EN 463 中文版 射线照片的图像质量.doc

EN462-1.1994（翻译：宋广泽 公供参考）EN462 Non-destructive testing-Image quality of radiographs 无损检测 射线底片质量Part: 1 Image quality indicators(wire type) Determination of image quality value第一部分：像质计 图象质量评估1.Scope 范围 This part of this European Standard specifies a device and a method for the determination of the image quality of radiographs. Other devices are the subject of parts 2 and 5 of the standard. 此欧洲标准的这一部分指定了对射线照相图相质量的评定方法和程序，其他程序见标准2至5部分。2.Normative references 参考标准 This European Standard incorporates by dated or undated reference, provisions from other publications.These normative references are cited at the appropriate places in the text and the publications are listed hereafter. For dated references, subsequent amendments to or revisions of any of these publications apply to this European Standard only when incorporated in it by amendment or revision. For undated references the latest edition of the publication referred to applies. 本欧洲标准由注明日期或未注明日期的参考，其他出版物的条款合并编制而成。这些参考在文本适当位置引用，所用出版物在此后列出。对于注明日期的引用文件，其以后的修改或修订内容只有在本标准进行修订或修改时才引用。对于未注明日期的引用文件，将引用其最新版本。EN462-2 Non-destructive testing-Image quality of radiographs-part 2: Image quality indicators (step/hole type),determination of image quality values1)EN462-2无损探伤；射线照片的图像质量。第二部分：像质计（线型）；图像质量数值的测定EN462-4 Non-destructive testing-Image quality of radiographs-part 4: Experimental evaluation of image quality values and image quality tables1)EN462-4无损探伤；射线照片的图像质量。第四部分：图像质量数值和图像质量表的实验性评估EN462-5 Non-destructive testing-Image quality of radiographs-part 5: Image quality indicators (Duplex wire type) Determination of image unhappiness value1) EN462-5无损探伤；射线照片的图像质量。图像质量指数（双芯导线类型），整体图像不清晰度数值的测定EN25580 Non-destructive testing Industrial radiographic illuminators Minimum requirements (ISO 5580:1985 )EN25580 无损检测-工业射线照相-最低要求EN45014 General criteria for suppliers, declaration of conformityEN45014 供应方的通用标准3. Definitions 定义 For the purposes of this standard, the following definitions apply: 本标准采用以下定义： 3.1 Image quality 图相质量 That characteristic of a radiographic image which determines the degree of detail which it shows. 判断射线图相显示详细程度的特征。3.2 Image quality indicator (IQI) 像质计 A device comprising a series of elements of graded dimensions which enable a measure of the image quality to be obtained. The elements of IQI are commonly wires or steps with holes. 一种包含一连串的元件和不同尺寸的能测量图像质量的设备，一般由金属线和孔洞组成。3.2 Image quality value 图像质量值 A measure of the image quality required or achieved and is equal to the wire number given in table 1 for the thinnest wire which can be detected on the radiograph. 测量图像质量应达到相当于表1中给出的在射线照片中能发现的最小金属丝的编号。4 Specification for wire type image quality indicators 线型像质计的规范4.1 Dimension, designation 尺寸及名称 Figure 1 represents a wire-type image quality indicator. 图1描绘了一个线型像质计Dimensions in millimeter单位：mma) Space for identification marking 各线之间距Figure 1: Image quality indicator (wire type)图1：线型像质计 The IQI system is based on a series of 19 wires of different diameters which are specified in table 1 together with the relevant tolerances and the wire numbers. This series of wires has been subdivided into four overlapping ranges of 7 consecutive wire numbers, viz. W1 to W7, W6 to W12, W10 to W16 and W13 to W19. The 7 wires in an IQI are arranged parallel to each other. The lengths of the wires, L are10mm, 25mm or 50mm. 像质计体系由一组19根不同直径的金属丝组成，表1规定了相关的公差和线号。这一系列像质计再细分为线号互相重叠的四组，每组有7根相邻线号的金属丝组成。即W1到W7，W6到W12，W10到W16 和W13到W19，一个像质计中的7根金属丝相互平行，其长度L为10mm，25mm和50mm。 The written designation of an image quality indicator shall give the symbol IQI, the number of the standard, the wire number of the thickest wire as specified in table 1 (e.g. W10), the symbol denoting the wire material (e.g. FE) and the length (e.g. W25): 像质计的书面名称应给出像质计符号，标准号，最大金属丝的线号（按表1规定如W10），金属丝的材料（如FE）和线的长度（如W25）。 EXAMPLE 1: IQI EN 462 W10 FE-25 例1：IQI EN 462-W10FE-25 The full designation may be abbreviated to the wire number of the thickest wire of the IQI (e.g. W10) and the wire material (e.g. FE) where reference to this standard is clear. 标准允许将全名缩写为最大金属丝线号及材料。 EXAMPLE 2: W10 FE 例2：W10 FE4.2 Material 材料 All the wires of an IQI shall consist of the same material and shall be embedded in a protective covering of a material which shall not affect the image quality value. See table 2 for usual wire materials. 一个像质计的所有金属丝必须使用同一种材料，并埋入一种对像质值没有影响的材料内。常用的金属丝材料见表2。4.3 Marking of IQI 像质计的标记 The marking applied on the IQI (see figure 1) shall give the following information: 用于像质计上的标记必须给出以下信息： a) The number of the thickest wire (1, 6, 10or 13); this is located at the side of the thickest wire. 最大金属丝的编号（如1、6、10或13），放在最大金属丝的旁边。 b) The symbol identifying the wire material used, e. g. FE. 像质计材料的常用识别符号，如FE。 c) The EN symbol, example: 10 FE EN . 符号EN，如10 FE EN。 The radiographic image of the identification shall not cause glare when the film is viewed. It is recommended that the absorption of the marking is not more than twice the absorption of the thickest wire. 标记符号的图像应保证在观察射线底片时不会刺眼，推荐的符号的材料吸收应不大于最大金属丝吸收的两倍。4.4 Declaration of conformity 合格证明 Each IQI shall be delivered with a declaration conformity according to EN 45014 or from an accredited laboratory which confirms that the specifications of this standard are fulfilled. For identification, the IQI shall be numbered and marked by the producer. 本标准使用的每个像质计均应依照EN45014有证明文件或来自于一个公认的实验室的说明书。为了辩认，像质计应由生产者编号并标记。 NOTE: Existing IQIs which conform to the dimensions in 4.1 may be used until 1995.备注：现有符合4.1规定尺寸的像质计可以使用至1995年。Table 1: Wire numbers, diameters and limit deviations (Dimensions in millimeter)表1：金属丝编号、尺寸、及公差（单位：mm）IQI including像质计包含的线号Wire金属丝Wire centerline spacing a金属丝中心间距aW1W6W10W13number金属丝编号nominal wire diameter公称直径Tolerances公差W13.200.039.6+1W22.507.5+1W32.006+1W41.600.025+1W51.25W61.00W70.80W80.63W90.500.01W100.40W110.32W120.25W130.20W140.16W150.1250.005W160.100W170.080W180.063W190.0505. Use of image quality indicators 像质计的使用5.1 Selection 选择 The criteria for selecting the IQI to be used shall be the material under test and the image quality value expected or required. 像质计的选用标准对于受检测材料和图像质量评估是所希望或必须的。 The wire material shall have a coefficient of absorption as close as possible to that of the material under test. Where IQIs as listed in table 2 are used for materials other than those listed in this table refer to EN 462-4. In such cases, the wire material shall have the next lowest coefficient of absorption to that of the object under test. If this is not feasible because the differences in absorption are too great, IQIs made of the same type of material as the object under test shall be used. 金属丝的材料吸收系数应尽可能接近受检测材料的吸收系数，表2列出常用的材料吸收系数，其他材料参照EN462-4，如果金属丝材料远低于受检对象，又因为吸收系数相差太大而没有合适的，则像质计应使用相同材料制作。Table 2: Types of IQI and wire materials used for selected groups of materials表2：像质计型号和金属丝材料的使用所对应的材料组的选择Image quality indicator像质计Wire number金属丝编号Wire material金属丝材料Suitable for test the following materials适合的材料型号W1CUW6CUW10CUW13CUW1-W7W6-W12W10-W16W13-W19Copper铜Copper, zinc, tin and their alloys铜、锌、锡及他们的合金W1FEW6 FEW10 FEW13 FEW1-W7W6-W12W10-W16W13-W19Steel(low alloyed)低合金钢Ferrous materials铁素体材料W1TIW6 TIW10 TIW13 TIW1-W7W6-W12W10-W16W13-W19Titanium钛Titanium and their alloys钛及其合金W1ALW6 ALW10 ALW13 ALW1-W7W6-W12W10-W16W13-W19Aluminium铝Aluminium and their alloys铝及其合金5.2 Arrangement 放置与安排 When the radiograph is taken, the IQI shall be placed on the side of the section under test facing the source of radiation and remote from the film. 射线检测时，像质计应放在工件上射线源一侧，并远离胶片。 If this is not possible, the IQI may be placed adjacent to the side of the section under test nearest the film. To indicate that this arrangement has been used, the image of a lead letter F shall be visible on the radiograph near to the IQI marking. 如果不能达到上述要求，像质计也可放在接近胶片的一侧。为表明这种放置方式，应在底片上靠近像质计标记的地方放置字母F。 The IQI shall be placed on the object in an area where the thickness is as uniform as possible. 像质计应尽可能放在受检对象上厚度一致的区域。 Other special arrangements may be specified in application standards. 其他的特殊放置可在应用标准中指定。6. Determination of image quality value 图像质量的评估 In determining the image quality value, the conditions for viewing radiographs specified in EN25580 shall be observed. The number of the thinnest wire which is visible on the radiograph shall be taken as the image quality value. The image of a wire is accepted if a continuous length of at least 10mm is clearly visible in a region of uniform optical density. 在图像质量评定中，观察底片的条件应遵守EN25580。作为图象质量值，最小可见的金属丝编号应记录。如果在一个黑度均匀的区域内能清晰可见的金属丝的连续长度最小为10mm，则这一图像是被公认的。 In general, the image quality value shall be determined for every radiograph for which a verification of image quality is required. 一般的，为了证明每一张底片的质量，图象质量的评估是必须的。 If steps have been taken to guarantee that radiographs of similar test objects and regions are produced with identical exposure and processing techniques and no differences in the image quality value are likely, the image quality need not be verified for every radiograph, the extent of image quality verification being subject to agreement between the contracting parties. 如果生产过程中采用同样的透照技术和工艺，检测相同的对象和区域，并能使检测步骤得到保证，且图象质量可能没有什么不同，则无需每张底片都进行图象质量评估，图象质量的范围由双方协商确定。