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第1讲 动词、形容词、副词和介词,考点1 动词 【典例】1. (2015浙江高考)I enjoyed sit close to the windows and looking at the view. 【解析】sit改为sitting。考查动词。enjoy后加动名词形式, 所以sit要改为sitting。,2. (2015全国卷)When I was a child, I hoped to live in the city. I think I would be happy there. 【解析】think改为thought。根据前一句提供的时间, 这里用一般过去时, 表示“过去认为”。 3. (2014新课标全国卷)We can lie on the grass for a rest, or sat by the lake listening music. 【解析】句中有两处错误, 一处是sat改为sit。考查时态。此处sit和前面的lie是并列关系; 另一处是listening后面加to。考查不及物动词加宾语。listen是不及物动词, 其后加to才能接宾语。,4. (2015浙江高考)The position of the classroom with its view made me felt like I was dreaming. 【解析】felt改为feel。根据固定结构make sb. do sth. 可知, 句中用动词原形feel作宾语补足语。 5. (2014浙江高考)I was taking a train to Londons Victoria Station. I had noticed that the carriage was noisy and filled with people. 【解析】去掉had。讲述的是发生在过去的一件事情, 故用一般过去时。,6. (2014陕西高考)Suddenly the arrows was flying down at us from the skythey were looked like rain! 【解析】此句中有两处错误, 一处是句中的was改为were。考查主谓一致。因为主语arrows是可数名词复数; 另一处是去掉were。考查语态。因为look在句中相当于系动词, 不用被动。,【解题技巧】 1. 了解动词的考点 (1)动词的考点主要涉及谓语动词时态形式的选择; 谓语动词与非谓语动词的混用; 动词搭配错误; 并列结构中后面动词的形式; 及物动词后无宾语; 不及物动词后直接加了宾语; 不及物动词使用被动语态; 情态动词和have, has, had等助动词后面的动词形式的选择; 主谓一致等。,(2)主谓一致和并列关系是改错题型经常见到的考点。在做主谓一致题型时, 要找准主语中心词; 在做并列关系题型时, 要找准表并列的成分。例如: (2014大纲版全国卷)The understanding between two friends mean both of them have similar ideas and trusting each other. 句中有两处错误: 一处是mean改为means。此句的主语是understanding不是friends, 所以谓语用单数形式; 另一处是trusting改为trust。trust是动词, 与have并列。,2. 熟记经常写错的过去式 动词的过去式经常写错的词有: burn(burnt), learn(learnt/learned), build(built), pay(paid), feel(felt), catch(caught), hold(held), shoot(shot), eat(ate), ride(rode), ring(rang), sing(sang), sink(sank)。,考点2 形容词、副词 【典例】1. (2015浙江高考)On the left-hand side of the class, I could easy see the football field. 【解析】easyeasily。考查形容词、副词。修饰动词see应用副词, 所以easy改为easily。 2. (2015全国卷)Mom said, “How nice to see you again! Dad and I were terrible worried. ” 【解析】terrible改为terribly。修饰形容词worried要用副词, 故将terrible改为terribly。,3. (2014浙江高考)I was taking a train to Londons Victoria Station. I noticed that the carriage was noise and filled with people. 【解析】noise改为noisy。句中was为系动词, 其后应该跟形容词noisy作表语, 且后面的and filled with people也有提示。 4. (2014新课标全国卷)My dream school starts at 8: 30 a. m. and ends at 3: 30 p. m. There are three lessons in the morning and two in the afternoon. We dont need to do so many homework. 【解析】many改为much。many修饰名词的复数形式或集体名词, much修饰不可数名词, homework是不可数名词, 所以用much。,5. (2014新课标全国卷)Since thenfor all these yearswe have been allowing tomatoes to self-seed where they please. As a result, the plants are growing somewhere. 【解析】somewhere改为everywhere。根据上下文可知我们让圣女果自己繁殖, 所以到处长的都是圣女果。 6. (2014辽宁高考)This morning she started barking even before 5 oclock. That is too much for us, considering how closely the houses are. 【解析】closely改为close。此处表示“住得近(close)”, closely意为“紧密地; 亲近地; 严密地”。,【解题技巧】 1. 熟知形容词、副词的句法功能 形容词修饰名词作定语、跟在系动词后作表语; 副词修饰形容词、副词或动词作状语。 2. 理清形容词、副词的比较等级 表示同级比较时, 用原级; 表示两人或物之间比较时(往往有than), 用比较级; 表示三者或三者以上程度“最”高或在一个范围内其中一个“最”时, 用最高级。,3. 熟悉同义或近义形容词的区别 如: lively/live/alive/living, calm/still/quiet/silent等的不同用法。 4. 牢记同源副词的用法 在同源副词中, 一种副词与其形容词同形, 另一种副词是在形容词后加-ly。和形容词同形的副词往往表示具体意义, 加-ly的副词多表示抽象意义。还有些时候两者的意思完全不同。例如典例中的close和closely就属于这种情况。,考点3 介词 【典例】1. (2015浙江高考)My old classroom was interesting because three sides of the classroom were made from glass. 【解析】from改为of。考查介词。be made of由制成, 表示能看出原材料, 用from表示看不出原材料。 2. (2015全国卷)Unfortunately, on the development of industrialization, the environment has been polluted. 【解析】on改为with。with the development of是一个固定短语, 意为“随着的发展”。,3. (2015陕西高考)My soccer coach retired in last week. 【解析】去掉in。last week有副词词性, 作状语时, 前面不需要加介词。类似用法还有yesterday, today, next day等。 4. (2014浙江高考)If we could show concern to others on need, the world would be a better place to live in. 【解析】on改为in。in need意为“有需要; 在困境中”, 为固定搭配。,【解题技巧】 1. 熟悉介词的基本用法 例如: 表示“在具体的某一天、某一天的上午、下午或晚上”要用介词on; 表示“在几点钟”要用介词at; 表示“在几月份或哪一 年”要用介词in。 2. 牢记介词固定搭配 常考到的介词固定搭配: at night, be good at, do well in, devote. . . to. . . , set out for, insist on, search for, be famous for, at the age of, shoot at等。,3. 熟记同义、近义介词的区别 例如: between表示“在两者之间”, among表示“在三者或三者以上之间”; besides表示“除了之外还有”, except表示“除之外”。,【误区纠偏】 英语中, 一些动词与介词的搭配是固定的, 需要在日常学习中不断积累, 强化记忆, 形成思维定势。这对解答短文改错是非常有帮助的。例如: (2014陕西高考)One evening at sunset, we sat by the fire, having our barbecue. Just then a bird was flying over us. My uncles immediately jumped up and shot their arrows on the bird. 【点拨】句中on改为at。考查动词与介词的搭配。当“瞄准射击”讲时, 用shoot. . . at。,
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