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Unit 5 Meeting your ancestors,重点短语,重点句型,重点单词,1.alternativen.可能的选择adj.供选择的;其他的 2.starvation n.挨饿;饿死 starve vi.挨饿;饿死 3.accuracy n.精确,准确 accurate adj.准确的,精确的 4.interrupt vt.注视,重点短语,重点句型,重点单词,7.sharpen vt.简陋的 10.botanyn.植物学 botanicaladj.植物学的 11.analysisn.分析 analyses(pl.) analyze/analysevt.分析 12.ripenvt.使成熟 vi.成熟 ripeadj.成熟的,重点短语,重点句型,重点单词,13.significancen.意义;重要性 significantadj.有意义的;重要的 14.somehowadv.以方式;不知怎么地 15.systematic adj.有系统的;有计划的;有条理的 system n.系统;体系;制度 16.spit vt.吐出(唾液、食物等) vi.吐痰 spat/spit (过去式) spat/spit (过去分词) 17.receptionist n.接待员;招待员 reception n.接待;招待会;接待处 18.division n.划分,分配;分界线 divide vt.分割;分配,重点短语,重点句型,重点单词,19.applaud vt.熟练地,重点短语,重点句型,重点单词,1.regardless of 不管,不顾 2.at most 至多,最多 3.cut up 切碎 4.be fed up with 受够了;饱受;厌烦 5.look ahead 向前看;为将来打算 6.date back (to.) 追溯(到),重点短语,重点句型,重点单词,1.你们想必都很清楚,正是在这个地方,我们发现了居住在世界上这个部分最早人类的证据。 You must be aware that its here that we found evidence of some of the earliest people who lived in this part of the world. 2.要是能像去年那样有多好呀! If only it could be just like last year! 3.快到达目的地的时候,一阵香气扑鼻,她不往前走了,停了下来。 She had almost reached her destination when a delicious smell arrested her progress and she stopped. 4.她突然坐了下去,结果被她那又笑又嚷的妹妹卢娜一把抱了起来。 Abruptly she sat down,only to be scooped up by her laughing,shouting sister,Luna.,A group of students from England has come to the Zhou-koudian caves for a visit.1.An archaeologist is showing them round.Archaeologists have been excavating here for many years.They 2.have found(find) human and animal bones in those caves higher up the hill as well as tools and other objects,3.so they think it reasonable to assume some of the 4.earliest(early) people lived in these caves,regardless of the cold.They have also discovered fireplaces in the centre of the caves,5.which would have kept them warm,cooked the food and scared wild 6.beasts(beast) away. The evidence suggests that our ancestors did wear clothes made from animal skins and that they 7.really(real) cared about their 8.appearance(appear) as we do.The archaeologist shows the students a primitive necklace 9.preserved(preserve) quite well.Perhaps it was because there was trade 10.between early peoples or they traveled to the seaside on their journeys that the seashells got here.,重点短语,重点句型,重点单词,alternative adj.供选择的;其他的 n.可能的选择;选择对象 Can you think of the alternatives we would use today?你能想到我们今天使用的(这些物品的)替代品吗?(教材原句P37) Do you have an alternative solution to the problem?你有没有别的办法来解决这个问题? 常见用法 an alternative to.的替代品 have no alternative/choice but to do sth.别无选择只好做某事 There is no alternative.别无选择 The soldiers have no alternative but to fight till the victory.战士们没有选择余地,只有战斗下去,直至胜利。 We had to go on,because there was no (other) alternative.我们只能继续下去,因为我们没有其他的选择。,重点短语,重点句型,重点单词,现学活用 完成句子 1.对不起,我别无选择,只好把车卖了。 Im sorry.I have no alternative but to sell the car. 2.经理说如果他们递交的计划不被采纳,他们还有另外一个计划。 The manager said that they had an alternative plan if the plan they had submitted was not accepted.,重点短语,重点句型,重点单词,interrupt vt.阻碍者 2.interruption n.中断,中止 without interruption连续地,不断地,重点短语,重点句型,重点单词,Lets go somewhere where we can talk without interruption.我们去找个说话不受打扰的地方吧。 词义辨析 1.interrupt多指由于某种外界因素而停下来,中断其连续性或为了某种目的而停下来,但不表明这种停止是否会继续下去。 Footsteps on the staircase interrupted his train of thought.楼梯上传来的脚步声打断了他的思路。 2.disturb可指扰乱某人心绪而使之不安或妨碍其进行工作,其主语多是焦虑、失望、困惑等情感因素。 His passion for games disturbed his parents.他对游戏的热情使他的父母感到烦恼。,重点短语,重点句型,重点单词,现学活用 用interrupt或disturb的适当形式填空 1.Im sorry to interrupt you,but your speech has gone beyond the time limit. 2.Playing with mobile phones in class can disturb other students study.,重点短语,重点句型,重点单词,assume vt.假定;设想;假装;承担 So we think it is reasonable to assume they lived in these caves,regardless of the cold.因此我们有理由认为他们不顾严寒,就住在这些洞穴里。(教材原句P38) 常见用法 assume sb./sth.to be假定/假设某人/某事为 assume that.假定/假设 It is generally assumed that.人们普遍认为 We must assume him to be innocent until he is proved guilty.在他被证实有罪之前,我们得假定他是清白的。,重点短语,重点句型,重点单词,拓展延伸 1.assuming conj.假定;假如 assuming that.假设/假如 2.assumption n.假定,假设 make an assumption认为;假定 on the assumption that.假定 We can all leave together assuming (that) the others arent late.假如其他人不耽搁的话,我们大家可以一起走。 A lot of people make the assumption that poverty only exists in the Third World.许多人认为贫困仅存在于第三世界。,重点短语,重点句型,重点单词,现学活用 完成句子 1.人们普遍认为,紧张是工作过累所致。 It is generally assumed that stress is caused by too much work. 2.我原以为他是一个诚实的人。 I assumed him to be an honest man. 3.假如其他人都同意,今天下午我们出去郊游。 We can go out for a picnic this afternoon assuming that the others agree.,重点短语,重点句型,重点单词,significance n.意义;重要性 His university was aware of the significance of his work.他所在的大学意识到了他的工作的重要性。(教材原句P40) 常见用法 be of great/major significance有重大意义,非常重要 be of no significance无意义,不重要 be of little significance不太重要 attach significance to 赋予意义 It is a matter of great significance.这是一个非常重要的问题。 I attach much significance to the discovery.我很重视这一发现。,重点短语,重点句型,重点单词,拓展延伸 significant adj.重要的;显著的 be significant for 对很重要 It is significant that.是很显著的,是很重要的 The result is highly significant for the future of the province.这一结果对该省的未来极为重要。 现学活用 完成句子 1.石油的新发现对这个国家的经济有重大意义。 The new discovery of oil is of great significance to the countrys economy. 2.很显然,女生的考试成绩一般比男生的好。 It is significant that girls generally do better in examinations than boys.,重点短语,重点句型,重点单词,somehow adv.以某种方式;不知怎么地;不知为什么 Somehow he cycled thirty miles to Dr.Black because there was no alternative means of transport.因为没有可供选择的其他交通方式,他只好骑30英里的车去见布莱克博士。(教材原句P40) 词义辨析 1.somehow 意为“以某种方式,不知怎么地,不知为什么”,相当于in a way或for a certain reason。 We must stop him from seeing her somehow.不管怎么着,我们都不能让他见到她。 Somehow,I dont feel I can trust him.不知为什么,我觉得不能信任他。 2.somewhat意为“有点,有几分,颇为”,用作程度状语,相当于to some degree或rather。 I was somewhat surprised to see him.见到他我颇感诧异。 The situation has changed somewhat since we last met.自我们上次见面以来情况有些变化。,重点短语,重点句型,重点单词,3.anyhow作“无论如何,反正”讲,表示结束谈话或回到原话题,相当于anyway;作“尽管,即使这样”讲,用作让步状语,相当于despite或even so。 Anyhow,lets forget about that for the moment.无论如何,咱们暂时不要再提这件事了。 The water was cold,but I took a shower anyhow.尽管水很冷,我还是冲了个淋浴。 现学活用 用somehow,somewhat或anyhow填空 1.Do you really want to go out? I shall go out anyhow,because I dont mind the rain. 2.On the way home,he somehow got lost. 3.He concluded that Oswald was somewhat abnormal.,重点短语,重点句型,重点单词,arrest vt.逮捕;吸引 n.逮捕;拘留 She had almost reached her destination when a delicious smell arrested her progress and she stopped.快到达目的地的时候,一阵香气扑鼻,她不往前走了,停了下来。(教材原句P43) A man has been arrested in connection with the robbery.一名男子因与这桩抢劫案有关已被逮捕。 常见用法 1.arrest sb.for 因而逮捕某人 get arrested 遭逮捕 arrest ones attention 引起某人的注意,重点短语,重点句型,重点单词,2.be under arrest被捕 make an arrest进行拘捕 You could get arrested for doing that.你做那种事可能要遭逮捕。 Fifteen persons were under arrest because of the serious violence.由于暴乱,15人被捕。 现学活用 完成句子 1.美丽的日落吸引了我们的注意力,使我们停下来观看。 The beautiful sunset arrested our attention,and we stopped to watch it. 2.据报道他已因抢劫商店而被捕。 It is reported that he has been arrested for robbing a store.,重点短语,重点句型,重点单词,regardless of不管,不顾 (侧重指不计后果和代价) So we think it is reasonable to assume they lived in these caves,regardless of the cold.因此我们有理由认为他们不顾严寒,就住在这些洞穴里。(教材原句P38) They decorated the house regardless of cost.他们不惜花大价钱装修这栋房子。 拓展延伸 1.regardless adv.不顾,不加理会 regarding prep.关于,至于 regard n.考虑;注意;问候 vt.注意;考虑;尊敬 vi.注意;注视 in/with regard to 关于,至于 as regards 关于,至于 regard with对待 2.in spite of/despite不管,不顾,重点短语,重点句型,重点单词,The weather was terrible but we carried on regardless.天气非常恶劣,但我们并不理会,照常进行。 As regards environmental issues,the government will enforce existing regulations.关于环境问题,政府将执行现行条例。 特别提醒 despite,regardless of和in spite of是介词和介词短语,后面接名词、代词和动名词;although和though是连词,引导让步状语从句。,重点短语,重点句型,重点单词,现学活用 用regardless of,although或despite填空 1.This special school accepts all disabled students,regardless of educational level and background. 2.Despite the high mountains and thick forests,the doctors and nurses rushed to the scene of the accident for the rescue. 3.He often helps me with my English although he is quite busy.,重点短语,重点句型,重点单词,be fed up with 受够了;饱受;厌烦 Well,Im fed up with all the attention and.噢,我对这些关注感到厌烦(教材原句P41) 拓展延伸 1.feed on sth.以某物为食 feed sb.on/with sth.用某物喂养某人 feed sth.to sb.用某物喂养某人 2.be tired of对感到厌倦 be bored with 对厌倦 Most people feed parrots on nuts.大多数人用干果喂鹦鹉。 Feed the food to the baby in small pieces.用小块的食物喂婴儿。 Im tired of this boring life.我受够了这种枯燥的生活。,重点短语,重点句型,重点单词,现学活用 用括号中所给单词的适当形式填空 1.Im fed up with waiting(wait) for her to telephone. 2.Fed(feed) up with all these traffic jams,he goes to work on foot instead of by bus.,重点短语,重点句型,重点单词,look ahead 向前看;为将来打算 If only she had looked ahead and planned better this year!她今年要是早有预见,计划得更好些就好了!(教材原句P43) Everyone should look ahead and save a little money each year for his retirement.每个人都应为将来打算,每年为退休存点钱。 拓展延伸 look up 仰视;查阅 look up to sb.尊敬某人,敬仰某人 look into 调查 look out当心,留神 look through 浏览;查找;看穿 look sb.up and down 上下打量某人,重点短语,重点句型,重点单词,look forward to 盼望,期待 look down upon 瞧不起 look on/upon.as把看作 look back on/to 回顾 The police have received the complaint,and theyre looking into it.警方已收到投诉函件,他们正在调查。 现学活用 根据括号中所给的汉语意思补全短文 I 1.have been looking forward to(盼望) seeing my husband in the past two weeks.But he has been abroad busy 2.looking into(调查) a murder with another two policemen.As a policeman,he even looks on/upon his work as life,so he 3.is looked up to(敬仰) by everyone in our town.Now I often read news about him when 4.looking through(浏览) newspapers.5.Looking back on/to(回顾) his job performance,how proud I am of him!,重点短语,重点句型,重点单词,date back (to.)追溯(到) All the objects are from the same excavation site in Sanxingdui and can be dated back to between 3,000 and 5,000 years ago.所有的物品都来自于三星堆的同一个挖掘点,它们的时间可以追溯到3 000年到5 000年前。(教材原句P44) 拓展延伸 date from 追溯到,起始于 out of date 过时的 up to date 时髦的;至今,到目前为止 The custom dated from the time when men wore swords.这项习俗始于男人佩戴刀剑的时代。 特别提醒 date back to一般无进行时态,也无被动语态。当谈论现在的一件物品时,虽然该物品产生于过去某一时间,但时态用现在时。,重点短语,重点句型,重点单词,现学活用 用括号中所给单词的适当形式填空 1.This is an old building dating(date) back to the 16th century. 2.Every day a number of tourists take pictures in front of the tower,which dates (date) back to as early as 800 years ago.,重点短语,重点句型,重点单词,if only引导的非真实条件句 If only it could be just like last year!要是能像去年那样有多好呀!(教材原句P43) if only意为“但愿,要是就好了”,常用来表示强烈的愿望或遗憾,谓语动词用虚拟语气。表示与现在相反的愿望用一般过去时,表示与过去相反的愿望用过去完成时,表示与将来相反的愿望用“would/could/might+do”结构。 If only I were better looking.要是我长得再漂亮些就好了。 If only I had listened to my parents!我要是当时听了父母的话就好了。 If only she would go with me tomorrow!她要是愿意明天和我一道去就好了!,重点短语,重点句型,重点单词,拓展延伸 only if意为“只要,只有”,引导真实条件句。only if位于句首时,主句要部分倒装。 Only if you do as I told you can you succeed.只有按照我说的去做,你才能成功。 现学活用 用if only或only if填空 1.If only Lucy were here by my side! 2.Only if you promise not to invite Mary will I come. 3.Look at the trouble I am in!If only I had followed your advice.,重点短语,重点句型,重点单词,only to do.作结果状语 Abruptly she sat down,only to be scooped up by her laughing,shouting sister,Luna.她突然坐了下去,结果被她那又笑又嚷的妹妹卢娜一把抱了起来。(教材原句P43) only to do.意为“不料却,结果却”,是动词不定式作结果状语,表示出乎意料或令人失望的结果。 She hurried to the airport only to be told that the film star had left.她匆忙赶到机场,却被告知那位电影明星已经离开了。 拓展延伸 不定式、现在分词作结果状语的区别: 动词不定式作结果状语,表示出乎意料的结果,而用现在分词作结果状语表示自然而然的结果。另外,充当结果状语的现在分词的逻辑主语有时并不是句子的主语,而是整个句子或其部分内容。,重点短语,重点句型,重点单词,He hurried to the station only to find the train gone.他匆匆忙忙地赶到火车站,却发现火车已经开走了。 It has rained for over ten days,causing the river to rise.下了十多天雨,致使河水上涨。 现学活用 完成句子 1.他移民美国,留下他的父母在老家。 He has migrated to America,thus leaving his parents in hometown. 2.他上气不接下气地赶往公司,不料却被告知他被开除了。 He reached the company out of breath only to be told he was fired.,一、单句填空 1.(2015江苏高考改编)It (assume) that those people for whom the role of volunteer was most part of their personal identity would also be most likely to continue volunteer work. 1.was assumed。It is assumed that.“人们认为”。根据语境和从句时态可知,应用一般过去时的被动语态,即was assumed。 2.(2015四川高考改编)The groundhog still didnt have a problem with me (scratch) her back. 2.scratching。句意:土拨鼠仍然不怕我去搔它的背。have a problem with (sb.) doing sth.在“方面有问题或困难”。,3.(2015上海高考改编)It appeared on some of the first postcards,starred in some of the earliest silent movies,and was the subject of a couple of the earliest photos, (date) all the way back to the 1800s. 3.dating。句意:它出现在一些早期的明信片和早期的无声电影中,也是一些最早的照片的题材,它可以一直追溯到19世纪。date back to为固定结构,意为“追溯到”,此处用其现在分词形式作状语。 4.(2015湖北高考改编)We must act as quickly as possible now.Just tell us we can undertake the task or not. 4.whether。句意:现在我们必须尽快采取行动。你就告诉我们,我们能否承担这项任务吧。分析句子结构可知,该空为whether引导的宾语从句。whether.or not为固定搭配,意为“是否”。 5.(2015新课标全国卷改编)The (exhibit) follows a path of time and subject with the visitor exiting through the brain. 5.exhibition。此处应用名词exhibition作主语。,6.(2015福建高考改编)We would talk about the news of the day;no matter how (significant),it was never taken lightly. 6.insignificant。句意:我们总是会谈论当天的消息,不管这个消息有多么不重要,从不草率地对待。根据句意可知,空处意为“不重要的”,故填insignificant。 7.(2015广东高考改编)We tend to blame TV,he says,for problems it doesnt really cause, (overlook)our own roles in shaping childrens minds. 7.overlooking。逻辑主语We和overlook之间是主动关系,故使用现在分词。 8.(2015上海高考改编)Our life (interrupt).If we go somewhere and I ask him to have the phone at home,he suffers from withdrawal symptom. 8.has been interrupted。句意:我们的生活被影响了。如果我们去某个地方,我让他把手机留在家里,他就出现断瘾症状。根据语境可知,空处应用现在完成时,又interrupt与our life之间为动宾关系,故用现在完成时的被动语态。,9.(2013浙江高考改编) (hear) how others react to the book you have just read creates an added pleasure. 9.Hearing。此处应用动名词短语作主语,故填hearing。 10.The famous scientist grew up he was born and went abroad for further study. 10.where。句意:那位著名的科学家在他出生的地方长大,然后出国深造。根据句意可知用where引导地点状语从句。,二、单元话题微写作 考古学家 根据提示,将以下句子连成一篇英语短文。 1.布朗先生是一位考古学家,起初他厌烦他的工作。(archaeologist;be fed up with) 2.为了将来他别无选择,尽管困难很多,他仍得加速他的研究。(look ahead;alternative;accelerate;regardless of) 3.他对原始项链做出的深刻分析吸引了全世界的注意。(acute analysis;primitive;arrest) 4.有一次,他做了一个关于“考古学和植物学”的重要报告,期间多次被听众的掌声打断。(significant;archaeology;botany;interrupt;applaud) 5.他总是说,“要是我有充足的时间,再工作20年就好了!”(if only;ample),Mr Brown is an archaeologist.At first he was fed up with his work.Looking ahead,he had no alternative but to accelerate his research,regardless of hardships.His acute analyses of primitive necklace arrested the attention of the whole world.Once he gave a significant report on Archaeology and Botany.He was interrupted many times by the applauding listeners.He always says,“If only I had ample time and worked for another 20 years!”,
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