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111Welcome to the unit & Reading1. differences between A and B A与B之间的差异美国英语和英国英语之间有很多差异。There are many differences between American English and British English.2. What is.like? = How is.? .怎么样？今天天气怎么样？很好。Whats the weather today like? / How is the weather today? Fine.3. What do you think of .? = How do you find /like.? 你认为.怎么样？（用来询问某人对某事的看法）What do you think of the film? Its very exciting.How do you find/ like the film? Its very exciting.4. Going to a British high school for one year was a very enjoyable and exciting experience for me. (p.2, lines 1-2)句子的主语、宾语（动词或介词宾语）常为名词。动词不能直接作主语、宾语，须 +ing变成动名词方可；如为主动意义，用doing；被动意义，则用being done。试完成, 并在后面的括号内写出其成份： a, His _coming_ (come) here will be a great help. ( 主语 ) b, _Being praised_ (praise) by the class teacher made her very proud. ( 主语 ) c, Nobody likes _being laughed_ (laugh) at in public. ( 宾语 )d, I am looking forward to _meeting_ (meet) her. ( 宾语 )5. experience 1) U经验 2) C 经历 3) vt 体验 4) experienced有经验的Have you had any experiencein work of this sort? 你对这工作有经验吗？Only women with experience of office work can apply for the position.She is a teacher with more than 20 years experience in teaching.这次车祸对他来说是一次可怕的经历。The accident is a terrible experience for him.Please tell us your experiences of living abroad for so many years.He experienced the greatest hardship for the first time in his life.An experienced doctor is operating on the wounded soldier.6. attend vt. 参加，出席，上（学，课）attend a lecture / a party / a meeting / a class ; attend school/ churchDid you attend the meeting yesterday? 你昨天出席了会议吗？She was sick so she didnt attend school. 所以没有上学attend, joi n, join in, take part in attend 指参加会议，仪式，婚礼，上学，上课，听报告，听演讲，听音乐会等join 指参加某个团体，组织或党派，参加到某个人群中，而成为其中的一员。其后常接the army, the team, the club, the party, sb. 等 join (sb.) in (doing) sth. （和某人）一起做某事，参与正在进行的活动。join in 后的宾语一般是表示竞赛，娱乐，游戏等活动的名词。join in 与 take part in 有时可以换用，都指参加某一群体性活动。 May I _join in_ your conversation? When did your brother _join_ the army?Could I _join_ you _in_thanking todays speaker?Im going to the theatre tonight. Would you like to _join_(me)?7. respect1) n. 尊敬 2) Vt. 尊敬，尊重 3）respectable受人尊敬的 respectful恭敬的show/have respect for sb. earn respect (from sb.) 赢得/获得（某人的）尊重He has no respect for the feelings of others. 他毫不在意别人的感受。Hes a man much _respected_ by all his colleagues.我们通过努力学习赢得别人的尊重。We earn respect from others by working hard.8. devote oneself to (doing) sth. =be devoted to (doing) sth. 献身于., 专心致力于.在大学毕业时，我就决定我将把我的一生献给教育。When I graduated from university, I decided to devote myself to education.9. achieve (v.) achievement (n.)1) to finish successfully 完成，做到He will never achieve anything if he doesnt work hard.如果不努力，他会一事无成。2) gain 达到，实现 He achieved his goal. 他达到了他的目的。10. grade n. 1）等级 2）年级 3）分数 He is not in the first grade as a musician. 作为一个音乐家，他不是一流的。She got good grades last semester. 她上学期取得了好成绩。My daughter is a pupil in the second grade. 我女儿是个二年级的学生。11. average on average 平均1) n 平均；平均数The average of 3, 8 and 10 is 7. 3、8和10的平均数是7。His school work is well above / below average. 他的学习成绩在中等以上/以下。2) adj. 平均的；一般的What is the average rainfall for July?他只是一个普通的学生。 He is an average student.12. a bit / a little not a little: very much, not a bit: not at all Im a bit/ a little tired. 我有点累。I was not a bit tired after climbing the hill. 在爬山后我一点也不累。I was not a little tired after climbing the hill. 在爬山后我很累。He knows a little Japanese.= He knows a bit of Japanese. 13. challenge n.挑战； challenging adj 具有挑战性的I accepted his _challenge_ to run a race around the lake.She finds her new job very _challenging_. 14. struggle n.难事；vi.努力，挣扎，奋斗 struggle to do sth.Jack要在这么短的时间内作好准备真是不容易。It was a struggle for Jack to get ready in such a short time.Shes _A_a family on a very low income.A. struggling to bring up B.struggling bring up C. struggling to bringing up D.struggling bringing up15. for free =free of charge / without payment 免费地16fun adj.有趣的 n.（不可数）有趣的事，乐趣I enjoyed the show very much-it was really fun. 词性：_adj._Why dont you come with us ?Itll be great fun. 词性：_n._17. prepare v. preparation n.prepare sth. 准备某物 prepare to do sth. 准备做某事 prepare for sth. 为某事做准备prepare sb. for sth. / to do sth. 使某人准备好做某事be well prepared for sth/ to do sth. = be / get ready for为做某事作好了准备Mother is preparing supper in the kitchen. 妈妈在厨房准备晚饭。We are preparing for the coming exam. 我们正在为即将到来的期中考试作准备。The government is preparing to take measures to reduce pollution. 政府正在准备采取措施减少污染。You must prepare him to face difficulty.你必须教他准备面对困难。in preparation for = make preparations for为某事做准备 = prepare forShe bought a new coat in preparation for winter.We have made preparations for the coming exam.18. miss 1) 想念 2）未击中，错过，逃过等；miss+n./doingWell miss you very much if you move. 翻译句中miss的意思I shot at the goal but missed it.We missed the bus and walked home.The child just missed being hit (hit) by a car. 19. look back on.回顾，回忆当我回顾那些日子，我意识到我很不快乐。When I look back on those days, I realize that I was not very happy.Word power, Grammar & Task20. available adj. 可得到的，可到达的，可用的，有效的 be available to sb.; be available for sth.Is the new timetable available? 这张新时间表有效吗？21. upon/on +n./doing 一.就. a, On _stepping_ (step) out the taxi, he was caught by two men.b, On his _arrival_ (arrive) ,one of the first things that June does is to turn on the TV. 22. develop development n. a, vi & vt grow, increase, or become larger or more complete 发展，完善 a developing country发展中国家; a developed country发达国家 He has developed the habit of making notes while reading. 他已经养成阅读时记笔记的习惯。b, vt. bring out the economic possibilities, 开发，利用We should develop our good points and overcome our shortcomings.我们应该扬长避短c, 冲洗 develop the film; develop the photograph23. refer to a, to mention, to speak about 提到，说起He didnt refer to the problem at all in his speech. 他的演讲中根本未涉及到那个问题。b, to look at for information 参考，咨询，查（资料）If you dont know the meaning of this word, refer to（参考）the dictionary.The president spoke at the business meeting for nearly an hour without referring to his notes.c, to concern 涉及，关于 The new law does not refer to land used for farming. 新的法律没有涉及到用作耕地的土地。24. For one thing, . For another (thing), . 一则，二则；一来，二来You cant see in that fridge.For one thing, the lights gone and for another (thing), the buttons broken. 你看不到冰箱里的东西。一则，没有电灯，二则，按钮坏了。25. somehow 不知为什么，不知怎么地Somehow, I just dont think itll work. 不知怎么地，我就是认为它将不起作用。26. regret vt. 1) 懊悔，后悔 + n. / clause 2) 遗憾地说 / 告诉 + to say / tell / informI regret his retirement. 我很遗憾他退休。We regret that you have to sell your house. 我们很遗憾你必须卖房子。regret to do 遗憾要做某事; regret doing 后悔做过某事I regret to tell you that I cannot help you. 我很遗憾地要告诉你我不能帮你的忙。 I regret not giving him any advice. 我后悔没有给他建议。 We regret _B_ you that our library will be closed next Wednesday.A. informing B. to inform C. having informed D. to have informedI regret _C_ to come to your birthday party yesterday.A. to be unable B. not to be able C. being unable D. being not ableI deeply regret _C/D_ at the meeting.A. have spoken B. to speak C. having spoken D speakingn. U unhappiness 懊悔，惋惜; n. C things that make you feel sorry 懊悔的事 They said goodbye with regret. 他们很遗憾地说再见了。All of us have regrets in our lives. 我们所有人在一生中都有懊悔的事。(much) to ones regret 令某人(很)遗憾的是；have no regrets （对所发生的事）毫无遗憾27. inform vt & vi 通知 告诉n. information, a piece of information; adj. well-informed 消息灵通的; v. inform sb. of/ about sth. 告诉/通知某人某事 The headmaster informed us that the school would be closed next week.校长通知我们这所学校下周将关闭。 Mary informed her parents of everything that happened at school.玛利把学校里发生的一切都告诉了她的父母。Project28. run: 1) vi.:（机器）运转 ； 流、淌 2) vt.: 管理、经营a, Does your watch run well? ( 运转 ) 括号内写出run的意义b, Who has left the water running? ( 流淌 )c, My father ran a factory ten years ago.( 经营 )d, I have run short of money. ( 用光 ) 29. approve approval n. 同意1) vi 赞成 approve ofI dont approve of smoking in bed. 我不赞成在床上抽烟。You have made a wise decision, and I completely approve of it.2) vt 批准，通过The city council approved the building plan. 市长批准了那个建造计划。30. sb.be in charge of sth. / sth. be in the charge of sb. 负责，掌管 This term Mr. White will be in charge of our class.This term our class will be in the charge of Mr White.31. more than 1)超过,比.多 2)不仅=not only 3)非常（more than+sorry/pleased/angry/sad.）Im more than happy to see you again. 很，非常What I need is more than money. 不仅 There are more than 50 students in our class. 超过32. require vt. to need; to demand 需要 要求a, require sth. They require our help. 他们需要我们的帮助。b, sth require doing/to be done (want, need有类似用法) The plant requires watering. 植物该浇水了。c, require sb. to do 要求某人做某事 Mrs. Gu required all of us to attend the meeting. 顾老师要求我们大家参加会议。d, require sth. of sb. 要求某人做某事 What do you require of me?e, require that 从句用虚拟语气，即 (should) do ; (demand, order, suggest, insist等有相同用法) The boss required that they (should) start at once. 老板要求他们立刻开始。 111
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