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第六章 情态动词和虚拟语气,情态动词和虚拟语气讲解 一、情态动词 (一)情态动词的基本用法 1can / could (1)表“能力”。 【例1】 Just be patient.You _ expect the world to change so soon. (2010全国) Acant Bneednt Cmay not Dwhether 答案 A,【例2】 We _ eat in a restaurant because none of us had any money on us. Acant Bcouldnt Cmay not Dmight not 答案 B (2)表“许可”。回答could的提问常用can，一般不用could。,【例3】 Could I use your bike? Yes, surely you _. Amight Bwill Ccan Dcould 答案 C (3)could一般只表过去的能力；若表示过去的能力得到了实施，一般用was / were able to，不用could。,【例4】 The fire spread throughout the hotel very quickly but everyone _ get out. Ahad to Bwould Ccould Dwas able to 答案 D,2may / might (1)表“许可” (can)。若表示“不可以、禁止”，用mustnt或cant。回答might的提问常用may，一般不用might。 【例5】 _ I take the book out? Im afraid not. (2010四川) AWill BMay CMust DNeed 答案 B,【例6】 Might I use your pen? Yes, of course you _. Amay Bmust Ccould Dmight 答案 A 【例7】 May I watch TV now? No, you _. Acan Bmustnt Ccouldnt Dmightnt 答案 B (2)may表“祝愿”，置句首，主谓要倒装。,【例8】 Good luck to you, and _ all your wishes come true! Acan Bmay Cmust Dmight 答案 B,3must / have to (1)表“必须”。must强调主观看法；have to强调客观需要。 【例9】 This is a bad partyWe really _ go. This is a lovely party, but we _ go because of our baby. Amust Bmay Ccan Dhave to 答案 A D (2)mustnt意为“禁止、不准”；havent to意为“不必”(neednt)。,【例10】 You _ practice the drums while the baby is sleeping. Ahavent to Bmightnt Cmustnt Dwont 答案 C (3)must表“偏要、硬要”。,【例11】 Why _ you always interrupt me? Acan Bwill Cmay Dmust 答案 C 【例12】 May I smoke here? If you _， choose a seat in the smoking section. Ashould Bcould Cmay Dmust 答案 D (4)以must开头的一般疑问句，若要作否定回答，常用neednt或havent to，一般不用mustnt。,【例13】 Must I come at four oclock? Oh，no.You _ come at four. Awont Bneednt Ccant Dmustnt 答案 B,4ought to / should (1)意为“应该”，表义务或责任，ought to的语气比should稍重。 【例14】 Its nearly seven oclock.Jack _ be here at any moment. Amust Bneed Cshould Dcan 答案 C (2)should表“竟然、万一”。,【例15】 You cant imagine that a wellbehaved gentleman _ be so rude to a lady. Amight Bneed Cshould Dwould 答案 C 【例16】 If you _ have any difficulty in getting spare parts, ring this number. Aought to Bshould Cwill Dwould 答案 B,5need (1)意为“需要”，作情态动词用时，须跟动词原形，无人称、数、时态的变化，一般只用于否定句或疑问句中。在肯定句中一般用作行为动词。 【例17】 I dont mind telling you what I know. You _.Im not asking you for it. Amustnt Bmay not Ccant Dneednt 答案 D,【例18】 I dont think he _ a new computer. Aneed to buy Bneeds buy Cneed buy Dneed 答案 C (2)以need开头的一般疑问句，若要作肯定回答，常用must，一般不用need。 【例19】 Need I come? Yes, you _. Aneed Bmust Cneednt Dmustnt 答案 B,6dare 意为“敢”，作情态动词用时，须跟动词原形，有过去式(dared)，无人称、数的变化，主要用于否定句、疑问句或条件句中。在肯定句中一般用作行为动词。 【例20】 I wonder how he _ that to the teacher. Adare to say Bdare saying Cnot dare say Ddared say 答案 D,【例21】 She _ tell the boss because she doesnt want to make trouble. Adoesnt dare to Bnot dare Cdarent to Ddares not to 答案 A,7shall (1)用于疑问句中征求意见，主语是第一、三人称。 【例22】 Lets go shopping, _ we? Adont Bwill Cshall Dmustnt 答案 C 【例23】 Professor Smith, many students want to see you._ they wait here or outside? ADo BWill CShall DWould 答案 C (2)用于陈述句中表示说话人的允诺、告诫、威胁、命令等，主语多为第二、三人称。,【例24】 I havent got the reference book yet, but Ill have a test on the subject next month. Dont worry.You _ have it by Friday.(2010江苏) Acould Bshall Cmust Dmay 答案 B 【例25】 Mike is absent from class. Tell him he _ answer for it if he goes on behaving like that. Ashall Bwill Cwould Dcan 答案 A,8will / would (1)用于征求意见，主语是第二人称。 【例26】 _ you be here when we get back? Surely. AShall BWill CDo DMustnt 答案 B (2)表“意志、意愿”，用于各种人称。主语若为无生命的东西，wont不表意愿，而是“就是不”之意。,【例27】 I pushed the secondhand car in the mud with my full strength, but it _ move. Awont Bwouldnt Cmightnt Dcouldnt 答案 B (3)表“习惯”，will指现在的习惯，would指过去的习惯。,【例28】 When he was there, he _ go to that coffee shop at the corner after work every day. Awould Bshould Chad better Dmight 答案 A,(二)情态动词表推测的用法 推测现在的情况，后接动词原形；推测正在进行的情况，后接动词的进行时；推测过去的情况，后接动词的完成时。 1must只用于肯定句中，意为“一定”。 【例29】 Good morning.Ive got an appointment with Miss Smith in the Personnel Department. Ah, good morning.You _ be Mrs.Peter. (2010北京) Amight Bmust Cwould Dcan 答案 B,【例30】 I didnt hear the phone.I _ asleep. Amust be Bmust have been Cshould be Dshould have 答案 B 【例31】 Do you know what Tom is doing at the crossroads? He _ for his girlfriend. Ashould wait Bmust be waiting Ccan have waited Dmight waiting 答案 B,2can / could多用于否定句或疑问句中，二者一般没有时间上的差异，只是could的语气更客气委婉。cant/couldnt意为“不可能”。 【例32】 Im afraid Mr.Harding _ see you now.Hes busy. (2010全国) Acant Bmustnt Cshouldnt Dneednt 答案 A,【例33】 There were already five people in the car but they managed to take me as well. It _ a comfortable journey. Acant be Bshouldnt be Cmustnt have been Dcouldnt have been 答案 D 【例34】 The World Wide Web is sometimes jokingly called the World Wide Wait because it _ be very slow. Ashould Bmust Cwill Dcan 答案 D,3may / might用于肯定句或否定句中，might不是may的过去式，只是might的可能性比may小。may not / mightnt意为“可能不”。 【例35】 Peter _ come with us tonight, but he isnt very sure yet. Amust Bmay Ccan Dwill 答案 B,【例36】 Is John coming by train? He should, but he _ not.He likes driving his car. Amust Bmight Ccan Dneed 答案 B 【例37】 I cant understand why our boss is late. He _ the early bus. Acould miss Bmay have missed Ccan have missed Dmight miss 答案 B,4ought to / should意为“按理应该”。 【例38】 When can I come for the photos? I need them tomorrow afternoon. They _ be ready by 1200. Acan Bshould Cmight Dneed 答案 B,(三)“情态动词have done”的虚拟用法 1ought to / should have done表示过去本应该做而实际上未做，含有责备的口气。 【例39】 I _ have watched that movie itll give me horrible dreams.(2010山东) Ashouldnt Bneednt Ccouldnt Dmustnt 答案 A,【例40】 Ill tell Mary about the result of her final examination. You _ her yesterday. Aought to tell Bmay tell Cwould have told Dought to have told 答案 D,2could have done表示过去本能够做而实际上未做，含有责备或遗憾之意。 【例41】 You _ your teacher for help.He is kindhearted. Yes.A whole day was wasted. Acan Bmust have asked Ccould have asked Dshouldnt have asked 答案 C,3might have done表示过去本可以做而实际上未做，含有责备或遗憾之意。 【例42】 He _ you more help, even though he was very busy. Amight have given Bmight give Cmay have given Dmay give 答案 A,4neednt have done表示过去本没有必要做，但实际上做了，含有遗憾之意。 【例43】 Mark _ have hurried.After driving at top speed, he arrived half an hour early. (2010天津) Aneednt Bwouldnt Cmustnt Dcouldnt 答案 A,【例44】 She was too nervous to reply, but fortunately she _ anything. Adidnt need to say Bneednt have said Cneednt say Ddoesnt need to say 答案 A,二、虚拟语气 (一)虚拟条件句的三种基本类型 1若与现在事实相反，条件从句的谓语用一般过去时(be通常用were)，主句谓语用“would (should，could，might)动词原形”。 【例45】 If places _ alike, there _ little need for geographers. Aare；should be Bare；will be Cwere；be Dwere；would be 答案 D,2若与过去事实相反，条件从句的谓语用过去完成时，主句谓语用“would (should，could，might)have过去分词”。 【例46】 If he _， he _ that food.Luckily, he was sent to the hospital immediately. Awas warned；would not take Bhad been warned；would not have taken Cwould be warned；had not taken Dwould have been warned；had not taken 答案 B,3若与将来事实相反，条件从句的谓语用一般过去时(be通常用were)或should动词原形或were to动词原形，主句谓语用“would (should，could，might)动词原形”。 【例47】 What would happen if the earth _ stop turning? Awill Bwould Ccould Dwere to 答案 D,【例48】 I think it _ much better if he _ a job soon. Yes, I agree with you. Awould be；got Bis；will get Cwould have been；had got Dwill be；got 答案 A 注：当条件从句使用“should动词原形”这样的谓语时，主句也可用陈述语气或祈使句。,【例49】 Let me know if you _ some more news. Aheard Bwould hear Cshould hear Dwere to hear 答案 C 【例50】 If you _ interested, I _ you the whole story. Ashould be；will tell Bwere to；will tell Cwere；will tell Dare；would tell 答案 A,(二)错综时间虚拟条件句 所谓错综时间虚拟条件句即条件从句与主句所指时间不一致，如从句指过去，而主句却指现在或将来，此时应根据具体的语境，结合上面提到的三种基本类型对时态作出相应的调整。 【例51】 We should be having a terrible time tomorrow if we _ everything ready by now. Ahavent got Bhadnt got Cdidnt Ddont get 答案 B,【例52】 If he _ quietly as the doctor instructed, he would not suffer so much now. Alies Blay Chad lain Dshould lie 答案 C,(三)含蓄虚拟条件句 假设情况不用if从句来表示，而是用without，but for，otherwise，or，but等表示一种含蓄条件。表示与现在或将来相反，用“would (should，could，might)动词原形”；表示与过去相反用“would (should，could，might)have过去分词”。 【例53】 Without the air to hold some of the suns heat, the earth at night _ for us to live. Awould be freezing cold Bwill be freezing coldly Cwould be frozen cold Dcan freeze coldly 答案 A,【例54】 He hesitated for a moment before kicking the ball.Otherwise he _ a goal. Ahad scored Bscored Cwould score Dwould have scored 答案 D 【例55】 But for the storm, we _ earlier. Awill arrive Bshould have arrived Carrive Darrived 答案 B,(四)虚拟语气的省略与倒装 有时可将连词if省略，而将从句中的were，should，had提到主语之前。 【例56】 What would have happened, _， as far as the riverbank? ABob had walked farther Bif Bob should walk farther Chad Bob walked farther Dif Bob walked farther 答案 C,【例57】 _ you be fired, your health care and other benefits will not be immediately cut off. AWould BShould CWere DWill 答案 B 【例58】 _ taken good care of, he would not have recovered so quickly. AHas he been not BHad he not been CHas not he been DHad he been not 答案 B,(五)使用虚拟语气的几种从句 1wish后的宾语从句和if only后的句子：表示与现在事实相反的愿望，从句谓语用一般过去时或过去进行时；表示与过去相反的愿望，从句谓语用过去完成时或“would (could)have过去分词”；表示将来没有把握或不太可能实现的愿望，常用“would (could)动词原形”。,【例59】 How I wish every family _ a large house with a beautiful garden! Ahas Bhad Cwill have Dhas had 答案 B 【例60】 I wish I _ you yesterday. Aseen Bsaw Chad seen Dwere to see 答案 C,【例61】 If only he _ what I tell him, but he wont. Ahad done Bwould have done Cwould do Dhas done 答案 C,2as if / as though引导的方式状语从句或表语从句：表示与现在事实相反，从句谓语用一般过去时或过去进行时；表示与过去事实相反，用过去完成时；表示将来的可能性不大，用“would (could)动词原形”。 【例62】 It seems as if the sun _ round the earth since it rises in the east and sets in the west. Acircles Bis circling Cwere circling Dhas been circling 答案 C 注：若从句所说的内容可能为事实，也可用陈述语气。,【例63】 The last bus has left.It seems as if we _ to walk home. Ashall have Bhad Cwould have Dhad had 答案 A,3Its (high / about)time后的定语从句：从句谓语通常用一般过去时或“should动词原形”(should不可省)。 【例64】 I still havent thanked Aunt Lucy for her present. Its time you _it. Ado Bdid Chad Dwould 答案 B,4would rather后的宾语从句：通常用一般过去时表示现在或将来的愿望，用过去完成时表示过去的愿望。 【例65】 George is going to talk about the geography of his country, but Id rather he _ more on its culture.(2010江苏) Afocus Bfocused Cwould focus Dhad focused 答案 B,5一个“坚持”(insist)、两个“命令”(order，command)、三个“建议”(advise，suggest，propose)、四个“要求”(demand，require，request，ask)后的宾语从句：一般用”should动词原形”(should可省)。 【例66】 The judge ordered that the thief _ punished. Awould be Bshould be Cwas to be Dmust be 答案 B,【例67】 He _ that he could finish the job without any help. Aclaimed Brequired Cdemanded Dasked 答案 A 注：动词insist，suggest后的宾语从句除可用虚拟语气外，也可用陈述语气，区别是：若从句内容尚未成为事实，用虚拟语气；从句内容已经成为事实，用陈述语气,【例68】 The young man insisted that he _ nothing wrong and _ free. Adid；set Bhad done；should be set Cdo；be set Ddoes；would be set 答案 B 【例69】 Janes pale face suggested that she _ ill and her parents suggested that she _ a medical examination. Abe；should have Bwas；have Cshould be；had Dwas；has 答案 B,6Itssuggested，ordered，required，demanded等表示“建议、要求、命令”的动词的过去分词that主语从句：常用“should动词原形”(should可省)。 【例70】 It is requested that visitors _ the exhibits. Ado not touch Bnot touch Cdid not touch Dwill not touch 答案 B,7“要求、建议、命令”等意义的名词后的表语从句或同位语从句：从句中的动词用“should动词原形”(should可省)。 【例71】 The suggestion that he _ at the meeting was that their working conditions _. Ashould make；would be improved Bmade；be improved Cmade；were improved Dmake；should be improved 答案 B,【例72】 He gave orders that everyone _ in their weapons. Aturns Bwill turn Cwould turn Dshould turn 答案 D,8Itsimportant/necessary / impossiblethat主语从句：常用“should动词原形”(should可省)。 【例73】 Its possible that he _ us some money, but its impossible that he _ us so much. Awill lend；will lend Bwill lend；should lend Cshould lend；will lend Dshould lend；should lend 答案 B,【例74】 Dont you think it necessary that he _ to Miami but to New York? I agree, but the problem is _ he has refused to. Awill not be sent；that Bnot be sent；that Cshould not be sent；what Dshould not send；what 答案 B,同学们,来学校和回家的路上要注意安全,同学们,来学校和回家的路上要注意安全,
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