资源描述
111Teaching Goals: 1. To enable Ss to master how to remember new words.2. To get Ss to have knowledge of this grammar point: past simple, past continuous and past perfect tense.3. To enable Ss to make deductions about the past.Teaching Procedures:Step 1 Leading-inPurpose: To get the Ss to know the ways to learn words.Ask Ss to read Learning to learn and discuss what is provided for their learning strategies. Have they tried the method? Is it good? Ask them to give two examples of the method.Step 2 Grammar 1. PresentationPurpose: To get the Ss to know the teaching content of GrammarShow the following contents on the blackboard or PowerPoint. （1）一般过去时的考点分析（考核重点）。 一般过去时的基本用法：表示过去的事情、动作或状态常与表示过去具体的时间状语连用（或有上下文语境暗示）；用于表达过去的习惯；表示说话人原来没有料到、想到或希望的事通常用过去式。如：I met her in the street yesterday.I once saw the famous star here.They never drank wine.I thought the film would be interesting, but it isnt. 如果从句中有一个过去的时间状语，尽管从句中的动作先于主句发生，但从句中的谓语动词连用过去式。Eg He told me he read an interesting novel last night. 表示两个紧接着发生的动作，常由以下词语连接，用一般过去时。如：but, and, when, as soon as, immediately, the moment, the minute。Eg The moment she came in, she told me what had happened to her. He bought a watch but lost it. 在before或after引导的时间状语从句中用一般过去时态代替过去完成时。After he (had)left the room, the boss came in.We arrived home before it snowed. 常用一般过去时的句型：Why didnt you / I think of that?I didnt notice it.I forgot to tell you I had been there with my brother before.I didnt recognize him. （2）过去完成时考点分析（考核重点）。 在by、by the end、by the time、until、before、since后接表示过去某一时间的短语或从句以前发生的动作常用过去完成时。如：By the end of last year, we had produced 20,000 cars. The train had left before we reached the station. 表示曾实现的希望、打算、意图、诺言等。常用had hoped / planned / meant / intended/ though / wanted / expected等或用上述动词过去式接不定式完成式表示即：hoped / planned + to have done。“时间名词 + before”在句子中作状语，谓语动词用过去完成时；“时间名词 + ago”在句中作状语，谓语动词用一般过去式。如：He said his first teacher had died at least 10 years before. Xiao Hua left school 3 years ago. 表示“一就”的几个句型：Hardly / No sooner / Scarcely had + 主语 +过去分词 + when / than / before + 一般过去时。如：We had no sooner been seated than the bus started. = No sooner had we been seated than the bus started. （3）过去将来时考点分析。参照一般将来时对比：用would do、was / were going to do sth.表过去将来；come、go、leave等过去进行时表过去将来时；was / were to do sth.和was / were about to do sth.表过去将来。 （4）过去进行时考点分析。过去某一时刻正在进行的动作或某一阶段内发生或频繁发生。某一动作发生时另一动作正在发生，其中一个在由when或while引导的时间状语从句中。 （5）注意几组时态的区别： 一般过去时与现在完成时：时间上有差异：凡有过去时间的均用过去时态，不能用完成时态，如含有ago、last year、just now、the other day等。结果上有差异：现在完成时强调的是对“现在”的影响和结果，动作到现在刚完成或还在继续；一般过去时强调的是动作发生在“过去”，和现在毫无关系。 过去完成时与一般过去时：过去完成时强调的是“过去的过去”；如出现同一主语连续几个动作（“连谓”）形式则只用一般过去时即可。2. Practice Review of verb formsPurpose: To get Ss to have knowledge of the grammar through exercises. 1. Example(1) Are you a visitor here? Thats right. Iround the world and now my dream of coming to Chinatrue.A. have traveled； has come B. was traveling； had been come C. am traveling； has come D. have traveled； has been come解析：答案为C。由对话情景可知，“周游世界”是现在正在进行的动作，而“实现”是到说话时为止已完成的动作；come true不能用于被动语态。(2) Betty this morning? Not yet, but she is sure to be here before noon.A. Have you seenB. Will you seeC. Do you see D. Did you see 解析：答案为A。询问到说话时为止一段时间内某动作是否发生，要用现在完成时。(3) Jim talked for about half an hour yesterday. Never him talk so much.A.I heard B. did I hear C.I had heard D. had I heard解析：答案为D。hear 发生在talked这一过去动作之前；never是含有否定意义的副词，放在句首时，句子应用倒装语序。(4) The children very quiet； I wonder what they up to.A. were； are being B. are being； are C. are； do D. are being； do解析：答案为B。be用于进行时可表示一个暂时的特点或表现。What they are up to相当于What they are doing。解析：答案为D。根据目前迹象判断将要发生的动作用be going to；if only 意为“但愿”，其后的句子用虚拟语气。(6) He articles for our wall-newspaper these three years, and he about forty articles.A. has been writing； has writtenB. has been writing； wroteC. is writing； has been writingD. has written； has written解析：答案为A。由these three years可知应选现在完成进行时，表示“写”从过去一直延续至今，并有可能继续下去；“写了40 篇”用现在完成时，表示到现在为止已完成的动作。(7) She to the office than she got down to writing the report.A. has no sooner got B. had hardly gotC. no sooner got D. had no sooner got解析：答案为D。no sooner.than和hardly(scarcely).when均表示“一就”，且主句用过去完成时，从句用一般过去时。(8) When he was alive, the old scientist used to say that knowledge from practice and he gained his experience by doing a lot of practical work.A. was coming B. had come C. comes D. would come解析：答案为C。宾语从句表示的是客观事实。(9) In this experiment, they are woken up several times during the night, and asked to report what they.A. had just been dreamingB. are just dreamingC. have just been dreaming D. had just dreamt解析：答案为C。dream是从过去某时开始一延续到are woken up.and asked to report.这一现在动作之前的动作，故用现在完成进行时。(10) Whats the matter? The shoes dont fit properly. Theymy feet.A. are hurting B. will hurt C. have hurt D. are hurt 解析：答案为A。由Whats the matter 和dont fit 可知，hurt是现在正在进行的动作。2. 2. Exercise(1) Ask Ss to match the sentences with the names of the tenses in Activity 1.Suggested answers: past simple past continuous past perfect (2) Ask Ss to read the sentences and answer the questions in Activity 2 .Suggested answers:a past simple b past continuous c past perfect (3) Pair Work. Ask Ss to find more examples of each tense in Part 3 of the passage The Human Traffic Signal.Suggested answers:past simpleHe had a close encounter with death.He came off the road at a bend.past continuousHe was working as a lorry driver.He was driving a lorry load of bananas.past perfectHe had been a miner and a soldier.a bus which had crashed at la curva del diablo.(4) Ask Ss to complete the passage with the correct form of the verbs in Activity 4. Suggested answers:(1) had done (2 )was waiting (3) had seen/ saw (4) had asked/ asked （5）was crying (6) left (7) ran (8) was talking (9)had finished (10)did(11)knew (12)had happened (13) had forgotten (14) took (15)had frozenStep 3 FunctionPurpose: To get the Ss to know how to make deductions about the past through exercises. 1. Practice Ask the students to finish the exercise about giving reasons on P17.Suggested answers (Activity 1):1(d) 2(c) 3(b) a 1 and 2 b 3Suggested answers (Activity 2):1 must 2 cant 3 might 4 might 5 must 6 cantSuggested answers (Activity 3):1 He might have learnt a kind of African language.2 He must have met some important businesspeople.3 He cant have caught the train.2. ConclusionGroup work Ask the Ss to read the exercises again and try to make a conclusion of the use of cant have done, might have done and must have done 111
展开阅读全文