现在分词的主要句法功能归纳.doc

现在分词的主要句法功能归纳适用学科英语适用年级高三适用区域全国课时时长（分钟）1课时/60分钟知识点现在分词做定语、表语、状语和宾语补足语教学目标知识：掌握分词的主要句法功能归纳方法：简明扼要的讲解，并配套经典习题的练习能力：提升对该现在分词句法功能的熟练程度教学重点现在分词做定语、表语、宾语补足语教学难点现在分词做状语教学过程一、 课堂导入本堂知识是高考中比较重要的考点，也是各地常考的考点，掌握好这张语法，不仅对做单选题有帮助，对于更好地理解完型、阅读和写作文都有帮助。二、复习预习复习上一单元的知识点之后，以达到复习的效果。然后给学生一些相关的单选或其他类型题目，再老师没有讲解的情况下，让学生独立思考，给出答案与解释，促进学生发现问题，同时老师也能发现学生的盲点，并能有针对性地进行后面的讲课。三、知识讲解知识点1：分词用作表语(1)有的用作表语的分词具有形容词性质，有的甚至已转化为形容词。(2)现在分词和动名词作表语的区别：现在分词作表语主要表示主语的性质和特征，而动名词作表语则主要是对主语内容的进一步说明和解释：My job is interesting.我的工作很有趣。My job is teaching maths.我的工作是教数学。另外，动名词作表语时它可与主语交换位置，而现在分词作表语则不可与主语交换位置：误：Interesting is my job.正：Teaching maths is my job.还有，作表语的现在分词不能带宾语，而作表语用的动名词可以带宾语(如上例)。知识点2：分词用作定语单个的分词作定语可以置于被修饰词语之前，但若是分词短语作定语则应置于被修饰名词之后：There is a gentleman asking to see you.有一位先生要求见你。She bought a computer produced in China.她买了一台中国生产的电脑。知识点3：分词用作状语:1【考查点】表时间Seeing the cat, the mouse ran off.见到猫，老鼠就跑了。The work finished, he went home.工作做完后，他就回家了2【考查点】表原因：Being very weak, she couldnt move.她由于身体虚弱而不能行动。His car broken down, he had to walk.他的车坏了，所以只好走路。Much discouraged，she moved on to London.她很沮丧，搬到了伦敦。3【考查点】表条件：United, we stand; divided, we fall.团结则存，分裂则亡。Given more time, we could have done it better.如果多给点时间，我们可以做得更好。Working hard, you will succeed.如果努力工作，你就可以成功。Adding them all up, we can find the answer.如果把它们加起来，我们就可以得到答案。4【考查点】表让步：Although living miles away, he attended the course.虽然住在几英里以外，他仍去上课。Defeated, he remained a popular boxer.虽然被击败了，他仍是一个受欢迎的拳击手。5【考查点】表方式：He earns a living driving a truck.他靠开卡车谋生。Im returning you letter as requested.我按要求给你退信。6【考查点】表伴随：He sat in the chair reading newspapers.他坐在椅子上看报。Dont you sit there doing nothing.别什么也不干坐在那里。He came in, followed by his wife.他走了进来，后面跟着他的妻子。7【考查点】表结果：He fired, killing one of the passers-by.他开枪了，打死了一个过路人。He died, leaving his wife with five children.他死了，留下他妻子和五个孩子。It rained and rained, vehicles bogged and bridges washed out.雨不停地下，车辆陷入泥沼，桥梁被水冲去。知识点4：分词用作宾补足语We found him greatly changed.我们发现他变化很大。I heard my name called.我听到有人叫我的名字。【注】比较以下两句用现在分词作宾补与用不带to的不定式作宾补的区别：I saw the children playing in the street.我看见孩子们在街上玩。I saw the children enter a shop.我看见孩子们进了一家商店。一般说来，用现在分词表示动词在进行，用动词原形表示动作的全过程。除动词see外，hear, notice, feel等动词也有类似区别。四、例题精析【例题1】Lots of rescue workers were working around the clock,_ supplies to Yushu, Qinghai Province after the earthquake.A. sending B. to send C. having sent D. to have sent【答案】A【解析】表示伴随。从 “were working”可以判断是进行时态，排除C。【例题2】In April, thousands of holidaymakers remained _ abroad due to the volcanic ash cloud.A. sticking B. stuck C. to be stuck D. to have stuck【答案】B【解析】remain是高考的重点词汇。当它做系动词时，后面接过去分词作表语。【例题3】The purpose of new technology is to make life easier, _ it more difficultA not makeBnot to makeCnot making Ddo not make 【答案】B【解析】不定式否定式not to make与to make life easier具有强烈的对比意义，在句中作表语。【例题4】 _ the city center, we saw a stone statue of about 10 meters in height.A. Approaching B. Approached C. To approach D. To be approached【答案】A【解析】考察现在分词作状语，表示正在进行或主动的动作。此时分词的逻辑主语就是主句的主语，因此要注意人称、时态和语态的一致性。五、课堂运用【基础】1I remembered _ the door before I left the office, but forgot to turn off the lights. A. locking B. to lock C. having locked D. to have locked 【答案】B 【解析】考查非谓语动词。句意：在离开办公室前我记住了去关门，却忘记了去关灯。remember doing “记得做过某事”；remember to do “记住去做某事”。句意表明用不定式做宾语。关闭，关掉，关上(水源、煤气、电源等)；关掉(水龙头等)；关掉(电器) 2 He had a wonderful childhood, _ with his mother to all corners of the worldA. travel B. to travel C. traveled D. Traveling【答案】D 【解析】主语（he）与动词travel之间存在主动关系，故用traveling作原因状语。3、No matter how bright a talker you are, there are times when its better _silent.A. remain B. be remainingC. having remained D. to remain【答案】D【解析】考查非谓语动词。句意：无论说话者有多聪明者,有些时候最好保持沉默。不定式做主语。句中it做形式主语，真正的主语是后面的不定式to remain silent。 该句型总结为：it is +形容词/名词+to do/that。4Listen! Do you hear someone _ for help?A. calling B. call C. to call D. called【答案】A【解析】该空在句中为非谓语动词作宾补，根据 someone与call的主动关系排除D项。Hear后接不定式作宾补时应省略to，由此排除C项。由Listen可判断此处表示正在求救，故选A项。【巩固】5Dina,_ for months to find a job as a waitress, finally took a position at a local advertising agency.A. struggling B. struggled C. having struggled D. to struggle【答案】C【解析】该空，分词短语作时间状语，其逻辑主语Dina与struggle为主动关系，故排除B项。由剧中的finally可知非谓语动词表示的动作发生在句中谓语took a position之前，故用现在分词的完成主动式。6 She cant help the house because shes busy making a cake(上海99)Ato cleanBcleaningCcleaned Dbeing cleaned【答案】A【解析】cant help to do sth 是不能帮忙做. Cant help doing sth 是情不自禁.7 He agreed here but so far he hasnt turned up yet(NMET95)Ahaving met Bmeeting Cto meet Dto have met【答案】C【解析】agree to do sth 为固定搭配，考查的是动词不定式做宾语【拔高】8You were brave enough to raise objections at the meeting -Well, now I regret that(NMET95) Ato do Bto be done Cto have done Dhaving done 【答案】C【解析】考查动词不定式充当宾语。regret to do 表示因要做某事而遗憾(事情还没有做),regret doing 表示后悔做了某事(为已经做过的事而感到.) 9、The old man sat in front of the television every evening, happy _ anything that happened to be on.A. to watch B. watching C. watched D. to have watched【答案】A【解析】考查非谓语动词。句意：那老人每晚都坐在电视机前，高兴地观看上演的节目。“要上演的任何节目”是一个将发生的动作，所以用不定式；D项表示一个完成的动作不符合语境。happy to watch anything that happened to be on为形容词短语做状语。10. The lady walked around the shops, _ an eye out for bargains.A keep B kept C keeping D to keep【答案】A【解析】句子主语lady和keep 之间是主动关系, 而且walk和keep 同时发生。 课程小结该知识点是各地高考的热点，不算很难的知识点，变化规则比较多， 需要学生们通过一定量的练习达到巩固熟练的程度。