises与practice12class与lesson13country，nation，state与land14police与policeman15trip，journey，travel与tour名词的数【考点抢测】一、词语运用1The students of Grade 7 visited Mikes farm and saw many _ there.2All the _ teachers in our school enjoyed themselves on March 8th because it was their own holiday.3Im going to the supermarket to buy some milk and _ this afternoon.4Is that pair of _ a little cheaper?5These shoes are too big for my _二、 单项选择()6.(xx唐山友谊中学模拟)Hurry up，we just get a few _ to prepare for the presentation.AminuteBminutesCchance Dchances()7.I gave a bunch(束) of _ to my mom on Mothers Day.Aflowers BflowerCflour Dflours()8.(xx保定13中模拟)Mom，Ive heard that we cant eat _ these days. Is it true?Take it easy. It is safe to eat cooked meat.Achicken BchickensCa chicken Dthe chicken()9.Are there any _ in your school?Yes，there are.AGermen BGermansCGerman DGermany()10.Do you have any _？Yes，I like chess and drama best.Ajobs BjobChobby Dhobbies【满分点拨】1名词的分类类别意义例词专有名词表示人、地方、事物、机构、组织等名称的词Alice，Canada，the Great Wall普通名词可数名词个体名词表示个体的人或事物的词book，desk，table，bike，plane集体名词表示一群人或一些事物的词family，class，police，team，group不可数名词物质名词表示构成各种物体的物质或材料的词glass，water，air，paper，wood抽象名词表示状态、品质、行为、感情等抽象概念的词danger，health，love，success，interest2.可数名词单复数变化规律情况构成方法例词一般情况加scapcaps；dogdogs；bikebikes；driverdrivers以字母s，sh，ch，x等结尾加esbusbuses；wishwishes；watchwatches；boxboxes以“辅音字母y”结尾变y为i，再加esladyladies；centurycenturies；familyfamilies；storystories以f或fe结尾一般变f，fe为v，再加esleafleaves；lifelives；halfhalves；knifeknives以o结尾o前为辅音音素时加es，o前为元音音素时加stomatotomatoes；heroheroes；potatopotatoes；radioradios；zoozoos；例外，photophotos；pianopianos复合名词将后一个词变为复数toothbrushtoothbrushes；filmgoerfilmgoers两部分都变复数man doctormen doctors；woman teacherwomen teachers特殊名词改变内部元音字母footfeet；toothteeth；manmen；mousemice词尾加renchildchildren单复数同形ChineseChinese；sheepsheep；deerdeer注意：(1)由man和woman构成的合成词，其复数形式也是把man改成men。但German不是合成词，故其复数形式为直接加s。(2)man和woman作定语时，其本身的单复数形式与被修饰词的单复数一致。如：a man teachermen teachers(男老师)a woman cookwomen cooks(女厨师)3常见不可数名词归纳及用法(1)常见的不可数名词物质名词食物bread面包meat肉cheese奶酪液体milk牛奶water水wine酒oil油自然物体soil土壤sand沙子wood木头抽象名词情感joy高兴friendship友情peace和平学科math数学geography地理physics物理chemistry化学概念population人口knowledge知识(2)不可数名词量化的表示不可数名词的多少可用以下词组来表示：a block of一块a bottle of一瓶a group of一群 a pair of一组，一双，一对a piece of一片(张，块) a pile of一堆短语a pair(piece)of复数名词作主语时，中心词是pair(piece)(pieces)，故谓语动词用单数；若短语是two pairs(pieces)of复数名词作主语，则中心词是two pairs(pieces)，谓语动词用复数。(3)可数与不可数易混归纳exercise(锻炼)some exercises(练习，训练)work(工作)works(著作)glass(玻璃)a glass(玻璃杯)paper(纸)a paper(报纸，证件，试卷)wood(木头，木材)a wood(小树林)room(空间)a room(房间)life(生活)seven lives(七条生命)名词所有格【考点抢测】1One of my _ homework wasnt handed in today.(classmate)2When is _ Day?Its on June 1st，Dave.(child)()3.How far is your home from school?Its about two _ walk.Ahours Bhours Chours Dhour()4.(xx石家庄41中模拟)On the weekend，_ is so crowded that I can not find my friend.Athe center of the cityBcitys centerCcitys and centersDcitiess center()5.(xx石家庄28中模拟)Mary is _，so please treat her as yours.Aa friend of me Ba friend of mineCa friend of you Da friend of yours【满分点拨】含有and的所有格用and连接两个并列的单数名词表示两人共同拥有某物，这时只在最后一个名词后加s，用A and Bs表示。如：Mrs. King is Lucy and Lilys mother.金女士是露西和莉莉的母亲。用and连接两个并列名词，表示分别拥有各自的物品时，两个名词都在词尾加s，用As and Bs表示。如：There are Toms and Marys bags.这些是汤姆和玛丽的包。双重所有格两种形式：of名词所有格。如：He is a friend of my brothers.他是我哥哥的一个朋友。of名词性物主代词。如：Is she a daughter of yours？她是你的一个女儿吗？河北中考考点精练()1.(xx德州中考)The New York Times is a popular daily _.AdictionaryBmagazineCnewspaper Dguidebook()2.(xx广安中考)How many _ can you see in the picture?Two.Adog BchildCsheeps Dsheep()3.(xx凉山中考)_fathers didnt e to the meeting.Why?Because they have gone to Beijing.AJeffs and Amys BJeff and AmyCJeffs and Amy DJeff and Amys()4.(xx温州中考)Annie has a _，and she is going to see her dentist today.Acold BfeverCcough Dtoothache()5.(xx重庆中考A卷)Dave really likes driving.I think being a _ is just right for him.Adoctor BteacherCfarmer Ddriver()6.(xx临沂中考)I live near the station.Its only about five _ walk.Aminutes BminuteCminutes Dminutes()7.(xx天津中考)In xx，Liu Xiangs _ in hurdling was noticed by Sun Haiping.Aability BtradeCelectricity Dmemory()8.(xx承德2中模拟)Are all the students from _in your class?No，there are only 3 _in our class.The others are from other countries.AGermany；GermenBGermany；GermansCGerman；GermansDGerman；Germany()9.(xx武威中考)He has a collection of _He can not only enjoy them but also use them to mail letters.Astamps BnovelsCinstruments Dmagazines()10.(xx兰州中考)You paid ￥10 for _this morning.A4 bottle milksB4 bottles of milkC4 bottles of milksD4 milk()11.(xx邯郸25中模拟)None of them talked.They finished their meal in _Asilence BorderCplace Dpublic()12.(xx保定8中模拟)Whats your favorite，Jim?My favorite is _.I often listen to it on MP3.Asports BdanceCscience Dmusic()13.(xx河南中考)Is this photo taken in Tibet?Yes.You can see beautiful snow mountain in the _ of the photo.Aform BbackgroundCshape Dinstruction()14.(xx邢台金华中学模拟)Nowadays schools should care for the full _ of a students talents.Asatisfaction BdevelopmentCmunication Dpreparation()15.(xx济南中考)Im a little hungry now.I only drank some _ before I came to school.Abread BmilkCbanana Dnoodle()16.(xx宁夏中考)Listen! Who is singing?Its Betty.She has a sweet _.Asound BvoiceCnoise Dspeech()17.(xx石家庄40中模拟)There are fifty _ in our school.They are all friendly to us.Awoman teachers Bwomen teacherCwoman teacher Dwomen teachers()18.(xx张家口9中模拟)You look so young! How old are you?Aha! Its a_.Asuggestion BreasonCsecret Dproblem()19.(xx保定17中模拟)The customers are pleased with the_ of the restaurant.Abalance BexperienceCsurface Dservice()20.(xx原创预测)Knowledge can help open up the _ eyes to the outside world and give them a good start in life.Astudents BstudentsCstudents Dstudent