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扣考纲话题诵读,固考基教材梳理,提考能技能速升,课后限时检测,析考点重难突破,话题17 兴趣与爱好 话题词汇 【常见单词】 1interest n兴趣 2hobby n爱好 3appetite n嗜好 4taste n口味 5knowledge n知识,6recognize v认出，承认 7attract v吸引 8educate v教育，培养 9prefer v更喜欢 10enrich v使充实，使丰富 11favorite adj.最喜欢的 12especially adv.尤其，特别,【常见短语】 1surf the Internet上网 2chat online 在线聊天 3enjoy popular music 喜欢流行音乐 4be fond of/be keen on喜欢 5be interested in/take an interest in对感兴趣 6be crazy about.对着迷 7come to like.越来越喜欢 8develop a great liking for.渐渐爱上 9spare time 业余时间,经典语篇 【写作要求】 (2014黑龙江省佳木斯市第一中学高三下学期第三次模拟)某海外学校举办英语训练营，开设了以下课程：园艺(gardening)，烹饪(cooking)，防身术(selfdefense)，护理(nursing )。假设你是李华，写封申请信，报名参加其中一门课程的学习。 内容要点：1.你感兴趣的课程；2.你期望从中学到什么；3.为什么想学这些内容。,Dear sir/madam， _ Yours， Li Hua,【参考范文】 Dear_sir_/madam， I am very glad that your school will hold the English summer camp which contains many courses, such as gardening, cooking, selfdefense, nursing and so on. I want to register to attend a course about gardening because I have liked flowers, grasses etc.since I was a little child.I especially like playing in the garden where I can enjoy the beauty of nature.For one thing, I want to gain a bit more knowledge of gardening so that it can help me to major,in the gardening after attending college.For another, I can realize the bitterness of the gardeners and treasure plants much more consequently.Whats more, after graduation, I plan to devote my life to cultivate flowers and grasses to turn our country into a more beautiful state, attracting more foreigners to come to visit it. Yours， Li_Hua,一试身手 【句型转换】 1将句型改为非谓语动词作主语。 _. 2将句型改为不定式作目的状语。 Whats more，after graduation, I plan to devote my life to cultivate flowers and grasses to turn our country into a more beautiful state _.,Playing in the garden where I can enjoy the beauty of nature is my favorite,to attract more foreigners tocome to visit it,【完成句子】 1我宁愿看电视表演，而不愿去听音乐会。 I _. 2购物是我闲暇时最喜欢的爱好。 Shopping is my favorite hobby _. 3那个小男孩节省每一分钱，这样就可以在母亲节的时候给他的妈妈买一件礼物。 The little boy saved every coin _ _.,prefer watching a TV show to going to a concert,in my spare time,so that he could buy his,mother a present on Mothers day,一、单词速览 1._ n专科医师；专家 2_ vi.& vt. (使)适应；改编 3_ vt. 拥护；支持；提倡 4_ adj. 短暂的；暂时的 5_ vt. 分配，分派；把拨给，把 划归 6_ adj. 优秀的，杰出的，出色的 7_ n. 天资，天赋；天才,specialist,adapt,advocate,temporary,allocate,outstanding,talent,8_ adj. 足够的；合乎需要的 9 _ vt.& vi. 停止；放弃；离开 10 _ n. 艰难，困苦 11 _ vt. 围绕，环绕 _ adj. 周围的 _(s) n. 环境；周围的事物 12 _ n. 疼痛，痛苦；折磨 _ vi.& vt. 遭受；忍受；经历,adequate,quit,hardship,surround,surrounding,surrounding,suffering,suffer,13_ n. 感激，感谢；欣赏；理解；鉴 定，评估 _ vt. 欣赏；感激；领会；鉴别 _ adj. 感激的；赏识的；有欣赏力的 14 _ vt. 完成，实现 _ adj. 可完成的 _ n. 成就；完成 _ adj. 完成的；熟练的，有技巧的,appreciation,appreciate,appreciative,accomplish,accomplishable,accomplishment,accomplished,15_ adj. 令人钦佩的，令人羡慕的，值得 赞美的 _ vt. 钦佩；赞美 _ n. 钦佩；赞赏；羡慕；赞美 16 _ vt. 陪伴，陪同；伴随；为伴奏 _ adj. 陪伴的；附随的 17 _ vt. 预言，预告，预报 _ adj. 可预言的 _ n. 预报；预言,admirable,admire,admiration,accompany,accompanying,predict,predictable,prediction,18_ vt. 帮助，协助 _ n. 援助，帮助 _ adj. 辅助的，助理的 n. 助手，助理，助教 19 _ adj. 即时的，方便的；立刻的 _ adv. 立即地；马上地；即刻地 conj. 一就 20 _ n. 动力，动机 _ vt. 刺激；使有动机；激发的积极性 _ adj. 有动机的；有积极性的,assist,assistance,assistant,instant,instantly,motivation,motivate,motivated,【看单词，学构词】 在18.assistant一词中出现了由动词加后缀ant变成名词形式，“ant”表示“者”。类似的课标词汇还有：dependant，contestant等。,二、短语快译 1_ 被环绕 2 _ 远离，和不在一起；除了 3 _使某人振作；欢呼，喝彩 4 _ 心情好 5 _适应 6 _ 追求；谋求 7 _ 伴随有；附有，带着 8 _独自，单独；独立地,be surrounded by/with,apart from,cheer sb.up,in_good spirits,adapt oneself to,go after,be accompanied by,on ones own,9_ 朝方向(地方)行进，前往 10 _ 使人欣慰的是 11 _ 在之间感到左右为难 12 _在前面；早于 13 _在那时；在那个阶段 14 _匆忙地，急切地 15 _帮助某人做某事,head for,to ones relief,feel caught between,ahead of,at that point,in a rush,assist sb.with sth.,三、句式构建 1make宾语宾语补足语 These people are all doing things that _.这些人都在做使他们高兴的事情。 2by the time过去时间，主句用过去完成时 _ she competed in the gymnastics tournament at the New York Goodwill Games，she _ a junior gymnast for eleven years.到参加纽约友好运动会的体操锦标赛时，桑兰已经是一名有着十一年经历的体操小将了。,make them happy,By the time,had been,3not.until.直到才 .but Sang Lan was _aware of the change _ it was too late.但当桑兰意识到改变时，已经为时已晚。 4it feels like.似乎，感觉好像 _ allocating adequate time for each is just not practical.要给每件事分配足够的时间，似乎是不切实际的。 5situation，scene，condition等词where引导的定语从句 If you know of a similar _ your solution worked，mention it.如果你想到你的解决方法曾行得通的类似情景，把它提出来,not,until,It feels like,situation where,解析7个考纲单词 1surround vt.围绕，环绕 (教材P18)To some，happiness is being surrounded by family and friends.对一些人来说，幸福就是有家人和朋友陪伴在自己身边。 (1)be surrounded by/with 被环绕着；被围住的 surround oneself with 自己身边有 (2)surrounding adj. 周围的 (3)surroundings n. 环境,(朗文P2036)Theyve surrounded the building with police.他们派警察包围了那栋房子。 This is a house surrounded_with/by trees and flowers.这个房子被花草树木所环绕。 She is adaptable to new surroundings. 她是一个能适应新环境的人。,2adapt vi.& vt.(使)适应；改编 (教材P19)And how has Sang Lan adapted to her new life? 那么桑兰是怎样适应新生活的呢？ (1)adapt sb.(sth.)/oneself to 使某人(某事物)/自己适应或习惯于 adapt for/be adapted for 改编；改作 adapt from/be adapted from 根据而改编 (2)adaptation n. 适应；改编本；改写本,(朗文P22)Several plants have adapted themselves to desert conditions.有几种植物已经适应了沙漠环境。 He is_adapted_to the climate here.他已适应了这里的气候。 This novel has been adapted_for radio from the Russian original.这部小说已由俄文原著改编成无线电广播节目。,高考链接 (2009浙江高考)The good thing about children is that they _ very easily to new environments. Aadapt Bappeal Cattach Dapply 【解析】 考查动词辨析。各选项意思分别为： adapt to 适应； appeal to 呼吁，使感兴趣； attach to粘贴； apply to 申请。故最符合句意的是adapt。句意：对于孩子们来说好的方面是他们能够非常容易地适应新的环境。 【答案】 A,3advocate vt.拥护；支持；提倡 (教材P19)However，her primary goal is to advocate better treatment for disabled people. 然而，她的主要目标是倡导为残疾人提供更好的治疗。 advocate sth. 拥护/提倡/支持某事 advocate doing sth. 提倡/支持做某事 advocate that.(should)do sth. 主张/支持,(牛津P27)Many experts advocate rewarding your child for good behaviour.很多专家主张对小孩的良好表现加以奖励。 They advocated_fitting smoke detectors to all the buildings. 他们主张所有的建筑物都应安装烟雾检测器。 They advocate that students (should)take more_exercise.他们主张学生应该多进行锻炼。,4accompany vt.陪伴，陪同；伴随；为伴奏 (朗文P12)John has decided to accompany me on my trip to India.约翰已决定陪我去印度旅行。 (1)accompany sb.on sth./ in doing sth.陪伴某人(做)某事 accompany sb.to a place 陪伴某人去某地 accompany sb.at/on 用某种乐器为某人伴奏 (2)be accompanied with/by 附带着，伴随着 accompanied by 由伴奏；在的陪同下 (3)company n. 公司；陪伴；同伴 keep pany 陪伴某人,Shirley came out of the house accompanied by Miss Jones.雪莉由琼斯小姐陪着从房子里走出来。 He accompanied_the manager on_a_visit/in_paying a visit to the new branch company last month. 上个月他陪着经理参观了那个新的分公司。,高考链接 (2014湖南高考)Children，when _ by their parents, are allowed to enter the stadium. Ato be accompanied Bto accompany Caccompanying Daccompanied,【解析】 本题考查非谓语动词。句意：孩子们在父母的陪同下才被允许进入该体育馆。因为children和accompany之间是被动关系，所以应该使用过去分词accompanied。此处是状语从句的省略。当主从句的主语一致，且从句谓语中含有be动词时，可将从句中的主语和be动词一起省略，本题中的从句还原后是when they are accompanied by their parents。 【答案】 D,5allocate vt.(按股份、计划、规定等)分配，分派；(为特定用途而)把拨给，把(物资、资金等)划归(教材P26)It feels like allocating adequate time for each is just not practical. 要给每件事分配足够的时间，似乎是不切实际的。 allocate.for. 为而分配；把拨给 allocate sth.among. 在之间进行分配 allocate sb.sth./allocate sth.to sb. 把某物分配给某人,The Government allocated money for the memorial. 政府为纪念活动拨了款。 He allocated each person a particular seat. He allocated a particular seat to each person. 他分配给每一个人专门的座位。 The teacher allocated candies among the children. 老师把糖果分给了孩子们。,6assist vt.帮助，协助 (教材P31)We will have handy robots and computers to assist us with the things that are boring. 至于那些枯燥无味的事情，将有掌上机器人和电脑来帮助我们处理。,(1)assist (sb.)to do sth./in doing sth. 帮助(某人)做某事 assist sb.with sth. 帮助某人做某事 (2)assistance n. 帮助，援助 come/go to sb.s assistance 来/去帮助某人 with the assistance of 在的帮助下,(牛津P86)We will assist you in finding somewhere to live.我们将帮你找个住的地方。 Local villagers assisted_the_doctors_to look after/ in looking after the people wounded in the bus crash. Local villagers assisted_the_doctors_with the people wounded in the bus crash. 当地村民帮助医生照料在车祸中受伤的人们。 He called and called but no one came_to_his_assistance. 他一再呼喊，但没有人来帮助他。,7instant adj.即食的；方便的；立刻的 n瞬间；片刻；某一时刻 (教材P31)Maybe there will even be automatic kitchens to cook instant meals for us.也许将会有自动的厨房来帮助我们烹饪即食的饭菜。 (1)on the instant 立即(立刻) the instant 当 时候；一就 in an instant 立刻，马上 for an instant 片刻，瞬间 (2)instantly adv. 立即地；马上地；即刻地 conj. 一就,【温馨提示】 the instant/moment/minute等瞬间名词后可以引导时间状语从句，意思是“一就”；instantly/immediately/directly可以做连词引导时间状语从句，意思也是“一就”。,The pain disappeared in an instant. 疼痛立刻就消失了。 I recognized her the_instant/instantly I saw her. 我一眼就认出是她。 She turned and recognized him on_the_instant. 她转过身来，立刻认出了他。,单词对点集训 .单词拼写 1She asked me to _(陪伴)her to the supermarket. 2You must _(分配)the money carefully. 3We have _(完成)all we set out to do. 4What caused him to _(放弃)his job? 5He tried to run away but gave up when he found himself _(被包围) 6Do you _(支持)banning cars in the city centre?,7The telegram asked for an _(立即)reply. 8I really appreciate your _(帮助) 9We had _ (足够的)food for a weeks journey. 10Some species of animals have become extinct because they could not _(适应)to a changing environment. 【答案】 1.accompany 2.allocate 3.accomplished 4quit 5.surrounded 6.advocate 7.instant 8assistance 9.adequate 10.adapt,.单项填空 1My daughter loves writing and has _ many articles to her school edition and even the local newspaper. Aprinted Bwritten Ccontributed Dpublished 【解析】 考查动词辨析。句意：我女儿喜欢写作， 已经给她的校报甚至当地的报纸投过很多稿。print印刷； write写； contribute投稿， 捐款， 做贡献； publish出版， 发表。根据句意可知答案选C。 【答案】 C,2When they moved to the new place, the children _ the change very soon. Aadapted to Badopted to Cwere used to Dattempted to 【解析】 考查动词短语辨析。句意：当孩子们搬到新地方的时候， 他们很快适应了变化。adapt to适应于；adopt采取；收养；be used to习惯于； attempt to试图。根据句意应选A。 【答案】 A,3Recently, many parents choose to rent a house near schools and _ their children during their school years. Ainspire Brecognize Caccompany Dprotect 【解析】 考查动词辨析。句意：最近， 许多家长们选择在学校附近租房， 在学习的时候陪伴他们的孩子。inspire激励； recognize辨认； accompany陪伴； protect保护， 故选C。 【答案】 C,4The young nurse was very nervous when she _ in her first operation. Aresisted Binsisted Caccepted Dassisted 【解析】 考查动词词义辨析。句意：当第一次辅助(assist)做手术时，那位年轻护士很紧张。 【答案】 D,5The _ they heard the alarm, they fell in for action. Aimmediate Binstantly Cinstant Ddirectly 【解析】 句意：他们一听到警报，就立即集合准备战斗。the instant 表示“一就”，可以直接连接从句。 【答案】 C,6Water is limited and can only be _ to those who need most. Aallocated Bleft Carranged Dmade 【解析】 句意：水是有限的，所以只能分配给那些最需要的人。allocate“分配”；leave“离开，遗忘”；arrange“安排”；make“制造，使”。 【答案】 A,7His cough will become more serious unless he _ smoking. Aquits Bquitted Cdoesnt quit Dis quitting 【解析】 quit doing放弃做 【答案】 A,8The pop star was_ by so many fans，he could hardly move. Afrightened Bsurrounded Cpersuaded Dconducted 【解析】 be surrounded by/with被所包围。 【答案】 B,分析3个高考短语 1apart from 远离，和不在一起；除了，除之外(还有) (牛津P77)Ive finished apart from the last question. 除了最后一道题，我全做完了。 tell apart 区分；辨别 take apart 拆开；拆卸(机器等)；使分开 tear apart 撕开；扯开，拉开,He tore_the curtain apart and looked out. 他拉开窗帘向外望去。 The workers took_the_engine_apart. 工人们将引擎拆开了。 The two sides can be hard to tell_apart. 双方可能很难分辨。,高考链接 (2011福建高考)_ good service，the restaurant offers different kinds of traditional Fujian dishes. AFar from BApart from CInstead of DRegardless of 【解析】 考查介词短语辨析。句意：除了好的服务，这家饭店还提供各种各样的传统的福建菜。far from远非，远不如；apart from除之外(还有)；instead of代替，而不是；regardless of不管，不顾。根据句意选B。 【答案】 B,2go after追求；谋求 (教材P21)Some people advocate going after pleasure in order to find happiness. 有些人提倡为了找到幸福就要追逐快乐。 go against 反对；违反 go ahead 开始；进行；干吧 go in for 从事；爱好；追求 go over 检查；复习 go through 检查；经历；用完 go without 没有而勉强应付；没有也行,Dont do anything that should go_against his will. 不要做违背他心意的事。 I dont go_in_for loud popular music. 我不喜欢喧闹的流行音乐。 He thought it his duty to go_through the papers. 他认为自己有责任检查这些文件。,高考链接 (2011四川高考)To get a better grade，you should _ the notes again before the test. Ago over Bget over Cturn over Dtake over 【解析】 考查短语辨析。go over 复习，仔细查看；get over从恢复过来；turn over 反复考虑，翻倒；take over 接替，接收。句意：要想考得好成绩，你就应该在考试之前再仔细看一遍笔记。故选A项。 【答案】 A,3at that point在那时；在那个阶段 (教材P30)At that point in my life，I could have done anything or become anyone. 在我人生的那个阶段，我可以做任何事，成为任何人。 on the point of 即将的时候；即将的 to the point of 达到的程度 to the point 切题 There is no point (in)doing sth. 做某事没意义 come to the point 谈到要点；到紧要关头,(牛津P1320)Theres no point in getting angry. 发火也没有用。 I was on_the_point_of_giving her my address when my wife came up to us.正当我要把地址给她的时候，我太太走过来了。 What you write should keep to_the_point. 你写的东西应该切题。,短语对点集训 .选词填空 be surrounded by/with；apart from；in good spirits；adapt oneself to；go after；be accompanied by；on ones own；head for；at that point；in a rush 1I do not think Ill _ this culture. 2Once you discover your dream，_it. 3The old man _ a troop of children. 4Economically，China today is _ to catch up. 5Although Tony is an orphan，he is always _.,6We set sail at dawn and _ New York. 7_ his earnings as a football coach，he also owns and runs a chain of sports shops. 8I think you ought to be able to stand _ legs. 【答案】 1.adapt to 2.go after 3.was surrounded by 4.in a rush 5.in good spirits 6.headed for 7.Apart from 8.on your own,.单项填空 1Could I use your computer for a moment, please? _.Im not using it myself. ACome on BIt depends CGo ahead DThats great 【解析】 A项意思是“赶快，快点”；B项意思是“视情况而定”；C项意思是“好吧，可以”；D项意思是“太好了”。根据题意可知，表示“可以”，即同意某人做某事。 【答案】 C,2_your timely help, I wouldnt have finished the task on time. ABut for BExcept for CAs for DFor 【解析】 考查虚拟语气。句意：要不是你的及时帮助， 我就不会按时完成这项任务。根据后半句中wouldnt have finished可知是对过去发生的事情的假设， 能表示假设的只有but for, 意思是“要不是”， 相当于if it hadnt been for. . . 。故答案为A。 【答案】 A,3The two of them are always in high _， and they never feel _. Aspirits；depressing Bspirits；depressed Cspirit；depressing D. spirit；depressed 【解析】 句意：他们两个总是兴致勃勃，从不沮丧。作“情绪”讲时，用复数spirts。depressing为v.ing形容词，表示中心词或主语的特征，一般是物作主语。depressed为v.ed形容词，一般是人作主语。表示中心词或主语的感受。 【答案】 B,4People in this area have been warned that they are _ disaster. Aheading for Bheading off Cheading up Dheading to 【解析】 head for朝向 【答案】 A,5I was on the _ of going out when the telephone rang. Atop Bmoment Cpoint Dway 【解析】 考查名词搭配。on the point of doing sth.意为“正要做某事”。 【答案】 C,剖析2个高考句型 1(教材P18)_By_the_time she competed in the gymnastics tournament at the New York Goodwill Games，she had been a junior gymnast for eleven years.到参加纽约友好运动会的体操锦标赛时，桑兰已经是一名有着十一年经历的体操小将了。 句法分析：介词by意为“到为止”，常与完成时态连用。,by通常引导一个时间状语从句，表示“到的时候为止”，主句则表示在此时间之前某个事件已完成。当by表示此意时，主句通常用完成时态，具体的形式取决于by引导的时间状语或状语从句。 (牛津P1851)By the time you get there the meeting will have been over.等你到了那里的时候，会议就该结束了。 By_the_time_he_was_ten，he had outgrown his elder brother.他十岁的时候就已经长得比他哥哥高了。 I hope that the rain will_have_stopped_by tomorrow_morning.我希望到明天上午雨就停了。,高考链接 (2011辽宁高考)By the time Jack returned home from England，his son _ from college. Agraduated Bhas graduated Chad been graduating Dhad graduated 【解析】 考查时态。句意：杰克从英国回国的时候，他的儿子已经从大学毕业了。by 过去时间作时间状语，主句要用过去完成时；by将来时间作状语，主句要用将来完成时will have done。故选D。 【答案】 D,2(教材P26) It_feels_like allocating adequate time for each is just not practical.要给每件事分配足够的时间，似乎是不切实际的。 句法分析：句型It feels like.意为“似乎，感觉好像”，本句中like后接一个表语从句。 (1)feel like意为“想要”，后面接名词、代词或动词ing形式，表示“想要”某物或“想要做”某事。 (2)feel like还有“感觉像，摸起来像”的意思。 (3)It feels like.句式可用来表示天气、时间等，意为“好像要，似乎是”。,It feels like he doesnt like me any more. 感觉他不再喜欢我了。 I felt like an idiot when I answered wrong. 当我答错了的时候，我感觉自己像个白痴。 They made me feel_like_one of the family. 他们使我感到我像是这个家庭中的一个成员。 I dont feel_like_arguing_with them.我不想和他们争辩。,高考链接 (2014陕西高考)Its quite hot today. Do you feel like _ for a swim? Ato go Bgoing Cgo Dhaving gone 【解析】 本题考查非谓语动词。句意：今天很热。你想去游泳吗？feel like意为“想要”，后面接名词、代词或动名词。feel like doing sth.表示“想要做某事”。D项having gone表示动作已完成，不符合语境。 【答案】 B,句型对点集训 .单项填空 1(2014镇江一中高三检测)By the time scientists _ the fundamental structure of dark matter, Im sure that man _ amazing advances in science. Afigure out；has made Bwill figure out；will make Cfigure out；will have made Dwill figure out；will be making,【解析】 句意：到科学家们弄清楚暗物质的基本结构时，我肯定人类将已经在科学上取得了惊人的进步。by表示“到为止”引导时间状语从句常与完成时连用，主句的谓语用将来完成时态，时间状语从句中用一般现在时表将来。 【答案】 C,2_both sides accept these terms will everlasting peace be established in this region. AUnless BAs long as CIf only DOnly if 【解析】 考查倒装的用法。句意：只有双方都接受了这些条款， 这个地区才能建立永久的和平。unless除非； as long as只要； if only要是就好了， 后常用虚拟语气； only if只要， 而选项中只有only if位于句首时， 主句才可用部分倒装结构。故选D。 【答案】 D,3I feel like _ in the fresh air after supper，but Id like _ at home today. Awalking；to stay Bto walk；staying Cwalking；staying Dto walk；to stay 【解析】 句意：晚饭后我要在新鲜空气中散步，但我今天要待在家里。feel like doing 和would like to do都为固定搭配，所以答案为A项。 【答案】 A,.完成句子 1等他们到这里时，我们将已经把工作做完了。 By the time they get here，_ the work. 2文胜于武的情形很多。 There are _ the pen is mightier than the sword. 3一直到了半夜，天才停止下雨。 It was _ it stopped raining. 4我们需要做的事就是充满激情地过好每一天。 All we need to do _ with passion.,5感觉好像我以前来过这里。 _ Ive been here before. 【答案】 1.well have finished 2.many cases where 3not until midnight that 4.is (to) live each day 5.It feels like,教材语法集训 非谓语动词() 单项填空 1Though_money, his parents still managed to send him to university. Alacked Blacking of Clacking Dlacked in,【解析】 句意：尽管缺钱， 他父母仍然想办法送他上了大学。his parents和lack构成主动关系， 所以用现在分词作状语。lack可作及物动词，作不及物动词时，一般与in连用。 【答案】 C,2It is requested that the reporter_to blame for the wrong report. Areferring to Breferring to as Creferred to be Dreferred to being 【解析】 考查虚拟语气和过去分词作定语。句意：据要求被提到的记者要因错误的报道接受责备。refer to(提及)和reporter之间是被动关系， 故用过去分词作定语。request要求， It is requested that后加主语从句时从句用虚拟语气， should可以省略； 谓语用be动词原形， 省略should, 所以选C。 【答案】 C,3Joan stood outside a shopping mall for a long time, as if _ somebody. Ato wait for Bwaiting for Cwaited for Dhaving waited for 【解析】 考查非谓语动词。Joan和wait之间是主谓关系， 用现在分词表主动和伴随状况， 排除C; 动词不定式表示目的， 不符合语境， 排除A; having done是现在分词的完成时， 表示动作有先后， 这里的stood和wait是同时发生的， 排除D。waiting for相当于he was waiting for，主句的主语和从句的主语一致，所以省去he was。故选B。 【答案】 B,4_ twice，the postman refused to deliver our letters unless we chained our dog. ABeing bitten BBitten CHaving bitten DTo be bit
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