2019-2020年高考英语一轮复习 知识排查突破 book1 unit4 earthquakes 新人教版.doc

2019-2020年高考英语一轮复习 知识排查突破 book1 unit4 earthquakes 新人教版重点识记词汇1.at an end 结束；终结2.right away 立刻；马上3event n事件；大事 4.rescue n& vt.援救；营救5trap vt.使陷入困境 n陷阱；困境 6.dig out 掘出；发现7bury vt.埋葬；掩埋；隐藏 8.disaster n灾难；灾祸9a (great) number of 许多；大量的 10.damage n& vt.损失；损害11useless adj.无用的；无效的；无益的 12.reporter n记者report v报道13burst vi.(burst，burst) 爆裂；爆发 n突然破裂；爆发14ruin n废墟；毁灭 vt.毁灭；使破产in ruins 严重受损；破败不堪15nation n民族；国家；国民national adj.国家的，民族的nationality n国籍16extreme adj.极度的extremely adv.极其，非常17injure vt.损害；伤害injured adj.受伤的injury n伤害；损害18electricity n电；电流；电学electric adj.用电的；带电的；发电的electrical adj.与电有关的；电学的19frighten vt.使惊吓；吓唬frightened adj.受惊的；受恐吓的frightening adj.令人恐惧的20judge vt.断定；判断；判决 n裁判员；法官；评判员judgement n判断，审判，判断力，意见21destroy vt.破坏；毁坏destruction n破坏destructive adj.破坏性的，毁灭性的22congratulation n祝贺；(复数)贺词congratulate v祝贺23shock vt.& vi.(使)震惊；震动 n休克；打击；震惊shocked adj.震惊的shocking adj.令人震惊的24express vt.表示；表达 n快车；速递expression n词语；表达；表示expressive adj.富于表情的；有表现力的必背经典句式1.In the farmyards，the chickens and even the pigs were too nervous to eat. 在农家大院里的鸡，甚至连猪都紧张得不想吃食。2It seemed as if the world was at an end!好像世界末日到了。3Everywhere they looked nearly everything was destroyed.人们无论朝哪里看，那里的一切都几乎被毁了。4All hope was not lost.不是所有的希望都破灭了。5Mice ran out of the fields looking for places to hide.老鼠跑出田地，寻找地方躲藏。6Thousands of families were killed and many children were left without parents.成千上万的家庭被毁，许多孩子成了孤儿。构词记忆enable /IneIbl/ vt.使能够；使成为可能；使实现encourage /InkrId/ vt.鼓励；支持；促进enlarge /Inld/ vt.扩大；扩充；放大(照片) vi.增大in ruins毁坏；成为废墟fall/e into ruin逐渐破碎bring.to ruin使失败；使毁坏Heavy smoking ruined his health.过度吸烟损害了他的健康。The bad weather has ruined all my pleasure for the holiday.糟糕的天气毁掉了我度假的好心情。夯实基础语法填空(1)Years of fighting has left Iraq ruined(ruin)(2)It rained for two weeks on end，pletely ruining(ruin) our holiday.(3)This country was once proud of its education system.Now it seems to be in ruins.(4)Shortly after suffering from a massive earthquake and being reduced to ruins，the city took on a new look.2应试指导非谓语动词句法功能的考查set/lay a trap for为设下圈套be caught in a trapfall into a trap落入陷阱be trapped in 被困在；使陷入困境trap sb.into doing.诱骗某人做She had set/laid a trap for him and he had walked straight into it.她给他设下圈套，他就径直钻了进去。She was trapped in the burning house at that moment.那时她被困在燃烧着的房子里。夯实基础语法填空(1)Were you just trying to trap her into making a mistaken decision?(2)Her mother Donna was trapped(trap) in the destroyed building.(3)Mary set a trap for Peter and he really fell into it.(4)Trapped(trap) in a traffic jam，he had to be patient，waiting.3应试指导非谓语动词句法功能的考查bury sth.in.把埋在bury oneself in埋头于，专心于be buried in专心于The paper was buried under a pile of books.那份文件被埋在书堆下。She sat there，buried in thought.她坐在那儿，陷入了沉思。 夯实基础(1)用bury的适当形式填空He walked slowly，his hand buried in his pocket.The girl was sitting on the bench in the park，burying her head in the book in her hands.They think she was buried in the desert，along with a few others.(2)Because she buried herself in the film，she didnt know it was snowing outside.Burying herself in the film，she didnt know it was snowing outside. (用现在分词短语作状语改写句子)Buried in the film，she didnt know it was snowing outside. (用过去分词短语作状语改写句子)4应试指导交际用语中的用法congratulations (to sb.) on sth.就(向某人)祝贺Congratulations！祝贺你！(口语)congratulate vt.祝贺，向道喜congratulate sb.on sth.为某事向某人祝贺Congratulations on your happy marriage!祝贺你喜结良缘！特别提醒(1)congratulation用作祝贺语时，通常用复数形式；作为“祝贺”这一抽象意义时，通常用单数形式。(2)congratulate后不接带不定式的复合结构或that从句。夯实基础语法填空(1)I got that job I wanted at the public library.Congratulations(congratulate)! Thats good news.(2)I congratulate myself on having chosen a good woman to be my wife.(3)We congratulated him on having passed the exam.5多词一义prepare for，get ready for，make preparations for，be prepared for prepare for为作准备prepare sb.sth.prepare sth.for sb.为某人准备be prepared for./to do.准备好preparation n.准备in preparation for为作准备make preparations for为作准备Ive prepared all kinds of food for the picnic.Do you mean we neednt bring anything with us? 我已经准备好了野餐要带的各种食物。你的意思是我们不必带任何东西了吗？(湖南，25)Justin had opened several bottles of wine in preparation for the party.贾斯廷已开了好几瓶葡萄酒为聚会作准备。夯实基础语法填空(1)The Foreign Minister was not prepared for such questions.(2)If we hadnt made adequate preparations(prepare)，the conference wouldnt have been so successful.(3)Pity you missed the lecture on nuclear pollution.I would have attended it，but I was busy preparing(prepare) for a job interview.(4)We wont start the work until all the preparations have been made(make)(5)Well prepared(prepare) for the ing exam，he felt quite confident.6应试指导“think副词of”在写作中的运用think much/highly/well of重视；看重；对高度评价be well/highly thought of被高度评价sing high praise of/for高度评价I gave him some advice，but he thought little of it.我给他提了几条建议，但他根本不理会。夯实基础 (1) 语法填空How did you find the concert in Beijing Grand Theater last night?I thought little of it，but the conductor performed very well.(2)同义句改写She was highly thought of and was called one of the Chinese ten filial piety stars (中国十大孝星之一)Highly thought of，she was called one of the Chinese ten filial piety stars.(用过去分词短语改写句子)She thought nothing of travelling around the world alone and went on a journey on her own.Thinking nothing of travelling around the world alone，she went on a journey on her own.(用现在分词短语改写句子)7应试指导instead of连接并列结构instead of后面可接名词、代词、形容词、副词、动名词、介词短语等。instead adv.代替，可置于句首或句末，在句首时常用逗号与后面的句子隔开。Instead of shouting empty slogans，it is more meaningful to donate books and sports goods to children in need.不要空喊口号，把书和运动物品捐给那些需要的孩子们会更有意义。(江苏书面表达)夯实基础语法填空(1)This order of yours is smaller instead of larger(large)(2)He will go instead of me(my)(3)Jack is a great talker.Its high time that he did something instead of just talking(talk)(4)They went there on foot instead of by bus.(5)The young man couldnt afford a new car.Instead，he bought a used one.8应试指导(1)主谓一致(2)number前冠词的考查the number of.的数量(作主语时，谓语动词用单数)表示“许多；大量”的其他表达方式：复数名词复数谓语动词a great/good many of(the，my等)修饰语复数名词复数谓语动词不可数名词单数谓语动词可数或不可数名词复数谓语动词A number of problems have arisen.已经出现了一些问题。Quantities of/Masses of food were on the table.饭桌上有许多饭菜。夯实基础语法填空(1)Why does the lake smell terrible?Because large quantities of water have been polluted(pollute)(2)In China，the number of cities is increasing(increase) whose development is recognized across the world.(3)A number of high buildings have arisen(arise) where there was nothing a year ago but ruins.1In the farmyards，the chickens and even the pigs were too nervous to eat.在农场里，鸡甚至猪都紧张得不吃食。(1)too.to.太而不能(2)too.to.与not或never连用时，意为“无论也不过分，越越好”。cannot be too.再也不过分(3)only/just/but too.to.非常去做(too前的only，just，but不仅没有否定意义，反而加重了too的肯定语气)(4)too ready/easy/eager/willing/anxious/happy.to.句型表示肯定，作“过于、太会”解。(5)too.not to.表示肯定，含义是“非常必定能；太不会不”。Thats the new machine whose parts are too small to be seen.那就是那台零部件小得几乎看不见的新机器。Ill be only too pleased to be able to do the job for you.我能为您效劳，真是十分高兴。夯实基础翻译句子(1)One is never too old to learn.活到老学到老。(2)You cannot be too careful.小心无过火。/你再小心也不为过。/你越小心越好。(3)She is too ready to get angry.她动不动就生气。(4)Mary is too wise not to know it.玛丽很聪明，不会不懂的。2all.notnot all.部分否定，也称半否定。具有总括意义的代词(each，everybody，everything，all，both等)、形容词(plete，whole等)和副词(pletely，always，wholly，altogether等)与否定词not连用，构成部分否定，表示“不都；并非都”。而no，none，never，nobody，neither，nothing，no more，no longer等表示否定意义的词与谓语一起使用构成了全部否定。Everything is not right.并非什么都好。Nothing can change her mind.没有任何东西能改变她的主意。夯实基础把下列半否定的句子改为全否定(1)Not everything she did pleased him.Nothing she did pleased him.(2)Both of them are not my brothers.Neither of them is my brother.(3)I do not remember all the details.I remember none of the details.(4)She is not always excited.She is never excited.3单元语法用定语从句的引导词完成句子(1)A plane is a machine that/which can fly.(2)The noodles that/which I had were delicious.(3)Mr.Read is the professor to whom you should write.(4)This is the boy whose position the teacher talked of.(5)The boss in whose pany my father worked is a very kind person.高考题组.短文改错(xx辽宁)Dear Jeremy and Alice, Although weve been delighted to have you as neighbors，were hoping to settle something that bothers to us.In a word，your dogCleo.Weve called several time about Cleos early morning barking.It is difficult to understanding why she barks every minute shes outside.The early morning barking have been disturbing us as we are often up all night with the baby.Beside，Cleo tends to bark a average of six hours a day.This morning she starts barking even before 5 oclock.That is too much for us，considering how closely the houses are.We appreciate our apologies and goodwill，but we hope that you can figure a good way of settling the matter.Sincerely，Jack and Rose答案Dear Jeremy and Alice, Although weve been delighted to have you as neighbors，were hoping to settle something that bothers to us.In a word，your dogCleo.Weve called several about Cleos early morning barking.It is difficult to why she barks every minute shes outside.The early morning barking been disturbing us as we are often up all night with the baby.，Cleo tends to bark average of six hours a day.This morning she barking even before 5 oclock.That is too much for us，considering how the houses are.We appreciate apologies and goodwill，but we hope that you can figure a good way of settling the matter.Sincerely，Jack and Rose.写作常用句翻译1我马上去给她拿了些药然后为她做了些面条。(prepare)(xx北京情景作文)I immediately went to get her some medicine and then prepared some noodles for her.2父母不应为孩子包办一切，而应是鼓励他们克服困难，激励他们自我发展。(instead of)(xx福建书面表达)Instead of doing everything for them，parents should encourage their children to overe difficulties and inspire them to develop by themselves.3我不知道是小说中的什么东西使他突然泪如泉涌。(burst into tears)(xx湖北完成句子)I dont know what in the novel made him burst into tears.4然而，有些课文有太多难以理解的生词和短语，因此我建议把这些文章换成简单点的。(express)(xx辽宁书面表达)However，some of the texts have too many new words and expressions which are hard for us.Therefore，Id like to suggest changing them into easier ones.5我写信邀请你担任6月15日在我们学校举行的英语演讲比赛的裁判。(judge)(xx大纲全国书面表达)Im writing to invite you to be a judge at our English speech contest to be held in our school on June 15.模拟题组.语法填空1They found the precious manuscripts were hopelessly ruined(ruin) by long exposure in the cold，damp cellar.2Having trapped(trap) in the ruins for five days，he could hardly survive.3Buried(bury) in the newspaper，I didnt notice what was happening.4Upon graduation from school，how well will you be prepared(prepare) for the job that lies ahead?5A great number of children whose parents had died in the earthquake were sent(send) to live with families in other cities. 6Lily had to call a taxi because the box was much too heavy to carry(carry) all the way home.7Which of the two puter games did you prefer? Actually I didnt like either of them.8Im calling to enquire about the position advertised(advertise) in yesterdays China Daily.9Mary has a very good memory and can remember everything exactly as if it happened(happen) yesterday.10Maria has written two novels，both of which have been made into television series.单句改错1After the earthquake，the whole city was in ruin.ruinruins2An accident happened.Luckily，nobody badly injured.nobody后加上was3Luckily for him, he survived from the car crash.去掉from4The express train arrived on schedule as was usual.去掉was5Everywhere that they appeared，they met with strong protests.去掉that6Twothirds of the people died or was injured during the Wenchuan earthquake.waswere7But the one million people of the city, they thought little of these events，went to bed as usual that night.theywho8. Believe it or not，Lilys sister burst into crying when we were eating.intoout或cryingtears9The two ladies are of the same age，but it looks as if one were ten years older than other.than后加上the10. After visiting China，most of the foreign friends said they would never forget the time when they had spent in China.whenthat/which或去掉when.写作句式升级训练pared with the driver who had escaped，I am proud of my action.(素材来源于xx湖北短文写作)pared with the escaped driver，I am proud of what I did.(用过去分词作定语及what从句改写句子)