2019-2020年高中英语 Unit2第4课时 The Fourth Period Grammar教案 新人教版选修8.doc

2019-2020年高中英语 Unit2第4课时 The Fourth Period Grammar教案 新人教版选修8Teaching goals 教学目标1. Target language目标语言a. 重点词汇和短语bother, regulation, resist, unable, argument, reasonable, obtain, be bound to, from time to time, bring back to life, pay offb. 重点句子Altogether Dolly lived for six years, half the length of the life of the original sheep.The fact that she seemed to develop normally was very encouraging.2. Ability goals能力目标 Enable the students to learn the modal verbs must, have to, have got to.3. Learning ability goals学能目标Help the students learn how to use the modal verbs must, have to, have got to.Teaching important points教学重点The use of the modal verbs must, have to, have got to.Teaching difficult points教学难点How to teach the students to master the usage of the modal verbs must, have to, have got to.Teaching methods 教学方法Study independently and practice.Teaching aids教具准备A projector and a blackboard.Teaching procedures & ways过程与方式Step Revision Check the students homework.T: Last class we talked something about cloning. Now, who can show your opinion?S: Let me have a try. In my opinion it is wrong to clone human beings. If my parents decided to have a clone made of me, I would feel very sad and I would never accept the clone as a member of the family or as my friend.T: Good job!Step GrammarT: Do you know the appositive clauses? Please pick out three more examples from the reading passage.Sample answers: The fact is that they are natural clones of each other.The whole scientific would follow the progress of the first successful clone, Dolly the sheep.Altogether Dolly lived for six years, half the length of the life of the original sheep.T: Now let me explain something about the appositive clauses. The appositive clause is a clause used as an appositive. The clause is an explanation to the noun before. The appositive clause belongs to noun clauses. Most of the appositive clauses may be introduced by the conjunction that. A content clause is frequently in apposition with such nouns as fact, news, idea, thought, question, reply, report, remark, hope, belief, suggestion etc. Some examples:Nobody shares my belief that he was mad.My suggestion that he was mad was not accepted.They are familiar with the opinion that all matter consists of atoms.Where did you get the idea that I could not e?We havent yet settled the question where we are going to spend our summer vacation.The suggestion came from the chairman that the new rule should be adopted.T: The words the fact are often inserted in front of an object clause when the clause cannot be conveniently connected with the verb either directly or by means of the representative it. This cannot hide the fact that he is growing old.We must face the fact that we are living in a revolutionary world.Some supplements:同位语从句与that引导的定语从句1) 从先行词看同位语从句与名次之间在逻辑上是“主语+be+表语”的关系。该名词是需要做特殊说明的抽象名词。例如：They were delighted at the news that their team had won.The news was that their team had won.2) 从引导词来看引导词that在同位语从句中是连词，只起连接作用，无具体词，that不可省略；that在定语从句中是关系代词，它在从句中充当一定成分-主语或宾语，有具体词义，作宾语时还可以省略。The factory (that) we visited yesterday is a chemical one.The news that he will leave for Shanghai is true.3) 同位语从句的简易判断方法同位语从句与其先行词在逻辑上是“主语+be+表语”的同位语关系。所以，可以在名词从句之间加系动词be，使之构成一个新句子，如果合乎逻辑，句子通顺，则原句为同位语从句；定语从句是不能够用系表结构把先行词与从句连接起来的。The belief that the earth is flat is still held in some countries.The belief is that the earth is flat.能用于名词性从句的名词有：ability, patience, anxiety, answer, order, report, wish, decision, suggestion, belief, doubt, fact, hope, message, news, promise, question, reply等等。学好同位语从句关键应注意下列几点：一、理解同位语从句的含义，把握同位语从句的实质。在主从复合句中作同位语的从句称为同位语从句。同位语从句一般用that, whether等词引导，常放在fact, news, idea, truth, hope, problem, information等名词后面，说明该名词的具体内容。换言之，同位语从句和所修饰的名词在内容上为同一关系。例：The news that they had won the game soon spread over the whole school.他们比赛获胜的消息很快传遍了整个学校。析：they had won the game说明The news的全部内容，因此该句为同位语从句。二、正确运用同位语从句的引导词，准确把握同位语从句。1.如同位语从句意义完整，应用that引导同位语从句。例：The general gave the order that the soldiers should cross the river at once.将军下达了战士们立即过河的命令。析： the soldiers should cross the river at once是the order的全部内容，且意义完整，因此应用that引导同位语从句。 2.如同位语从句意义不完整，需增加“是否”的含义，应用whether引导同位语从句。例： Well discuss the problem whether the sports meeting will be held on time.我们将讨论运动会是否会如期举行的问题。析： the sports meeting will be held on time意义不完整，应加“是否”的含义才能表达the problem的全部内容，因此应用whether引导同位语从句。3.如同位语从句意义不完整，需增加“什么时候”、“什么地点”、“什么方式”等含义，应用when, where, how等词引导同位语从句。例1： I have no idea when he will be back. 析： he will be back意义不完整，应加“什么时候”的含义才能表达idea的全部内容，因此应用when引导同位语从句。例2： I have no impression how he went home, perhaps by bike. 析： he went home意义不完整，应加“如何”的含义才能表达impression的全部内容，因此应用how引导同位语从句。三、把握同位语从句和定语从句的区别，明确同位语从句和相似从句的界限。同位语从句和定语从句相似，都放在某一名词或代词后面，但同位语从句不同于定语从句。同位语从句对名词加以补充说明，是名词全部内容的体现，且名词和同位语从句的引导词均不在从句中充当任何成分；定语从句对名词加以限制，是名词内容的修饰性定语，且名词和定语从句的引导词均在从句中作成分。例1 Information has been put forward _ more middle school graduates will be admitted into universities. (xx上海) A. while B. that C. when D. as 析：答案为B。more middle school graduates will be admitted into universities是Information的内容，且Information不在从句中充当任何成分，所以该句为同位语从句。应将该句区别于：It is said that more middle school graduates will be admitted into universities， this is the information _ has been put forward. A. what B. that C. when D. as 析：答案为B。 that has been put forward为information的修饰性定语，且information在从句中作主语，所以该句为定语从句。例2 She heard a terrible noise, _ brought her heart into her mouth. (MET91) A. it B. which C. this D. that 析：答案为B。分析语境含义、句子结构和句子成分可知，该句为非限制性定语从句，先行词为a terrible noise，且它在从句中作主语。应将该句区别于：I cant stand the terrible noise _ she is crying loudly. A. it B. which C. his D. that 析：答案为D。she is crying loudly是the terrible noise的内容，且the terrible noise不在从句中充当任何成分，所以该句为同位语从句。巩固性练习：1. The fact _ she works hard is well known to us all. A. thatB. whatC. whyD. which 2. The fact _ he was successful proves his ability.A. thatB. whatC. whichD. why 3. The news _ he was kidnapped surprised us greatly. A. whatB. thatC. whyD. when 4. His suggestion _ the meeting be delayed was turned down. A. whichB. thatC. /D it 5. I have no idea _ he will start. A. whenB. thatC. whatD. / 6. Ive e from the government with a message _ the meeting wont be held tomorrow. A. ifB. thatC. whetherD. which 7. The thought _ he might fail in the exam worried him. A. whenB. whichC. whatD. that 8. The order _ the prisoner be set free arrived too late. A. whichB. whether C. thatD. what 9. The nurses are trying their best to reduce the patients fear _ he would die of the disease. A. thatB. asC. of which D. which 10. He often asked me the question _ the work was worth doing. A. whetherB. whereC. thatD. when Key: 1-5 AABBA 6-10 BDCAAStep III HomeworkFinish the work on pages 55-57.