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1. 中国的茶文化中国是一个文化历史悠久的（time-honored）国度，也是一个礼仪（ceremony and decorum）之邦。每当客人来访，都需要泡茶给客人喝。在给客人奉茶之前，你应该问问他们都喜欢喝什么类型的茶，并采用最合适的茶具奉上。奉茶期间，主人需要仔细留意客人的茶杯里的茶量。通常，若是用茶杯泡的茶，在茶喝完一半之后就应该加开水，这样，茶杯就一直都是满的，茶的芳香（bouquet）也得以保留。Chinese Tea CultureChina is a country with a time-honored civilization and also a land of ceremony and decorum. Whenever guests visit, it is necessary to make and serve tea to them. Before serving tea, you may ask them for their preferences as to what kind of tea they fancy, and serve them the tea in the most appropriate teacups. In the course of serving tea, the host should take careful note of how much water remains in the guests cups. Usually, if the tea is made in a teacup, boiling water should be added into the cup when half of the tea in it has been consumed; and thus the cup is kept filled and the tea retains the same bouquet.2. 中国结中国结（the Chinese knot）是中国的一种传统而典型的民间手工编织装饰品。在汉语中，“结”寓意团圆、友好、和平和爱等，所以中国结经常被用来表达美好的祝愿。每个中国结通常只用一根丝线或丝绳编结而成，每一个结根据其形状和意义命名。编织中国结的主要材料是各种线，线的种类包括丝、棉、麻（linen）、尼龙（nylon）等。中国结兼具实用性和装饰性，充分反映了中国文化的魅力。The Chinese KnotThe Chinese knot is a kind of traditional and typical folk hand-woven decoration in China. In Chinese language, jie (a knot) means reunion, amity, peace and love, etc., so the Chinese knot is often used to express good wishes. Each knot is usually woven with only one silk cord or silk rope, and named according to its shape and meaning. Chinese knots are mainly made of various cords which can be silk, cotton, linen or nylon and so on. The Chinese knot is both practical and decorative, fully reflecting the charm of Chinese culture.3. 唐诗唐诗（Tang poetry）泛指创作于唐代（618年907年）的诗。唐诗是汉族最珍贵的文化遗产之一，同时也对周边民族和国家的文化发展产生了很大影响。唐诗中流传最广的当属收录在唐诗三百首（Three Hundred Poems of the Tang Dynasty）中的诗歌，里面收录的许多诗篇都为后人所熟知。唐代的诗人特别多，其中李白、杜甫等都是世界闻名的伟大诗人，他们的作品有很多都是脍炙人口的诗篇。Tang PoetryTang poetry generally refers to poems written during the Tang Dynasty (618 A.D.-907A.D.). Tang poetry is one of the most valuable cultural heritages of the Han Chinese. Meanwhile, it also has a great influence on the cultural development of neighboring ethnic groups and nations. The most widely spread among Tang poems are definitely the poems that are included in the Three Hundred Poems of the Tang Dynasty, many of which are quite popular with people of later generations. There are lots of poets in Tang Dynasty, among whom Li Bai and Du Fu are world-famous. Many of the two great poets works are household poems.4.孟子孟子（Mencius）是战国时期（the Warring States Period）伟大的思想家、教育家。孔子去世100年后，孟子传授并发展了孔子的学说，他的哲学思想与孔子是一脉相承的。孟子认为人性本善，是社会的影响引发了道德的堕落，因此十分重视道德教育。孟子的母亲在他的生命中扮演了重要的角色，她曾三度迁居，只为了帮助她的孩子找到一个合适的成长环境。MenciusMencius is a great ideologist and educator in the Warring States Period. A hundred years after Confucius died, Mencius taught and expanded Confucian doctrine. His philosophical thinking has its origin in Confucius thoughts. Mencius believes that human nature is essentially good, and it is societys influence that causes the degradation of morality. For that reason, he attaches great importance to moral education. Mencius mother plays an important role in his life. She moved home three times only to find an environment that she felt was suitable for the childs upbringing.5.西湖西湖位于杭州市中心的西部，是江南三大名湖之一。由于西湖的缘故，杭州自古就被誉为“人间天堂”。西湖就像镶嵌（inlay）在广袤大地上的一颗璀璨的明珠，以其秀丽的风景、闻名的古迹、灿烂的文化和丰富的特产而闻名。宋代大文豪苏轼在西湖留下了“欲把西湖比西子，淡妆浓抹总相宜”的千古绝唱；白娘子的传奇故事（The Legend of White Snake）也给西湖增添了一层神秘色彩。The West LakeThe West Lake, located in the western area of Hangzhous center, is one of the top three lakes in the regions south of the Yangtze River. Because of it, Hangzhou has been acclaimed as a heaven on earth since ancient times. The West Lake is like a shining pearl inlaid on the vast land, renowned for its beautiful scenery, well-known historical sites, brilliant culture, and plentiful local specialties. The literary giant Su Shi in Song Dynasty left a poetic masterpiece through the ages there: The West Lake is like the beauty Xi Shi, who is always charming with either light or heavy make-up (rainy or shiny). The Legend of White Snake also brings the West Lake an air of mystery.6. 饺子饺子，是一种以面为皮（wrapper）的充馅食物，它是中国北方比较传统的食物，饺子深受中国汉族人民的喜爱。中国人过春节和其他节日，饺子是必不可少的。相传是我国古代名医张仲景发明的。“饺子”得名的原因非常简单，“饺子”音同“交子”，是新旧交替之意，因为春节标志着新的一年的开始，人们选择吃饺子来表达他们对新年的美好祝愿。尽管时代变了，但是这一传统却保留了下来。JiaoziJiaozi, or dumpling is a kind of food stuffed with filling inside a wheat wrapper. As a quite traditional food in Northern China, it is very popular among Han Chinese. Jiaozi is absolutely necessary when the Chinese people celebrate the Spring Festival and other festivals. It is said that jiaozi was invented by Chinas famous ancient doctor Zhang Zhongjing. The reason for naming the food as jiaozi is very simple: because jiaozi is homophonous to the Chinese phrase change of year, which means the transition from the old to the new. As the Spring Festival marks the start of a new year, people choose to eat jiaozi to express their best wishes for the New Year. This tradition has remained unbroken despite the change of times.7. 人肉搜索“人肉搜索（Human Flesh Search）”或许是中国网络空间最火的词之一。它是指网民大规模的协作以确认和发布尽可能多的有关目标个体或团体的信息。对于中国庞大的网民来说，人肉搜索已经成为揭露腐败、虚假和不公的有效工具。然而，凡事皆有两面性，人肉搜索有时会被人用于不良目的。因此，必须制定法律和规定以确保它的健康发展。Human Flesh SearchHuman Flesh Search may be one of the hottest words in Chinas cyberspace. It refers to the massive collaboration of the netizens to identify and release as much information on a targeted individual or group as possible. For the vast number of Chinese Internet users, the human flesh search has become an effective tool in exposing corruption, fraudulence and injustice. However, every coin has two sides. The human flesh search may sometimes be misused for ulterior purposes. Therefore, laws and regulations must be made to ensure its healthy development.8. 电视相亲节目电视相亲节目就是以相亲和婚姻为主题的娱乐真人秀节目。该类节目所讨论的话题除去婚姻和爱情外，还包括中国当今社会盛行的拜金、房奴（housing mortgage slave）和剩女等话题。例如，某相亲节目的一位女嘉宾拒绝男嘉宾的追求时曾说“宁可坐在宝马车里哭，也不愿坐在自行车的后座笑”。除了非议，相亲节目却也为忙碌的年轻单身男女提供了一个全新的交友平台。TV Dating ShowA TV dating show is an entertainment reality show featuring blind dates and marriage seeking. The topics discussed in the show have gone far beyond the scope of love or marriage including those popular topics in the current Chinese society, such as money worship, housing mortgage slave, and 3S ladies,etc. For example, a female contestant in one dating show said when she rejected the courting of her suitor, said: Id rather sit and cry in a BMW than laugh on the backseat of a bicycle. Despite all its criticism, a TV dating show provides a brand-new dating platform for busy young single people.9. 正能量“正能量”（positive energy）本是物理学名词，最近却被赋予了新的含义并迅速流行起来。与“负能量”相反，“正能量”指的是一种健康乐观、积极向上的动力和情感，给人信心和希望，鼓舞人不断追求幸福生活。当下，该词在网络上尤为流行，很多充满“正能量”的故事和图片在网络上频频出现。网友们（netizens）为所有积极的、催人奋进的人和事，贴上“正能量”的标签。Positive EnergyPositive energy, originally as a term in physics, has been given a new meaning recently and become popular rapidly. In contrast to negative energy, positive energy refers to a kind of healthy, optimistic and vigorous power and emotion, giving us confidence and hope and encouraging us to pursue a happy life constantly. This term is particularly popular on the Internet currently. Large amounts of stories and pictures full of positive energy appear on the Internet frequently. All the vigorous and inspiring people and stories are labeled with positive energy by netizens.10.山寨“山寨（copycatting）”是一种新兴的、流行的社会现象用语。“山寨”物品的主要特点为仿造性、快速化、平民化。主要表现形式为通过私人小作坊（individual workshop）制作，快速模仿著名品牌，涉及手机、数码产品、游戏机等不同领域。如今，网络上各种各样的东西都有山寨版，如山寨版手机、山寨版电脑、山寨版“鸟巢”、甚至山寨版明星等。Shanzhai (Copycatting)Shanzhai (copycatting) is a new and popular term used to describe a certain social phenomenon. Main features of shanzhai products are as follows: they are counterfeits; they are produced quickly and their consumers are ordinary people. These products are mainly produced by individual workshops to quickly imitate famous brands of various fields such as cell phones, digital product and video game players. Nowadays, everything on the Internet has its shanzhai version such as shanzhai cell phones, shanzhai computers, shanzhai Birds Nest and even shanzhai star.
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