学术英语(医学)U.ppt

学术英语医学,MedicalEducation,Unit9,MedicalEducationComparedwithotherprofessions,theprofessionofmedicinehasitsuniqueness,andtherearesomeminimalrequirementsforthosepre-serviceandin-servicemedicalprofessionalsintermsofbothknowledgeandpersonalities.Medicaleducationisexpectednotonlytocultivateprospectivemedicalprofessionalswithnecessaryknowledgeandskillsbutalsotohelpthemdeveloppersonalitiesappropriatefortheirmedicalcareer.,UnitContents,Lead-in,TextA,TextB,TextC,Listening,Speaking,Writing,GetreadingforUnit10,Unit9MedicalEducation,Lead-in,IssuestobecoveredSuggestedanswers,Unit9MedicalEducation,Lead-in,Issuestobecovered,1.Thepersonalattributesnecessaryforamedicalprofessional2.Thewaymedicalschoolsareranked3.Thetermsreferringtoamedicalprofessionalinhisvariousstagesoftrainingandmedicalpractice4.ThenecessarystepstobecomeamedicalprofessionalinUSA,Unit9MedicalEducation,Lead-in,Suggestedanswers,Task:Brainstormingroupsof4-5thequalitiesorpersonalattributesthatagoodphysicianusuallypossesses,andwritethemdoneintheblanksgivenbelow.,Unit9MedicalEducation,knowledgeexpertiseskillcompassiondevotionpatiencePerseverancetalent,caringaltruismSamaritanismsacrificelovehumanismmorality,Watchthevideoandcheckagainstthelist!,TextA,CriticalreadingandthinkingTopicsforpresentationUsefulexpressionsLanguagebuilding-upMedicalterminologySignpostlanguageFormalEnglishVocabularytestSuggestedanswers,Unit9MedicalEducation,TextACriticalreadingandthinking,Topicsforpresentation,1Giveexamplestoillustratechangesthathaveoccurredinmedicalschoolcurriculum.,Theadditionofprogramstocurrentcurriculum:“MedicalHumanities”“Physician-PatientCommunication”SocialandCulturalIssuesinHealthCare”,Unit9MedicalEducation,TextA,Usefulexpressions,tobetterpreparetheirstudentsforthechallengestheywillfacethroughouttheirprofessionalcareers.Thechangesthathavebeenadoptedaretrulyimpressive,yetthereisstillmoretobeaccomplished.,Criticalreadingandthinking,Unit9MedicalEducation,2Whatistheprimarypurposeofmedicaleducation?,Topicsforpresentation,TextACriticalreadingandthinking,Forstudentstolearn,indepth,whatitmeanstobeaphysician:1)Upongraduation,theycanhaveanunderstandingofwhatitmeanstobeaphysicianwhenarebestowedwiththetitle,and2)theycanhavethepersonalqualitiesforaphysiciantobecapableofmeetingthepublicsexpectationsofadoctor.,Unit9MedicalEducation,TextA,Topicsforpresentation,3Whyisitwrongtoequatebecomingaphysicianwithpossessingabodyofknowledgeandasetofskills?,Criticalreadingandthinking,Abodyofknowledgeandasetofskillsrequiredvarydependingupontheparticularcareerpathaphysicianhaschosen.Besidesabodyofknowledgeandasetofskillsaphysicianalsoshouldpossesssomepersonalattributestomeetthepublicsexpectationsandtodefinetheessenceofwhatitmeanstobeaphysician.,Unit9MedicalEducation,TextA,Topicsforpresentation,4WhatdidPeabodymeanbysaying“Thesecretofthecareofthepatientisincaringforthepatient”?,Criticalreadingandthinking,Unit9MedicalEducation,thevaluethatpatientsplaceonbeingtrulycaredforbyaphysicianaresponsibilitytocontinuetocarefortheirpatientswhenaphysiciancannolongerprescribeaparticularformoftreatmentorofferthelikelihoodofacureifnotbeingcaring,thepatientswillsensethattheyhavebeenabandonedbytheirdoctoratacriticaltime,TextA,Usefulexpressions,Therearemanytextthatdescribeineloquenttermsthevaluethatpatientsplaceonbeingtrulycaredforbyaphysician.Membersofthemedicalprofessionhavetoooftenequatedcaringwithtreatment,andhavetendedattimestolimittheirroletoprovidingtreatmentleadingtoacure.,Criticalreadingandthinking,Unit9MedicalEducation,TextA,Topicsforpresentation,Criticalreadingandthinking,5Whymustaphysicianbeinquisitive?,Unit9MedicalEducation,Agreatdealaboutmedicinethatisnotknown.Agreatdealthatindividualphysiciansdonotknowaboutwhatisknown.,TextA,Usefulexpressions,Medicinehasalongtraditionofcelebratingknowledgeallthatthemembersoftheprofessionknowaboutmechanismsofdiseaseandthediagnosisandmanagementofvariousclinicalmaladies.,Criticalreadingandthinking,Unit9MedicalEducation,6Whatisthecivicresponsibilityofaphysician?,TextA,Topicsforpresentation,Criticalreadingandthinking,Unit9MedicalEducation,Morepersonalinvolvementinmeetingmedicinesresponsibilitytosociety.Concerningthemselveswithensuringthattheirprofessionalorganizationsarefocusedonservingtheinterestsofthepublic.Consciouscontributioninavarietyofwaystothebettermentofthecommunitiestheylivein:byparticipatingincommunityorganizationsbybringingtheirspecialtalentstobearinvolunteereffortsspecificallyaimedatimprovingthehealthofthepublic.,TextA,Usefulexpressions,Overtheyears,thisresponsibilityhascometobeviewedasanelementofprofessionalismthatissomehowembedded,atleastimplicitly,withinthecontextofthesocialcontractthatdefinesthemedicalprofessionsresponsibilitytothesocietyasawholearesponsibilitymanifestedlargelybyhowprofessionalorganizationsrelatetothepublic.,Criticalreadingandthinking,Unit9MedicalEducation,Haveawholepicture!,TextA,TextAnalysis,Criticalreadingandthinking,Unit9MedicalEducation,Qualitiesofatruephysicianmuchoftheknowledgemanyoftheskillscaringinquisitivenesscivic-mindedness,ToSumUp:,TextA,TextAnalysis,Criticalreadingandthinking,Unit9MedicalEducation,aphysiciannotcaring,inquisitive,andcivicmindedmaybeahighlyskilledtechnicianinvolvedinthepracticeofmedicine,suchanindividualwillnottrulyreflecttheessenceofwhatitmeanstobeaphysicianmedicalschoolscontinuetomodifytheireducationalprogramstoreflectacommitmenttoensuringthattheirgraduatesbecaring,inquisitive,andcivic-mindedphysicians,TextA,AdditionalActivity,ReadPara.8morecarefullyandgiveyourunderstandingaboutthesentencebelow:“Mostofthediagnosticerrorsmadebyphysiciansresultfromcognitivemistakes.”Doyouagreeordisagree?Why?,Criticalreadingandthinking,Unit9MedicalEducation,TextA,AdditionalActivity(suggestedanswers)Yes,Iagreewithit.,Criticalreadingandthinking,Unit9MedicalEducation,uncertaintyinherentinthepracticeofmedicine,uncertaintyinherentinthepracticeofmedicine,riskofoverlookingcluessuggestingincorrectworkingdiagnosis,TextA,Suggestedanswers,Task1Overview:Completethefollowingoutlineofthetextbyfillingtheblankswithsupportingdetails.,Criticalreadingandthinking,BackgroundforthefundamentalquestionImpressivechanges:Remainingmisconceptions:,Unit9MedicalEducation,thedesignandconductofthemedicalschoolcurriculuminthepastfewdecades.,Thepurposeofmedicaleducationismerelytoteachstudentsmedicalknowledgeandskills;Tobeaphysiciansimplymeanstopossessabodyofknowledgeandasetofskillsthatcanbeappliedinthepracticeofmedicine.,TextA,Suggestedanswers,Task1Overview:Completethefollowingoutlineofthetextbyfillingtheblankswithsupportingdetails.,Criticalreadingandthinking,Unit9MedicalEducation,II.MyanswertothequestionCaring:,FrancisPeabodysstatementthat“Thesecretofthecareofthepatientisincaringforthepatient”;themoderntimesmistakebymembersofthemedicalprofessiontoequatecaringwithtreatmenttheHastingsCentersdefinitionofthegoalsofmedicine:TheCareandCureofThosewithaMalady,andtheCareofThoseWhoCannotbeCured.,TextA,Suggestedanswers,Task1Overview:Completethefollowingoutlineofthetextbyfillingtheblankswithsupportingdetails.,Criticalreadingandthinking,Unit9MedicalEducation,II.MyanswertothequestionInquisitive:Civic-minded:,Medicallearningandpracticeareoftenbasedsolelyonwhatoneknows.Butthefactisthatthereisagreatdealaboutmedicinethatisnotknown,andthereisagreatdealthatindividualphysiciansdonotknowaboutwhatisknown.Beinginquisitiveisnotonlyessentialforphysicianstomeettheirprofessionalresponsibilitiesbutalsoimprovethequalityofthecareprovidedtoindividualpatients.,Itiscriticallyimportantthatindividualphysiciansbecomemorepersonallyinvolvedinmeetingmedicinesresponsibilitytosociety.,TextA,Suggestedanswers,Task1Overview:Completethefollowingoutlineofthetextbyfillingtheblankswithsupportingdetails.,Criticalreadingandthinking,Unit9MedicalEducation,IIIConclusion,Althoughaphysicianwhoisnotcaring,inquisitive,andcivicmindedmaybeahighlyskilledtechnicianinvolvedinthepracticeofmedicine,suchanindividualwillnottrulyreflecttheessenceofwhatitmeanstobeaphysician.Medicalschoolsshouldinstillthesequalitiesintostudentstomakethemtruephysicians.,TextA,Task1/MedicalterminologyMatcheachdefinitionwithitscorrespondingEnglishtermandChineseequivalent.,malady,疾病,专业,specialty,开处方,prescribe,diagnosis,诊断,Suggestedanswers,Languagebuilding-up,2,Unit9MedicalEducation,TextA,treatment,治疗,residency,（医生的）住院实习期,technician,技师,manifestation,表现,Task1/MedicalterminologyMatcheachdefinitionwithitscorrespondingEnglishtermandChineseequivalent.,Suggestedanswers,2,Languagebuilding-up,Unit9MedicalEducation,professionalism,专业精神,TextALanguageBuilding-up,SignpostLanguage,Reformulation,Unit9MedicalEducation,TextA,Task2/Signpostlanguage,Useexpressionsforreformulationtofillineachofthefollowingblanks.Thenscanthetextsyouhavelearnedandcompareyouranswerswiththeoriginaltext.,InposingthequestionIamnotseekingaformaldefinitionofthetermphysicianthatonemightfindinadictionary.Myintent,instead,istoseekagreementwithinthemedicaleducationcommunityontheattributes_,thepersonalqualitiesthataphysicianshouldpossessifheorsheistobecapableofmeetingthepublicsexpectationofadoctor.(TextA,Unit9)2Overtheyears,thisresponsibilityhascometobeviewedasanelementofprofessionalismthatissomehowembedded,atleastimplicitly,withinthecontextofthesocialcontractthatdefinesthemedicalprofessionsresponsibilitytothesocietyasawhole_manifestedlargelybyhowprofessionalorganizationsrelatetothepublic.(TextA,Unit9),Languagebuilding-up,Suggestedanswers,aresponsibility,thatis,Unit9MedicalEducation,TextA,Task2/Signpostlanguage,Useexpressionsforreformulationtofillineachofthefollowingblanks.Thenscanthetextsyouhavelearnedandcompareyouranswerswiththeoriginaltext.,3Iftheydonotcontinuetoprovidecareunderthosecircumstances_,bybeingcaringtheirpatientswillsensethattheyhavebeenabandonedbytheirdoctoratacriticaltime.(TextA,Unit9)WhatisthereaboutthispatientspresentationthatIdontunderstand?_,importantly,whatisthereaboutthispatientthatIshouldknowbeforeproceeding?(TextA,Unit9)Atthesemilestoneskeydataarereviewedandadecisiontakentocontinueifthetargetprofilecanstillbemet,ortostopifthisisnotthecase(go/nogodecision).Inpracticethethirdoption,_toadapttheplantothefindingisnotunpopular.(TextC,Unit3),Languagebuilding-up,Suggestedanswers,Or,thatis,Unit9MedicalEducation,i.e.,TextA,Task3/FormalEnglish,ThefollowingsentencesaretakenfromTextA.Replacetheunderlinedformalwordswithlessformalones.,1Somehavesuggestedthatpossessingabodyofknowledgeandasetofskillsthatcanbeappliedinthepracticeofmedicinedefineswhatitmeanstobeaphysician.(Para.3)Therearemanytextthatdescribeineloquenttermsthevaluethatpatientsplaceonbeingtrulycaredforbyaphysician.(Para.4),Languagebuilding-up,Suggestedanswers,Unit9MedicalEducation,Somehavesuggestedthattobeaphysician,onemustfirsthavethenecessaryknowledgeandallkindsofskillsthatcanbeusedtopracticemedicine.,Therearemanytextsthatdescribeskillfullythevaluethatpatientsplaceonbeingtrulycaredforbyaphysician.,TextA,Task3/FormalEnglish,ThefollowingsentencesaretakenfromTextA.Replacetheunderlinedformalwordswithlessformalones.,3Butinmoderntimes,membersofthemedicalprofessionhavetoooftenequatedcaringwithtreatment,andhavetendedattimestolimittheirroletoprovidingtreatmentleadingtoacure.(Para.4),Languagebuilding-up,Suggestedanswers,Unit9MedicalEducation,Butinmoderntimes,membersofthemedicalprofessionhavetoooftenregardedcaringastreatment/thoughtcaringandtreatmentwerethesame,andhavetendedattimestolimittheirroletoprovidingtreatmentleadingtoacure.,TextA,Task3/FormalEnglish,ThefollowingsentencesaretakenfromTextA.Replacetheunderlinedformalwordswithlessformalones.,Hepointsoutthatbecauseoftheuncertaintyinherentinthepracticeofmedicine,thereisatendencyforphysicianswhenencounteringapatienttolockintoosoononaparticulardiagnosisoraparticularapproachtotreatment.(Para.8)5Thisisaconfusingconcepttograsp,becauseinmoderntimesthecivicresponsibilityoftheindividualphysiciantobeobscure.(Para.9),Languagebuilding-up,Suggestedanswers,Unit9MedicalEducation,Hepointsoutthatbecausethepracticeofmedicinealwayshasuncertainty,thereisatendencyforphysicianswhenencounteringapatienttolockintoosoononaparticulardiagnosisoraparticularapproachtotreatment.,Thisisaconfusingconcepttograsp,becauseinmoderntimesthecivicresponsibilityoftheindividualphysiciantendstobehardtotell.,Grouppresentation,TextA,Additionalactivity,Unit9MedicalEducation,Throughvarioussources,findtheplaceofthemedicalschoolyouareattendinginsomenationalorinternationalranking(s).Trytoanswerthefollowingquestions:1.Istheplaceofyourmedicalschoolintherankingwhatyouhaveexpected?2.Whatarethecriteriafortheranking?3.Whatfallaciescanyouidentifyinthewayofranking?,medicalschool_(医学院课程)themedicaleducation_(医学教育界)tomeetthepublics_(达到公众的期待)personal_(个人品质)toplace_on(看重)clinical_(临床疾病)_errors(诊断错误)classic_(典型临床表现)the_ofphysicians(医生的民本意识),TextALanguageBuilding-up,VocabularyTest,curriculum,community,diagnostic,expectations,manifestations,civicmindedness,attributes,value,maladies,Unit9MedicalEducation,TextB,CriticalreadingandthinkingLanguagebuilding-upSuggestedanswers,Unit9MedicalEducation,TextB,Groupdiscussion:,Additionalactivity,Unit9MedicalEducation,Expressyourcommentsonsuchathoughtprocess:Goodschool,gooddoctor;badschool,baddoctor.,TextB,CriticalReadingandThinking,1.thestorywhichhappenedduringthewritersinternshipandherinterpretationofit,Wheredidyougotomedicalschool?Inasocialcontext,politechatter,afillerduringanawkwardquietmomentOnthatparticularafternoon,herwordsmorelikeadartlobbedatabuddingandpromisingpatient-doctorrelationshipTrustfromthispatient,notdependentonmybedsidemannerorclinicaljudgmentbutmymedicalschool,Writedowntheinformationonthefollowingtopics.Thencompareyouranswerswithyourpartner.,Unit9MedicalEducation,TextB,Usefulexpressions,politechatter,afillerduringanawkwardquietmoment(无话找话，补白),Criticalreadingandthinking,Unit9MedicalEducation,TextB,CriticalReadingandThinking,2.thewaysforthewritertofindoutthemedicalschoolsherdoctorsattended,SearchingontheInternet;Scanninghospitaldirectories;InconspicuouslycraningmynecktodiscernLatinizedschoolnamesondiplomas,Writedowntheinformationonthefollowingtopics.Thencompareyouranswerswithyourpartner.,Unit9MedicalEducation,TextB,Usefulexpressions,byvirtueofhavinggraduatedfroma“good”school,thatdoctorhadtheabilitytoaddressthemostpressingneedsofallofhisorherpatients,Criticalreadingandthinking,Unit9MedicalEducation,TextB,CriticalReadingandThinking,3.thecontributingfactorsintheAmericancultureofrankingmedicalschools,MagazinelistsFriendsandstrangersconfirmationsProfessionalhearsay,Writedowntheinformationonthefollowingtopics.Thencompareyouranswerswithyourpartner.,Unit9MedicalEducation,TextB,CriticalReadingandThinking,4.thereasonsbehindthecurrentcriteriaofrankingmedicalschools,Currentpopularrankingsreflectaschoolshighlyspecializedresearchfundingandcapabilities;Criterialikeresearchfundingandcuttingedgeinvestigationsaccuratelyreflectthesocialneedsofthepreviouscenturywhenmedicine,backedbyscientificinvestigation,wasjuststartingtomakeadifferenceinthehealthcareoutcomesofpatients.,Writedowntheinformationonthefollowingtopics.Thencompareyouranswerswithyourpartner.,Unit9MedicalEducation,TextB,CriticalReadingandThinking,5.theurgenthealthcareissuesnowadays,Background:successfulagingofthepopulationasawholelessurgent:toelucidatethemolecularbasisofhighbloodpressurecriticalpoints:moresocial,healthcareissuestheshortageofprimarycarephysiciansthelackofaccessiblehealthcareandprovidersincertainareasofthecountry;andtheyawningdisparitybetweenracialandeconomicbackgroundsofthosewhobecomedoctorsandthosewhoaretheirpatients,Writedowntheinformationonthefollowingtopics.Thencompareyouranswerswithyourpartner.,Unit9MedicalEducation,TextB,CriticalReadingandThinking,KnowledgeofSubjectMatterPutitinthecontextofChina,howdoyoucommentonit?Background:successfulagingofthepopulationasawholelessurgent:toelucidatethemolecularbasisofhighbloodpressurecriticalpoints:moresocial,healthcareissuestheshortageofprimarycarephysiciansthelackofaccessiblehealthcareandprovidersincertainareasofthecountry;andtheyawningdisparitybetweenracialandeconomicbackgroundsofthosewhobecomedoctorsandthosewhoaretheirpatients,Writedowntheinformationonthefollowingtopics.Thencompareyouranswerswithyourpartner.,5.theurgenthealthcareissuesnowadays,Unit9MedicalEducation,TextB,CriticalReadingandThinking,6.fallaciesinthethoughtprocessof“goodschool,gooddoctor”,Writedowntheinformationonthefollowingtopics.Thencompareyouranswerswithyourpartner.,Unit9MedicalEducation,FallingbackonoldrankingsDrifttowardsspecializationandhi-techresearch/highlyrarefiedandspecializedfocusThemorefederallyfundedgrants,thefewereffortstoaschoolssocialmissionEmphasisonresearchbyinstitutionsattheexpenseofotherurgentbutlesslucrativeendeavorsbecauseofgrantmoneyandsecurityitaffordsShiftofthemostenthusiasticeducatorawayfromstudentsandbacktothelaboratorybenchasaresultofthepressuretobringgrantmoneyintoaninstitution,TextB,CriticalReadingandThinking,6.fallaciesinthethoughtprocessof“goodschool,gooddoctor”,Writedowntheinformationonthefollowingtopics.Thencompareyouranswerswithyourpartner.,Unit9MedicalEducation,KnowledgeofSubjectMatter,Theabsoluteirreduciblemissionofmedicalschoolsistheeducationandgraduationofdoctorstocareforthecountryasawhole.Offeryourcomments.,TextB,CriticalReadingandThinking,6.fallaciesinthethoughtprocessof“goodschool,gooddoctor”,Writedowntheinformationonthefollowingtopics.Thencompareyouranswerswithyourpartner.,Unit9MedicalEducation,KnowledgeofSubjectMatter,Theopportunitytolearnfromandbementoredbyfacultymembersinvolvedwiththelatestresearchcanbestimulatingformedicalstudents.Doyouagreeordisagree?Why?thepressuretobringgrantmoneyintoaninstitutioncandraweventhemostenthusiasticeducatorawayfromstudentsandbacktothelaboratorybench.DowehavesuchprobleminChina?,TextB,Usefulexpressions,U.S.medicaleducationhasdriftedovertothishighlyrarifiedandspecializedfocusThefundingsystemhasencouragedthisdrifttowardspecializationandhi-techresearch.,Criticalreadingandthinking,Unit9MedicalEducation,TextB,CriticalReadingandThinking,7.the“millenniummedicalschools”,Writedowntheinformationonthefollowingtopics.Thencompareyouranswerswithyourpartner.,Unit9MedicalEducation,Embracemissionsthatunabashedlyattempttoaddresssomeoftheillsofthecurrenthealthcaresystem.TheA.T.StillUniversityofHealthSciencesSchoolofOsteopathicMedicineinMesa,ArizTheHerbertWertheimCollegeofMedicineatFloridaInternationalUniversityinMiami“embed”studentsinunderservedareasfromasearlyasthefirstyearofmedicalschoolTheHofstra-NorthShore-LIJSchoolofMedicinemadeitaprioritytoeducatestudentsfromdiverse,nontraditionalbackgrounds,TextB,CriticalReadingandThinking,7.the“millenniummedicalschools”,Writedowntheinformationonthefollowingtopics.Thencompareyouranswerswithyourpartner.,Unit9MedicalEducation,ArgumentsforandagainsttheredirectionofthefocusAgainst:decreasetheselectivityofstudentsandproducelesscompetitiveandlesscompetentfuturephysiciansFor:traditionalselectioncriteriabasedoncognitiveexamsandpremedicalcoursegradesdonotnecessarilytranslateintoclinicalability,TextB,CriticalReadingandThinking,7.the“millenniummedicalschools”,Writedowntheinformationonthefollowingtopics.Thencompareyouranswerswithyourpartner.,Unit9MedicalEducation,Dr.MullansInsightsintotheCriteriaforaGoodPhysician,NotgoodperformancefromkindergartentoresidencytrainingThemorerelevantmeasureofhighlevelcompetency:themultiplecertificationevaluationsthattakeplaceduringmedicalschool,trainingandlicensureProductionofmoredoctorsinthesystemthatweDONThavenowbutthatcanaddressongoingneedsofthepatients.,TextB,1.2.3.4.5.,Suggestedanswers,Criticalreadingandthinking,Task1Multiplechoicequestions,C,B,A,C,A,Unit9MedicalEducation,bedside_(医生对患者的态度临床举止)toscanhospital_(搜索医院名录)a(n)_part(不可分割的一部分)_communities(服务匮乏的社区)primarycare_(初级保健缺乏)_evaluations(证书评估)to_theneeds(应对需要),TextBLanguageBuilding-up,VocabularyTest,directories,certification,manner,underserved,shortage