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Unit2Sailingroundtheworld,byYuShuli,Thetitle“SailingRoundtheWorld”means“travellingroundtheearthbyship,”i.e.环球航行,Pre-reading,Comprehensionofthetext(answerthequestionsonpage31),Warm-upactivity,step1:dividetheclassintogroupsstep2:eachgrouphas5-minutediscussionabouthowChichestermadehisround-the-worldvoyageandtracehisroutebydrawingarrowsonmaps.step3:suammaryofhiscourse,ChichestersCourse,setofffrom_,sailingacross_,andturingaround_intotheIndianOcean.arrivedin_,withthefirsthalfofhisvoyagecompleted.afterarest,hesetsailagainfrom_onthesecondpassageofhisvoyagevia_.Hearrivedbackin_.Ittookhim_tocompletethe_voyagesingle-handedly.,BackgroundKnowledge,弗朗西斯.奇切斯特爵士奇切斯特于1901年生于英国，年轻时来到新西兰，从事了许多不同的工作。1929年回到英国，独自飞行到达澳大利亚。随后他试图环球飞行，但在日本发生事故，飞机损坏，计划破产。二战后他转向航海，1960年乘坐“吉普赛.莫斯二号”赢得了从普利茅斯到纽约的横渡大西洋比赛，历时40天。1966年8月27日他乘坐“吉普赛.莫斯四号”完成了环球航行，与1967年5月28日成功返回英国，受到英国女王的封爵。1972年，奇切斯特逝世。,BackgroundKnowledge,封爵：骑士是中世纪流传下来的封号，意即“战斗中最勇敢的人”。由于骑士战功卓著，从而跻身于贵族行列。现今的爵士是荣誉称号，是用来奖励那些在科技、文化、体育等方面为国家做出重大贡献的人。封爵仪式一般过程是，被册封的人单膝跪在国王或王后的面前，国王或王后用手中的剑依次接触他的左右肩和头，然后宣布册封他为爵士，从此他在正式场合使用的名字前面要加上“Sir”。,CapeHorn:thesouthernmostpointofSouthAmerica.AllthewaterbetweenSouthAmericaandtheAntarcticaOceanissqueezedthroughthisnarrow,shallowgap.Sometimes,thewavestheremaybeashighas50feet.,Languagepoints,single-handed:adj;advdonebyonepersonwithouthelpfromothers.-Thejobcantbedone_.-Sheaccomplishedthetaskbyher_efforts.,word-formation:“a.n.-ed”(new)adj./adv.e.g.good-mannered有礼貌的；warm-hearted热心的；absent-minded心不在焉的。另外，solo：a.=single-handed“单独的”；作此意是，使用不太普遍，多用于表“独奏”。如：asoloplaysolo还可以作n.,意为“独唱(曲)，独奏(曲)”;如：aviolinsolo小提琴独奏曲,transatlantic:a.crossingtheAtlanticOcean横渡大西洋的,trans-“横过，贯通，在另一方;”transcontinental(a.横贯大陆的)transnational(a.跨国的)transoceanic(a.横渡大洋的),determined:withonesmindfirmlymadeup-Heisdeterminedthathischildwillnotleadapoorlife.-Thegovernmentisdeterminedtofurtherthereform.,determine/determination,determinedisderivedfromthewordrootdetermine,thesuffixedcanbeaddedtosomeverbsornounstoformadjectives,withthemeaning“有”,“具有特征”;e.g.develop-eddeveloped(发达的)advance-edadvanced(先进的)consider-edconsidered(深思熟虑的),determinetodo“决心做某事”；e.g.HedeterminedtostudyharderatEnglishatthebeginningofthisterm.determinesb.todo“使某人决定做某事;”e.g.Aseriousillnessdeterminedhimtogiveupsmoking.(一场重病使他决定戒烟。),retire:giveuponesjobbecauseofoldage-Professorsusuallyretireat60inChina.-NextyearIwillretirefromtheschool.retirement:n,voyage:1:n-seajourney-TheletterwaswriteenonHemingwaysvoyagefromtheUStoParis.2:v-goonaseajourney-Theseamanhasalmostvoyagedaroundtheworld.,device:somethingmadeforaspecialpurpose-Awindvaneisadevicetotellfromwhichdirectionthewindblows.,cover:1.passoverortravelacertaindistance-Thetravellerscovered400milesadaybycar.-Theycoveredthreestatesintwodays.2.覆盖，包括，涉及。如说,“桌子上布满了灰尘。”Thetableiscoveredwithdust.,previously:before-Previouslythetwoweregoodfriends.-WeplannedpreviouslytovisittheMuseum,butwesimplydonothavethetime.,attempt:n:efforttodosth-Atruefriendwillmakeeveryattempttohelpyou.vt:trytodosth-Heattemptedtowinherlovebysendingherexpensivegifts.,attempt:=try试图，尝试；企图,attempt指想尽办法做某事，其所含的失败的可能性比较大；e.g.Heattemptedwalkinguntilfellover.(他试图走一走，结果摔倒了。)常用结构：attempttodosth./attemptdoingsth./attemptsth.试图(做)某事。而try(试着，努力)；普通用法，泛指花时间或劳神费力的尝试。,dissuadesbfromdoingsth:preventsbfromsoingsth-Theydissuadedhimfromleavingschool.persuadesbtodosthpersuadesbintodoingsthdislike;disappointed;disappear,dissuadevs.persuade,dissuade:vt.=prevent(sb.)fromdoingsth.byreasoning劝阻；其常用结构是:dissuadesb.fromdoing(劝某人不要做);e.g.Theoldalwaysdissuadetheyoungfromtakingrisks.(老年人总是劝青年人不要冒险。)其反义词(antonym)是：persuade,persuade:v.=causetodosth.byreasoning,beggingorarguing说服(强调结果)；常用结构：persuadesb.todosth./persuadesb.intodoingsth.e.g.Themotherpersuadedhersontoputonmoreclothes.(母亲说服儿子多穿些衣服。)Nothingwouldpersuadehimintoacceptingouropinion.,fortunately:luckily-_Icatchthetrain.,fortunate：adj.=lucky幸运的,befortunatein在方面幸运；e.g.Werefortunateinhavingagoodteacher.befortunateto(be)很幸运做e.g.Wewerefortunateenoughtocatchthelastbusyesterdayevening.,contact:v:/getintouchwith-Doyoucontactyouroldclassmatesoften?n:/stateoftouchingorcommunication-ManypeopleareafraidofcontactswithAIDSpatients.,nearby:notfaroff-Mysonstudiedatanearbyschool.(adj)-Thereisaschoolnearby.(adv),waken:vi/stopsleeping-Hewakenedatthefirstrayofdaylight.vt:-Thealarmbellwakenedhimoutofasoundsleep.,drag:pullalongwithdifficulty-Youhavetodragthebookwormintoexercisingoutdoors.,其惯用法：dragon:时间拖得很长；e.g.Themeetingdraggedonformorethanthreehours.(会议拖拖拉拉地开了三个多小时。)dragonesfeet:拖延时间(不愿做);e.g.Theboypromisedtohandinhishomeworktoday,butwasdragginghisfeetnow.,accomplish:finishsuccessfully-Womencanaccomplishanythingmencando.,conquer:defeat;overcome-Moreandmorepeoplehavecometorealizethatwemustnotconquernature,butweshouldmakegooduseofit,instead.,undoubtedly:certainly-Undoubtedlythisplayisagreatsuccss.,moreover:inaddition;futhermore-Idontlikegoingoutintheevening;moreoverthefilmisnotworthseeing.,mustnt:anobligationnottodosomethingneednt(donthaveto):thereisnoobligation-Youmustntmoveanyofthebooksonmydesk.-Youneednt/donthavetocomeifyoudontwantto.语法与练习的P130,so.that:tosuchadegreethat-Sheransofastthatwecouldntcatchupwithher.,very:usedforemphasis/same;identical-Everysaysheistheverymanforthejob.-Atthatverymomentthatbombwentoff.,carryout:completeorfulfillonespromise,plan-Shecarriedoutwellthetasksassignedher.-Itissaidthattheseattackswerecarriedoutbyterrorists.,setoff:beginajourney;start-Wesetoffatdawn.-tosetoffforholidays-tosetoffonatriptoHuangshan,giveup:stophavingordoing;abandonhopeforsth.-Youdbettergiveupsmoking/cigarettes.-Weshouldnotgiveuphalfway.-We_thesearchwhenitgotdark.,allbyoneself:completelyalone;withoutanyhelp-Wefinishedthistaskallbyourselves.,inspiteof:regardlessof-Thechildrenwenttoschoolinspiteofthestorm.-Shediditinspiteofoureffortstostopher.,byfar:byalargedegree-Thisisbyfarthebetterofthetwo.-Heisbyfarthebestboyintheclass.,Thesecondhalfofhisvoyagewasbyfarthemoredangerouspart,duringwhichhesailedroundthetreacherousCapeHorn.,句中duringwhichhesailedroundthetreacherousCapeHorn是一非限制性定语从句，此处用来说明后半段航程的艰辛的。本句翻译为：本次航程的后半段比前半段艰险的多，在此期间，他绕过了凶险莫测的合恩角。byfar=byalargedegreeoramount,它可修饰adj.或adv.的比较级，表示程度或数量上“优”“强”“多”等；当它修饰最高级时，表示“最最”.e.g.Thisroomisbyfarlargerthanthatone.(这个房间远比那间房大得多。)SheisbyfarthebestteacherIeverhad.(她是我所遇见过的最好的老师。),giveupvs.givein,giveup=stopdoing放弃,停止；是一transitiveverbphrase,e.g.Marywassobusythatshehadtogiveupherpianolessons.givein=toyield屈服,投降;isanintransitiveverbphrase,若其后有宾语，则需加介词to.e.g.Thesoldiersfoughtbravelyandnoonegavein.(战士们勇敢地战斗，没有一人投降。)Dontgiveintohisopinion.(不要屈从于他的观点。),Hisfriendsanddoctorsdidnotthinkhecoulddoit,ashehadlungcancer.(Line7-8),Thetranslationofthissentenceis:由于他得了癌症，他的朋友们和医生都认为他不能环球航行。注意句中否定的翻译，不能译为“不认为他能”();根据英语中的否定转移现象，翻译这类句子时应该否定宾语从句的谓语部分。除了think外，还有believe,expect等词引导的宾语从句的否定通常在自己身上，而翻译成汉语时应该将否定转移回从句上。e.g.Idontbelieveitistrue.(我认为它不是真的。)asstart动身，出发；开始(旅行,度假等).e.g.Afterwehadfinishedeatingheproposedtosetoffimmediately.(我们吃完之后，他建议立刻出发。)Theyhavesetoffonatriparoundtheworld.(他们已经开始环球旅行了。)oncemore=onceagain再一次Inspiteof=disregarding尽管，不顾。本句翻译为：奇切斯特在悉尼休息了几周后，不顾朋友的多方劝阻，再次开始了他的航海旅程。,AftersucceedinginsailingroundCapeHorn,ChichestersentthefollowingradiomessagetoLondon:“IfeelasifIhadwakenedfromanightmare.WildhorsescouldnotdragmedowntoCapeHornandthatsinisterSouthernOceanagain.”,succeedindoingsth.=dosth.successfully成功地做某事；e.g.Finally,hesucceededinpassingtheexamination.“Wildhorsescouldnotdrag”是一种隐喻(metaphor)，意思是“无论什么力量都不能使你做某事”。E.g.Wildhorsescouldnotdraghisattentionawayfromtheexperiment.(他专心于他的实验，无论什么事情都不会让他分心。)句子翻译为：成功绕过合恩角后，奇切斯特给伦敦发去如下电报：“我仿佛刚从恶梦中惊醒，今生今世我再也不想到合恩角和那凶险莫测的南大洋去了。”,turnover:reverseinpositionbybringingthebottomtothetoporciceverse-Thelampwasturnedover,andthatwaswhatstartedthefire.-Thecarturnedoverwhenthedriverwasmakingasharpturn.,Ex.14.TranslatethefollowingsentencesintoEnglish.,1.幸好附近有家医院，我们立刻把他送到了那里。Fortunately,therewasahospitalnearby.wesenthimthereimmediately.2.胜利登上乔治岛(GeorgeIsland)后，船长向指挥部(theheadquarters)发了一份无线电报。AftersucceedinginlandingonGeorgeIsland,thecaptainsentamessagetotheheadquartersbyradio.3.他决心继续他的实验，不过这次他将用另一种办法来做。Hewasdeterminedtocontinuehisexperimentbutthistimehewilldoitanotherway.Hehadmadeuphismindtogoonwithhisexperiment,butthistimehewasgoingtodoitanotherway.4.她读这部小说时，不禁想起了她在农村度过的那五年。Whilereadingthenovel,shecouldnthelprecallingthefiveyearsthatshehadspentinthecountryside.,Ex.14.TranslatethefollowingsentencesintoEnglish.,1.幸好附近有家医院，我们立刻把他送到了那里。Fortunately,therewasahospitalnearby.wesenthimthereimmediately.2.胜利登上乔治岛(GeorgeIsland)后，船长向指挥部(theheadquarters)发了一份无线电报。AftersucceedinginlandingonGeorgeIsland,thecaptainsentamessagetotheheadquartersbyradio.3.他决心继续他的实验，不过这次他将用另一种办法来做。Hewasdeterminedtocontinuehisexperimentbutthistimehewilldoitanotherway.Hehadmadeuphismindtogoonwithhisexperiment,butthistimehewasgoingtodoitanotherway.4.她读这部小说时，不禁想起了她在农村度过的那五年。Whilereadingthenovel,shecouldnthelprecallingthefiveyearsthatshehadspentinthecountryside.,Ex.14.TranslatethefollowingsentencesintoEnglish.,5.玛丽觉得单靠她自己的力量执行她的计划是困难的。Maryfeltitdifficulttocarryoutherplanallbyherself.6.我们认为他不能在一刻钟内走完那段距离，但他确成功地做到了这一点。Wedidntthinkhecouldcoverthedistancewithinaquarter,buthesucceededindoingso.7.甚至在他的医生告诉他患有肺癌之后，奇切斯特仍不肯放弃环球航行的宿愿。Chichesterrefusedtogiveuphisolddreamofsailingaroundtheworld,evenafterhisdoctortoldhimthathehadlungcancer.8.我正忙着在做一种新的捕鼠(rats)装置时，马克走来拖着我出去看花展了。WhileIwasbusymakingakindofnewratscatcher,Markcameanddraggedmeouttowatchaflowerexhibition.,theend,
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