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Unit 2 Grammar and usage Verb-ing form as an adjective or adverb and Verb-ing phrases,Part 1,Verb-ing form as an adjective or adverb,Lead-in Choose the right answer.,1.The children stopped _as the teacher came in. A talk B to talk C talking D talked,2.He is quite used _in all sorts of weather. A fly B to fly C to flying D to flied,3.Doctor Bethune went on _throughout the night. A work B worked C to work D working,4.Your shoes are dirty. They need _badly. A wash B washed C to wash D washing,5.The teacher spent a lot of time_me with my grammar. A help B to help C helped D helping,6.It was raining hard, but we kept on _forward. A move B moved C moving D to move,7.Please come early. Dont keep us_ for long. A wait B to wait C waiting D waited,8.She suggested _for an outing next Sunday. A go B to go C going D gone,9.Wang lin insisted on_to work in the countryside. A be sent B sending C being sent D send,10.Would your friend mind_a little more softly? A to speak B spoken C speaking D speak,11.I dont feel like_to the movies. A go B to go C going D gone,12.The shy girl doesnt like _at in public. A laughing B to laugh C laughed D being laughed,13.I first considered _to him, but then decided _him. A writing; seeing B to write; to see C writing; to see D to write; seeing,14.Do you consider it better_? A not going B not go C not having gone D not to go,现在分词的作用:,可以作形容词和副词作用，在句中作定语表语或宾语补足语。,1.做定语,It is a very moving film and it is well worth seeing. Upon hearing the exciting news,they jumped with great joy.,单个的现在分词作定语，放在名词的前面，相当于形容词，可加副词修饰。,The fast-growing economy has caused environmental problems. Canada is an Englishspeaking country. 有时现在分词可以和副词或名词构成复合形容词。,The girl sitting in the corner is my best friend.=The girl who is sitting in the corner is my best friend. People working in that bank are well paid.=People who work in that bank are well paid.,现在分词短语作定语放在名词后面，意思和定语从句一样，并且可以转变成定语从句。,Your journey in Kenya is really exciting. What you did was disappointing. The nightmare I had last night was very frightening.,现在分词作表语通常表示主语的属性和特征.,2.作表语,3.作宾语补足语 We find the journey to Africa exciting. He had a strange way to make his classes interesting. I heard someone playing the violin in the next room. 注意：在see,hear,watch,feel,notice等动词后，用现在分词构成的复合宾语，表示动作正在进行；而动词原形则表示动作的全过程，即动作已结束。 We saw the teacher making the experiment. I saw the girl get into the car and drive off.,现在分词用于动词stand sit 和lie后，通常表示这两个动作同时发生。 They stood talking to each other.(现在分词talking用于动词stand后，表示动作talk和动作stand 同时发生）They stood when they were talking to each other.,注意：,现在分词也有完成时式having+过去分词,Having worked side by side with many environmentalists,I know that a healthy environment and growing economy should be possible at the same time.(现在分词的完成时形式having worked 说明work先于主句谓语动词know发生）,Exercise on page 29,1.shocking,2.relaxing,3.tiring,4.disappointing,5.interesting,6.living,Part A,Part 2,Verb-ing phrases,做状语 现在分词作状语时，其逻辑主语必须与句子的主语相同；如果不相同，分词前必须加上自己的主语，这种结构被称为独立主格结构。 Time permitting,I will stay for another week.=If time permits,I will stay for another week.,1.作伴随状语 动词stand,sit和lie加现在分词作伴随状语，表示两个动作同时发生。 We sat there talking to each other. The poor man sat by the road,begging.,2.作方式状语，表示方式。 Americans like travelling,driving their cars. They often communicate with each other,using English.,3.作时间状语，相当于状语从句。 现在分词可表示动作同时发生或进行，而现在分词的完成时可表示动作的先后顺序，表示它发生在主句谓语动词表示的动作之前。 Seeing the big snake,the girl was almost frightened to death.=When she saw the big snake,the girl was almost frightened to death.,Having waited in the line for half an hour,he suddenly realized that he left his wallet at home.=After he waited in the line for half an hour, he suddenly realized that he left his wallet at home. 有时表示时间的分词短语可由连接词when,while,once,until,whenever等引出。 While reading the novel,he nodded from time to time.,4.作原因状语，相当于原因状语从句。 Being a student,I must work hard.=Because I am a student,I must work hard. Not knowing what to do next,he turned to the teacher for help.=Because he didnt know what to do next,he turned to the teacher for help.,5.作结果状语 Both his parents died in the war,leaving him alone in the world. The fish can eat a person in two minutes,leaving only the bones.,6.作条件状语 Working hard,you will succeed one day.=If you work hard,you will succeed one day. Putting more salt into the soup, you will find it more delicious.,注意： 现在分词的否定式中，否定词not 必须放在 最前面。 Not knowing much English,he found it difficult to communicate with foreigners. Not having received a reply,he wrote a letter to the professor again.,1._full preparations,we decided to put put off the meeting till next week. A. We did not make B. Having not made C. We had not made D. Not having made,2.European football is play in 80 countries,_it the most popular sport in the world. A. making B. makes C. made D. to make,3. _ what the situation would be like, they decided to keep silent. A. Having not known B. knowing not C. Not know D. Not knowing,4. _ the earth to be flat, many feared that Columbus would fall off the edge of the earth. A. having believed B. Believing C. Believed D. Being believed,5. _ such heavy pollution already, it may now be too late to clean up the river. A. Having suffered B. Suffering C. To suffer D. Suffered,6. _ all over the hills and around the lake are wild flowers of different kinds. A. To grow B. Growing C. Grown D. Grow,7. Tom sat under a tree, and seeing his friend, _ up in no time. A. to stand B. standing C. stood D. would stand 8. He sent me an email, _ to get further information. A. hope B. hoping C. to hope D. hope,9. _ the programme, they have to stay there for another two weeks. A. Not completing B. Not completed C. Not having completed D. Having not completed,10. Suddenly, a tall man driving a golden carriage _ the girl and took her away, _ into the woods. A. seizing；disappeared B. seizing；disappearing C. seizing；to disappear D. seized；disappearing,Homework:,DO exercise on C1 and C2 on page 100,Thanks!,Bye-bye!,同学们,来学校和回家的路上要注意安全,同学们,来学校和回家的路上要注意安全,
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