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路漫漫其修远兮吾将上下而求索,走向高考英语,外研版高考总复习,语法专项突破,第二部分,语法专项突破(十四)情景交际,第二部分,考纲解读,命题分析,知识归纳,语法专练,2,3,4,1,交际用语主要考查教学大纲中所规定的常用会话套语。考查的方式以应答为主，提问为辅；以中英文化差异明显的语言交流项目为重点考查对象。全国各省市高考英语试卷中交际用语的考点涉及同意和不同意、肯定与不肯定、道歉、道谢、邀请、请求、允许、接受或拒绝、劝告以及安慰、惊奇等。,一、考点知识归纳(一)解答情景交际类题目的应对方略有关情景交际的考点主要分布在考纲规定的问候、告别、感谢、住院、祝贺、道歉、邀请、约会、请求、允许或不允许等三十余个话题中，同时也涉及了谈论天气、购物、问路、就餐、打电话、看病等十多项情景。为了更好地解答此类题目，我们应注意以下四点：,1大量阅读，熟悉句型结构。在复习备考过程中，要熟悉句型结构，进行大量阅读，积累各情景中的交际用语，尤其需要注意中英文化差异，增强理解能力，从而真正提高运用能力。2分析题目语言环境，确保用语和谐一致。交际用语的考查主要设置在真实的语境中，做题时要考虑全面，要注意语境的和谐一致。特别要注意上下句的关系，不能只看到题目的一部分就得出结论。特别是对话，要看答语和问句是否一致。,典题示例Letsgoshoppingafterschool._Callmeatthattime.剖析：Soundsgreat.多数题目是在语境中考查知识点，做这类题目时要注意语境的和谐一致。只看第一句话，我们不能确定选哪个答案。但从Callmeatthattime.可知，后者赞同前者的提议。做题时要考虑全面，要注意上下句的关系，不能只看到题目的一部分就得出结论。,3摈弃汉语思维习惯，考虑英语文化内涵。平日学习中要多说英语，多读英文读物，培养语感。做题时多从英语的角度思考，体会讲英语国家的文化背景，不要从汉语的角度思维。同时要把语法转化为一种语言习惯。做题时还要遵循文明礼貌、委婉客气的原则，同时要考虑一些常见的句式和结构。如Thanks,but.；Sorry,but.等。,典题示例Wereallyenjoyedourselvesattheparty.Thanksagain,Mr.andMrs.Smith.Nice_(meet)youhere.Justdropinwheneveryoufeellikeit.剖析：havingmetNicehavingmetyouhere中用了完成时，表示动作已经完成，故通常用于告别时，从第一句话可知这是道别的用语，因此是正确的。,Willyoujoinusinthegame?Thankyou,butIdrather_.剖析：notThankyou,but.是委婉拒绝他人邀请的交际用语，因此用not。,4善于比较、区别交际用语中的易混点。(1)Thatsallright.Dontmentionit.Yourewelcome.与Itsapleasure.的使用区别回答对方的道歉时应选用Thatsallright(没关系)。对于对方道谢的回答可用Yourewelcome.Dontmentionit.和Itsapleasure.。但三者也有细微的区别，如：顾客向服务员道谢时，服务员常说Yourewelcome.当对方对于你的帮助道谢时，你通常说Dontmentionit.对于生日宴会等场合对方提供的帮助、礼物等时的回答为Itsapleasure.。,(2)Itsa/mypleasure.与Withpleasure.当你帮完别人的忙，别人向你表示感谢时，用Itsa/mypleasure.，当别人需要你帮忙时，你同意则用Withpleasure.来回答。,(二)情景交际知识一、社会交往1问候Greetings(1)Goodmorning/afternoon/evening.Hello/HiHowareyou?Fine，thankyou，andyou?Verywell，thankyou.(2)Bestwishes/regardsto.Pleasegivemyregards/bestwishes/loveto.Sayhelloto.Pleaseremembermeto.,2介绍Introductions句型结构(1)ThisisMr./Miss/Ms./Comrade.MayIintroduceyouto.?Idlikeyoutomeet.(2)Howdoyoudo?Nice/Glad/Pleasedtosee/meetyou.Nicemeetingyou，Mr./Mrs./Miss.(3)Mynameis.Ima(student，teacher，etc.)(4)ImChinese.,3告别Farewells句型结构(1)ImafraidImustbeleavingnow.Ithinkitistimeforustoleavenow.ItstimeImet(did).；Ihavetogonow.(2)Goodbye!(Byebye！Bye！)Seeyoulater/tomorrow.(Seeyou.)Goodnight.,4感谢和应答Thanksandresponses句型结构(1)Thankyou(verymuch)Thanksalot.Manythanks.Thanksfor.(2)Itsverykindofyouto.Notatall.Thatsallright.Youarewelcome.,5祝愿，祝贺和应答Goodwishes,congratulationsandresponses句型结构(1)Goodluck!Iwishyougoodluck(success)!Goodjourney(toyou)!Haveagoodtrip.Haveanice(good)time.Idliketocongratulateyouon.,(2)Thankyou.Thesametoyou.(3)HappyNewYear!MerryChristmas!Happybirthdaytoyou.6道歉、遗憾和应答Apologies，regretsandresponses句型结构(1)Sorry/Pardon.Iamsorry.Iamsorryfor(about).Imsorryto.havev.ed/that.,(2)Excuseme(for.)Beafraidthat.Whatapity/shame!Itisapitythat.(3)Thatsallright.Itdoesntmatter.Thatsnothing.,7邀请和应答Invitationsandresponses句型结构(1)Willyoucometo.?Wouldyouliketo.?Idliketoinviteyouto.(2)Yes，ldloveto(.)Yes，itisverykind(nice)ofyou.(3)Idloveto，but.,8提供帮助和应答Offersandresponses句型结构(1)Can/Could/ShallIhelpyou?Wouldyoulikemeto.?Isthereanything(else)Icandoforyou?Doyouwantmeto.?WhatcanIdoforyou?Letmedo/carry/help.foryou.Wouldyoulikesome.?,(2)Thanks.Thatwouldbenice/fine.Thatsverykindofyou.Thankyouforyourhelp.Yes,please.Here,takethis/my/.(3)No,thanks/thankyou.Icanmanageitmyself.Thankyouallthesame.Thatsverykindofyou，but.,9约会Makingappointments句型结构(1)Are/Willyoubefreethisafternoon/tomorrow?Howabouttomorrowmorning/afternoon/evening?Shallwemeetat4：30at.?(2)Yes，thatsallright.Yes，Illbefreethen.(3)No，Iwontbefreethen.ButIllbefree.(4)Allright.Seeyouthen.,10就餐Takingmeals句型结构(1)Whatwouldyouliketohave?Wouldyoulikesomething(toeat/drink)?(2)Idlike.Chicken/Twoeggs.,please.(3)Wouldyoulikesomemore.?Helpyourselftosome.(4)Thankyou.Ivehadenough.Imfull，thankyou.Justalittle，please.,11打电话Makingphonecalls句型结构(1)Hello!Is.in?May/CouldIspeakto.?Isthat.(speaking)?(2)Holdon./Whoisit?He/Sheisnthererightnow.CanItakeamessageforyou?(3)Hello,thisis.speaking.Icalledtotell/askyou.,12传递信息Passingonamessage句型结构(1)Willyoupleasegivethisnote/messageto.?(2).askedmetogiveyouthisnote.(3)Thanksforthemessage.,13看医生Seeingthedoctor句型结构(1)Theressomethingwrongwith.Ivegotaheadacheandacough.Ifeelterrible(bad)Idontfeelwell.Ivegotapainhere.Thisplacehurts.Ivegotaheadacheandacough.,(2)Takethismedicinethreetimesaday.Drinkplentyofwaterandhaveagoodrest.Itsnothingserious.Youllbeallright/wellsoon.14谈论天气Talkingabouttheweather句型结构(1)Whatstheweatherliketoday?Howstheweather.?(2)Itsfine/cloudy/windy/rainy.Itsgettingcold/warm.Itsratherwarm/cold/hot.today，isntit?Itsabeautifuldaytoday.,15购物Shopping句型结构(1)WhatcanIdoforyou?May/CanIhelpyou?(2)Iwant/Idlike.Howmuchisit?Thatstooexpensive，Imafraid.Thatsfine,Illtakeit.Letmehave.(3)Howmany/muchdoyouwant?Whatcolour/size/kinddoyouwant?(4)Doyouhaveanyotherkind/size/colour，etc.?,16问路和应答Askingthewayandresponses句型结构(1)Excuseme，wheresthemens/ladiesroom?Excuseme，canyoutellmethewayto.?HowcanIgetto.?Idontknowtheway.(2)Godownthisstreet.Turnright/leftatthefirst/secondcrossing.Itsabout.metresfromhere.Gostraightaheadtillyousee.,17请求允许和应答Askingforpermissionsandresponses句型结构(1)MayI.?Can/CouldI.?IwonderifIcould.Would/DoyoumindifIopened/openthewindow?(2)Yes/Sure/Certainly.Yes,(do)please.Ofcourse(youmay)Goahead,please.,ThatsOK/allright.Notatall.(3)Imsorry，youcant.Imsorry，hut.Youdbetternot.18劝告和建议Adviceandsuggestions句型结构(1)Youdbetter(not).Youshould/oughtto.Youneed(to).Isuggestthat.,(2)Shallwe.?Lets.What/Howabout.?Whynot.?Whydontyou.?19提醒Reminding句型结构Dontforgetto.Dontyourememberthedayswhen.MakesurethateverythingisOKnow.,二、态度1意愿和愿望Intentionsandwishes句型结构(1)Imgoingto.Iintend/mean/planto.Iwill.Ifeellikewalking(goingoutforawalk)Idliketo.I(donot)want/hopeto.Imreadyto.Iwouldrathernottellyou.,(2)Iwant/hope/wishto.Iwishthat.IwoulddoitifIshouldhavethechance.Iwouldliketo.IfonlyIcouldseehim.2同意和不同意Agreementanddisagreement句型结构(1)Certainly/Sure/Ofcourse.Noproblem.Yes,please.Yes，Ithinkso.,Thatstrue/right.Allright/OK.Thatsagoodidea.Itsagoodideato./Itwouldbeagoodideato./that.I/Weagree(withyou)Iagreeto./thatclause.(2)No.Idontthinkso.Doyouthinkso?Imafraidnot.ImafraidI(really)cantagreewithyou.Idontagree(with).,3喜好和厌恶Likesanddislikes句型结构(1)Ilike/love.(verymuch)Ilike/loveto.(2)Idontlike(to).Ihave(to).,三、情感1表示喜悦Expressingpleasure句型结构Imglad/pleased/happyto.Thatsnice/wonderful/great.Hopefullytomorrowwillturnfine.,2惊奇Surprise句型结构Really?Haventyouheard?Ohdear!Isthatso?Goodheavens!MyGod!Goodness!,3焦虑Anxiety句型结构Whatswrong?Whatsthematter(withyou)?Im/Hes/Shesworried.Oh，whatshallI/wedo?Wewereallanxiousabout.4安慰ReassuranceDontbeafraid.Dontworry.Its(quite)allright.ItllbeOK/allright.Takeyourtime.,5满意SatisfactionGood!Welldone!Perfect!Thatsfine.Thatsbetter.Thatsgoodenough.ImpleasedwithyourspokenEnglish.Wonderful,indeed.,6遗憾RegretImsosorry!Itsagreatpity!Whatashame!Thatstoobad!IwishIhadnevergivenitup.IfIhadbeenthere,hewouldnothavemadesuchaseriousmistake.,7同情SympathyImsosorry!Imsosorryaboutyourillness.Imsorrytohearyouaregoingaway.Pleaseacceptmydeepsympathy.,二、方法技巧总结方法一巧用答语提示法在有些征求意见或请求许可的问话中，我们可以根据已有的答语来判断说话者的态度，是同意还是拒绝，是支持还是反对。典题示例Illbeawayonabusinesstrip.Wouldyoumindlookingaftermycat?Notatall.Idbehappy_.,剖析：to句意：“我要出公差。你介意照看一下我的猫吗？”“不介意。我很乐意。”根据句意可以推断出这是请求别人帮忙的问话，从Notatall这一答语中可知应答者的态度，所以用to。IdbehappytoIdbehappytolookafteryourcat.,方法二：身临其境法在审题过程中，我们可以假设自己就在那种氛围中，自己就是对话者的角色。这样能更准确地把握出题者的思路，作出准确的判断。典题示例Doremembertoseeadoctortomorrow!_(get)it.剖析：Got句意：“一定要记得明天去看医生！”“明白”。GotitIhavegotit.“我明白”。假如你就是文中叮嘱的人，你觉得最合适、最想听到的答语应该是Gotit。,方法三语境归类法在平常的练习中我们可以对情境进行归类，以便综合记忆。如：看到Imsorry,Imafraid,youdrathernot,youdbetternot这样的答语时，很自然地就联想到，这一类是同一语境，用于委婉地拒绝别的请求、建议和帮助。看到wouldyoumind这样的字眼要特别注意yes表示介意，no表示不介意。,典题示例Doyoumindmyturningoffthelight?Id_youdidnt.Imreadingtheendofthestory.剖析：rather句意：“你介意我关灯吗？”“我想你最好别关。我马上就读完这个故事了。”Idratheryoudidnt(我不愿你关)符合语境。,
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