三大从句与写作应用讲解版.ppt

Xian Shuigu No.1 High School Song Hongkun,三大从句考点提问清单与写作应用,代人或物，充当主宾表（充宾可省）；不用于非限定，不介连,代物或前文整件事。,充当主宾表，用于句首，或与the samesuch连用时,表人，whom做宾语，可介连,做定语，=of whichwhom,作时间状语,作地点状语,作原因状语,只用that的几种情况 ：,当不定代词anything, nothing, all, much, few, any, little等作先行词时。 eg: That is all that I want to say. There was little that I could do for you. 2.先行词为序数词、形容词最高级或the only,the very修饰时. This is the best film that I have ever seen. This is the very dictionary that i want to buy.,2.引导词that用法小结与应用？ a)引导定从，_（见表）_。 写作应用：1)这是我所见过最好的电影。_ b)引导名从，_。 写作应用：1）许多人支持这样的观点，帮助他人就意味着帮助自己。（be in favor of the idea that）_ 2) 众所周知，不是每个人都将被大学录取。_,This is the best film that I have ever seen.,只连不充当成分,引导宾从可省,Many people are in favor of the idea that helping others means helping themselves.,As is well known , not everyone can be admitted to college.,c）用于强调句_。 写作应用：1）也就是你的帮助，对我的人生起了很大作用。 _ d)含that的状从,_ _。 写作应用：1）他的表现如此出色以至于受到了经理的表扬。 _ 提示：除了引导从句，that用法有：_;_ 写作应用：1）天津的人口比北京的人口少。 _,It is your help that makes a difference to my life.,只连不充当成分。,sosuch that in order that for fear thaton conditon that,He did so well that he was praised by the manager.,So well did he do that he was praised by the manager.,adv. 很,代词，代可单、不可名词或整件事。,The population of Tianjin is larger than that of Beijing.,3.引导词which理解与应用？ a)引导定从时，_; 写作应用：1）天津有很多名胜古迹，是一个历史悠久的大城市。 _ 2)他为母亲买了个新电视，这使得母亲非常高兴。 _ b)引导名从时_。 2)我也不知道在这次比赛中那支队会赢得最后的胜利。_,代物或前文整件事。,Tianjin is a big city which has lots of places of interest and a long history.,He bought his mother a new TV,which made his mother very delighted.,连接代词,adj性，作定语,I dont know which team will win the final victory either.,4.成分解题步骤：判定从句（类型）看所缺成分锁定连词 1)I shall never forget the days _I lived in Tian Jin. 2)I shall never forget the days _I spent with my cousin. A.that B. on which C.when D.where 3）_ I want to tell you is the deep love and respect_ I have for my parents. That;that B. What; which C. Which;what D. What; what 4）The question is _ team will win the match.A.That B. WhatC. Which D. This 5）After living in Pair 50 years he returned to the small town_he grew up as a child . A.which B.that C.where D.when,C,A,After living in Pair 50 years he returned to the small town_he grew up as a child. A.which B.that C.where D.when I visited the country _had been bombed by the US-led NATO a month before. A.where B. C.that D.in which,题型变换： After living in Pair 50 years he returned to the small town_ he grew up as a child in. A.which B.that C.where D.when,in,5.定从与同位语从句中的隔离现象？_ This is the book on the desk which I borrowed from our library. 写作应用：1）中国人被歧视的日子一去不返了。 _ 2)我们班赢得了比赛的消息传来了。（Word came that.） _,一隔介短； 二隔谓语。,The days are gone when the Chinse were looked down on。,Word came that our class won this match .,6.写作时要注意从句中的语义重复？ (改错) 1）The boy who we often play with him is our monitor. 2）This is the house where I lived in two years ago.,7.定语从句中的whose怎么用？ I visited a scientist _name is known all over the country. _ (用of whom替换) The classroom _door is broken will soon be repaired. =_(用of which替换) 写作应用：1）许多父母在大城市工作的孩子不得不由家里的老人照顾。 _ 2)我有两个哥哥，其中一个是个医生。 _,whose, the name of whom ,whose,the door of which.,Many children whose parents work in big cities Have to be taken care of by the old families.,I have two brothers, one of whom is a doctor.,8.介词+关系代词可以=_只存在于定语从句中。 写作应用：1）雷锋是我们应该学习的好榜样。 _,关系副词,Lei Feng is a good example from whom we should learn.,介词的判定还原法,Lei Feng _whom we should learn is our good example. Lei Feng we should learn _ is our good example. This is the boy_whom I played tennis yesterday. I like this city _which I have lived for more than ten years.,whom,Lei Feng,from,from,with,in,from,from,with,1. The sun gives us heat and light, _ which we cant live. 2.The engineer _whom my father works is about 50 years old. 3. Ill never forget the day _ which she said good-bye to me. 4. Who can give me the reason _ which he hasnt turned up yet?,for,with,on,without,9.as在从句中的应用? a) as引导定从，_。 This is such an interesting book _ we all like. 写作应用：1）正如谚语所说，有志者事竟成。 _ _ b)as引导_ _ _ _状语从句。 写作应用：1）随着时间的流逝，我们都长大了。 _ 2)入乡随俗。_,用于句首，或与the samesuch,as,As the saying goes,where there is a will, there is a way.,时间、原因、方式、让步,As time goes by,we grow old.,When you are in Rome,do as Romes do.,作时间状语,只连不充当成分,引导宾从可省,只连接不充当成分，带疑问,只引导表语从句。,表事物，充当从句主、宾、表，定。,表人，充当从句主、宾。,连接代词,adj性，作定语,做定语，表谁的,作地点状语,作原因状语,作方式状语或表程度,写作应用：1）大家正在讨论关于是否我们应该熬夜来学习。 _ 2)他很想知道我们如何按时完成任务。 _ 3)他住在哪里没人知道。_,We are dicussing about whether we should stay up to study.,He wondered how we can finish task on time.,Nobody knows where he lives.,11.引导词what理解与应用？ a)what只引导名从_。 写作应用：1）他所说的与所做的截然不同。（nothing like） _ 2)重要的是你要学会听从别人的建议。（what is importantwhat matters most is that）_,表事物，充当主、宾、表，定。,What he said is nothing like what he did.,What matters most is that you need to learn to follow the others advice.,b)whatever 既可引导_,也可以引导_。（=no matter what） 写作应用：1）无论我们遇到了什么困难，我们都要努力克服。 _ 2）无论你做什么都和我没有关系。_,名从,状从,No matter what difficulty we meet,we must try our best to overcome it.,Whatever you do is none of my business.,Whatever you do has nothing to do with me.,12. 名从中的形式主语与形式宾语？ 写作应用：1）很肯定的是，成功在于不断的努力。（it is certain that.） _ 2) 他不应该把别人帮助他当成理所应当的事情。（take it for granted that.） _ 3）很明显，他不断的努力成就了他最后的成功。 _,It is certain that success lies in the constant efforts.,He shouldnt take it for granted that others helped him.,It is obvious that his constant efforts contribute to his final victory.,13.宾语从句的时态规则？ 主过去从句_; 主现在从句_; 从句是客观事实或真理一律用_。 写作应用：1）小的时候，老师告诉我光的速度比声音的速度要快。 _ 2)昨天，当我邀请他去看电影的时候，他说他已经看过这部电影两次了。 _,用过去的相应时态,看情况而定,一般现在时,The teacher told his class that light travels faster than sound when he was a child.,Yesterday,he said he had seen this moive twice when I invited him to go to the cinema.,14.表语从句的特殊引导词becauseas if 用法？ 写作应用：1）他看起来好像很疲惫。_ 2)他生病了，那就是他今天没来的原因。_(why) _(the reason why is that.),He looks as if he is very tired.,He was ill. That is why was absent today.,The reason why he was absent was that he was ill.,同位语从句个性考点,15.同位语从句与定语从句异同？。 The news that they had won the game soon spread over the whole school. The news that you told me yesterday was really disappointing. 【归纳总结】两类从句一般都放在_之后。而同位语从句前的名词多为抽象名词，从句补充说明，指出内容，that在从句中_成分。而定从是对前名词进行_，that在定从中_成分。,名词,不充当,修饰限定,充当,写作英语： 1）毫无疑问的是没有什么比生命更重要。 _ 2)我们赢得比赛的消息很快在校园里传开了。 _ 3)你昨天告诉我的消息很令人失望。_ _,Word came that we won this match in our school.,There is no doubt that nothing is more important than life.,The news that you told me yesterday is disappointing.,16.名词性从句中的虚拟有哪些？_ _ 写作：1）我们应该养成好的学习习惯这很重要. _ 2)真该是我们好好学习的时候了。 _ _ 3)我的建议是我们要懂得如何记笔记。_,It is important that we should form good habits of studying.,It is time that we studied hard.,It is time that we should study hard.,My suggestion is that we (should)know how to take notes.,16.名词性从句中的虚拟语气 Its suggested that the plan_( be) carried out. His fale face suggested that he _(be) very tired. He insisted that we students _ (finish)our homework by ourselves. * The thief insisted that he _ _(not steal) the book.,(should) be,was,(should) finish,hadnt stolen,【归纳总结】“坚持, 命令，建议，要求”构成的名从谓语用_ 但suggust 表_时不用虚拟；insist 表示坚持自身很肯定的事情_虚拟。,表明；暗示,不用,(should) do,17.如何判定连词个数？_ 1) One of the men held the view_ the book said was right. what that B. that what that which D. which that 2) _ is known is that he is a famous scientist. A.It B.That C.What D.As,谓动词个数：2个谓语，2个句子，一个连词。,18.从一句多译看从句间的转换？ 1）他把书放在小孩子够不到的地方。 _(状从) _(定从) 2) 这就是所有我要告诉你的。_（定从） _(名从),He put the book where the kids cant reach it.,He put the book in the place where the kids cant reach it.,This is all that I want to tell you.,This is what I want to tell you.,3）无论谁违反了校规，都要收到惩罚。 _ _(名从) _ _(定从) _ _(状从) 4）众所周知，他是个著名的作家。 _ _(定语从句) _ _(主语从句) _ _(主从+表从),Whoever breaks the law will be punished.,Anyone who breaks the law will be punished.,Whoever breaks the law ,he will be punished. (=no matter who),As we know, he is a famous writer.,As is known, he is a famous writer.,It is known that he is a famous writer.,What is known is that he is a famous writer.,一：Adverbial Clauses of Time 时间状语从句,When while as 区别？ 【考题探究】One Friday, we were packing to leave for a weekend away _my daughter heard cries for help. A. after B. while C. since D. when 考点总结1：三个词中只有_可以接暂时性动词。 典型句型： was doing somethingwhen was about to dowhen was on the point of doing sth. when,思考：三个词的共同点？,when,都表.的时候，都接延续性动词。,【考题探究】We are cleaning the classroom_ they are playing the football. A.when B.while C.as D.the moment 【考题探究】 _ I accept that he is not perfect, I do actuallylike the person. A. While B. Since C. Before D. Unless 考点总结2：_可强调对比，表“然而”;有时候也表转折，意为_。 【考题探究】 _ time goes by, we all grow old. A. after B. with C. since D. As 考点总结3：只有_表 “随着”。 典型句型: 随着社会的发展， As society develops, With society developing, With the development of society,while,尽管,【变式思考】_ time going by, we all grow old. after B. with C. since D. As,as,【考题探究】 1. (01北京春)Did you remember to give Mary the money you owed her? Yes. I gave it to her _ I saw her. A. while B. the moment C. suddenly D. although 2. (1998上海) I thought her nice and honest _ I met her. A. first time B. for the first time C. the first time D. by the first time 3. _ entered the office when he realized that he had forgotten his report. A. He hardly had B. Had he hardly C. Hardly had he D. Hardly he had,B,C,C,2. 总结“一.就”？,1）The thief was caught _ _ _ he arrived in Dalian. 2）_ _ (arrive)in Dalian, the thief was caught. 3）Hardly _ the thief arrived in Dalian _ he was caught. 4）The thief _ _ _ arrived in Dalian than he was caught. 考点4：注意时态与倒装？ 1)I _ _ (give) the letter to her as soon as I see her. 2)I _ (give)the letter to her the moment I saw her. 3)No sooner _I _( go) to bed than I _(go)to sleep.,as soon as 2)The momentminuteinstant, 3) immediately, directly, instantly, 4)hardlywhen ; no soonerthan 5)On doing sth, .,as soon as,On arriving,had,when,had no sooner,will give,gave,gone,went,3. since “自从”，时态要谨记：,常规：He _ _(work) here since he _(leave)his hometown. 【考题探究】 1)It has been is three years _I came here. 2)It was 5 am _we arrived at the village. 3)It was/will be two weeks _we met/meet again. 考点总结5：时间点对应_；时间段，从句用过去，主句一般现在或现完，用_; 主将从现或主从皆过去，用_。,has worked,left,since,when,before,when,since,before,【变式思考】It was three years ago _I came here. A.when B.since C.before D.that,小试牛刀 1. (04福建) Scientists say it may be five or six years_ it is possible to test this medicine on human patients. A. since B. after C. before D. when 2.(05北京春) It is almost five years _ we saw each other last time. A. before B. since C. after D. because,C,B,4. untiltill (till 不用于句首）,基本用法：主句为持续性动词， 主句肯定，意为“到为止”如：He remained there till/until she arrived. 主句短暂性动词时，用否定，意思是“直到才”如：She wont go to bed till/until he returns home. 思考：将上述划线句子变成强调句与倒装句？ 强调句：_ _ 倒装：_ _,It is not until he returns home that she will go to bed.,Not until he returns home will she go to bed.,二：条件状语从句,if, unless, as/so long as , on condition that , in case(万一) ,once,【考题探究】 It is known to all that _ you exercise regularly, you wont keep good health. A. unless B. whenever C. although D. if 【考题探究】 I always take something to read when I go to the doctors _ I have to wait. （05全国卷3） Ain case Bso that Cin order Das if 考点7：unless 相当于 if not，意思是“除非”“如果不就”。 考点8：in case+_; in case of +_.,句子,词语,【考题探究】Only if you eat the correct food _be able to keep fit. A.will you B.can you C.you can D.you will 【考题探究】 I failed in the test again. _I had made a good preparation for it. A.only if B.if only C.when D.unless 考点总结9：only if 意为_, 主语_; if only 意为_, 从句部分用_。 写作练习： 只用用这种方式，我们才能获取成功。 _,只有；如果,半倒装,要是就好了,虚拟,Only in this way can we make success.,三.原因状语从句,becausesince, nowin that as*for (并列句，只放句中),选词填空： 1) Why were you absent from the meeting yesterday? _I was ill. 2) _everybody is here, lets begin our meeting 3)_you didnt turn up at yesterdays get-together, we missed you very much ）It must have rained last night, _ the ground is wet,Because,Since,As,for,四：让步状从,though, although, while，as, even if / though, no matter wh-wh-ever, whetheror,【考题探究】 1)_late he is, his family will wait for him to have dinner together. 2)_ difficulties we face, we will never give up hope. 3)_you say is of no use now. 考点总结10：_只用于状从；_既引导状从，也引导名从。 _+ adj.adv; _+ n. ，句序相当于感叹句。,However,Whatever,Whatever,no matter wh-,wh-ever,however,whatever,考点11：“尽管”值多少？,【考题探究】 Child_he is, he knows a lot. (as引导的让步状从须倒装) = _ he is a child, he knows a lot. 考点总结11：_ _不可倒；_必须倒；_ 可倒可不到。,although , though , while as,asthough,Althoughwhilethough,although while,as,though,五：地点状语从句,【考题探究】He planted a lot of trees_ there are mountains and rivers. A.where B.which C.in which D.when 考点12：注意与状从与定从的区别： 在定从中where 可以=_。,介词+which,六：方式状从,as ; as ifthough,【考题探究】 1)When (you are) in Rome, do _the Romans do. 2)You look as if you _(be) very tired. 3)He talks about the moon as if he _(be)there. 考点13：as if though有时候用虚拟，对现在虚拟用_;对过去虚拟用_。,as,is,has been,did,had done,七：比较状语从句,【考题探究】 1)This building is twice _(high) than that one 2)This building is three times as_(high)as that one 3)This building is three times the _(high) of that one 考点总结14:倍数表达法：（先倍数后比较）： 1)A倍数比较级than B 2)A倍数as原级asB 3)A倍数the size(height, weight, length etc) of B,higher,high,height,比较级表示最高级意义：,1)用比较级表示。 He is taller than,any other student in his class.,anyone else in his class.,all the other students in his class.,=He is the tallest student in his class.,八：目的状语从句,so that, in order that， for fear that,翻译句子 1）Most students go to college so that they can be engineers, teachers or chemists 2）He took the name down for fear that he should forget it.,九结果状语从句,sothat, suchthat , so that,【考题探究】 1）Tom studied _ hard that he passed the exam. 2）He earned _little money that he couldnt support his family. 3）It is_ fine weather that we all want to go to the park. 考点总结15: _+n;_+adjadv.,但n.前有many/much,little few 时用_; 可数名词单数时:_+aan +adj.+n. =_ +adj.+ aan +n.,so,so,such,such,so,so,such,so,考点16：so such + adj.n 位于句首时半倒： So cold_ the weather that we had to stay at home. 考点17：定从与结果状从区别：asthat This is such an interesting book _ we all like. This is such an interesting book _ we all like it.,was,as,that,