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专题十被动语态,2019全新版,分析广东近6年中考真题可知,被动语态是必考点之一(共12.5分),主要在单项填空中考查三种时态的被动语态:一般现在时的被动语态(2015年)、一般过去时的被动语态(2018年,2017年,2016年,2013年)和一般将来时的被动语态(2014年);在短文填空中考查盲填(2018年,2014年)。,考点精讲,易错盘点,解题技巧,试题精练,1.概述英语中有两种语态:主动语态和被动语态。主动语态表示主语是动作的执行者,被动语态表示主语是动作的承受者。一般说来,只有及物动词才有被动语态。如:,考点精讲,考点被动语态的基础知识【该部分内容在中考题中虽然不会直接考查,但也需要了解】,Tombrokethewindow.汤姆打碎了窗户。(主动语态)Thewindowwasbroken.这扇窗户被打碎了。(被动语态)2.构成被动语态由“助动词be及物动词的过去分词”构成。被动语态的时态变化只改变be的形式,过去分词形式不变。疑问式和否定式的变化也是如此。,3.用法在被动语态中,主语是动作的承受者,主要用于以下几种情况:(1)不知道动作的执行者是谁。如:Thebuildingwasbuilttenyearsago.这座建筑物是十年前建造的。(2)没有必要指出动作的执行者是谁。如:Theseflowersarewateredeveryday.这些花每天都被浇水。(3)动作的发出者不是人。如:Manyhouseswerewashedawaybytheflood.许多房屋被洪水冲走了。,(4)需要强调或突出动作的承受者时,用“by动作执行者”。如:Chineseisspokenbymoreandmorepeopleintheworld.世界上越来越多的人在说汉语。(5)做客观说明时,常采用被动语态句型:Itis/wassaid/reportedthat.“据说/据报道”。如:Itsreportedthataboutthreehundredpeoplewerekilledinthisearthquake.据报道,在这次地震中差不多有三百人遇难。,4.主动形式表被动意义:(1)系动词如look,sound,smell,taste等用主动形式表被动含义。如:Thefishtastesverygood.鱼肉尝起来很好吃。(2)一些动词,如read,write,drive,sell,open,eat,drink等作不及物动词且常和一些修饰语连用,表示主语的某种属性特征,这些动词用主动形式。如:Thecomputersellswell.这种电脑卖得很好。Thesweaterwasheseasily.这件毛衣很容易洗。,(3)在某些固定搭配中,现在分词形式也可表被动意义。beworthdoing中,doing表示被动意义。如:Themovieisworthwatching.这部电影值得一看。need/requiredoingneed/requiretobedone,tobedone是不定式的被动结构。如:Yourcarneedswashing.Yourcarneedstobewashed.你的汽车该洗了。,拓展在主动语态中省略“to”的动词不定式,在被动语态中要加“to”。常见的有感官动词see,hear,watch,feel,notice等,以及使役动词let,make,have。如:Iheardthegirlsinginthenextroom.(变为被动语态)Thegirlwasheardtosinginthenextroom.,构成:主语am/is/aredone。如:Myroomiscleanedeveryday.我的房间每天都被打扫。(肯定句)Myroomisntcleanedeveryday.(否定句,在am/is/are后加not)Isyourroomcleanedeveryday?(一般疑问句,把am/is/are提到句首),考点一般现在时的被动语态(6年1考),()1.(2015广东)HaveyouheardofthesongLittleApple?Yes.It_everymorningwhenagedpeopledosquaredancingdownstairs.AisplayedBplaysCwasplayedDplayed,A,()2.(2018东莞市六校联考二模)Excuseme,sir.Smoking_inthegasstation.Oh,Imterriblysorry.AdoesntallowBisallowedCarentallowedDisntallowed()3.Inourdailylife,WiFi_everywhereanditisveryconvenientforustosurfontheInternet.AusedBusesCwillbeusedDisused,DD,构成:主语was/weredone。如:Johnwaspunishedbyhisparentsyesterday.约翰昨天被他的父母惩罚了。(肯定句)Johnwasntpunishedbyhisparentsyesterday.(否定句,在was/were后加not)WasJohnpunishedbyhisparentsyesterday?(一般疑问句,把was/were提到句首),考点一般过去时的被动语态(6年6考),()4.(2018广东)ManyshopsinChina_toshutdownasanewlawagainstivory(象牙)tradecameintoeffectonJanuary1st,2018.AorderedBdidntorderCwereorderedDwerentordered()5.(2017广东)Thewaitertoldmethatfreeparking_forthehotelguests.AprovidesBprovidedCwillbeprovidedDwasprovided,CD,()6.(2016广东)HeJiang_togiveaspeechatthegraduationceremonyatHarvardUniversitylastmonth.AinvitesBinvitedCisinvitedDwasinvited()7.(2013广东)It_lastweekthatthehaze(雾霾)inBeijingcausedmanyproblems.AreportsBreportedCisreportedDwasreported,DD,()8.(2018惠州市惠城区一模)Thecinema_afewyearsago.Butnowfewpeoplegotowatchmoviesthere.AbuildsBisbuiltCwasbuiltDbuilt()9.(2018中山市卓雅外国语学校二模)Aconcert_toraisemoneyforthedisabledlastmonth.AisheldBwasheldCwillholdDmayhold,CB,构成:主语willbedone;主语am/is/aregoingtobedone。如:(1)Thesetreeswillbeplantedtomorrow.这些树明天将被种植。Thesetreeswontbeplantedtomorrow.(否定句,在will后加not)Willthesetreesbeplantedtomorrow?(一般疑问句,把will提到句首),考点一般将来时的被动语态(6年1考),(2)Themeetingisgoingtobeheldnextweek.会议将于下周召开。Themeetingisntgoingtobeheldnextweek.(否定句,在am/is/are后加not)Isthemeetinggoingtobeheldnextweek?(一般疑问句,把am/is/are提到句首),()10.(2014广东)AlthoughFlightMH370hasbeenmissingformonths,Idobelieveit_somedayinthefuture.AwillfindBwontfindCwillbefoundDwontbefound()11.Theinternationalmeeting_inHainaninafewweekstime.AholdBisheldCwillholdDwillbeheld,CD,()12.Allfood_tostudentsforfreeinourdininghallontheSchoolCelebrationDay.Great!Icantwait.AofferBwillofferCareofferedDwillbeoffered,D,注意该结构表被动,相当于want/need/requiretobedone。()13.Thefloorisdirty.Itneeds_.AwashingBwashedCbewashedDbeingwashed,易错盘点,易错点want/need/requiredoing,A,注意make,see,watch,hear,feel等使役动词和感官动词。()14.Ifyouseethecomedy,youwill_laugh.AbemadeBbemadetoCmaketoDmake,易错点省略to的动词不定式,变为被动语态时要加to,B,做关于被动语态的相关题时,首先要确定主语是谓语动词的执行者还是承受者,这样才能判断出句子的语态。例(2018天津)DrBethune_still_inbothChinaandCanadatoday.Ais;rememberedBis;rememberingCwill;rememberDhas;remembered,解题技巧,技巧判断动作的执行者或承受者,A,方法点拨第步:先分析句意“如今在中国和加拿大,白求恩医生仍然”。第步:根据句意和选项可知主语DrBethune和谓语动词remember之间是动宾关系,故答案为A。,被动语态的使用离不开时态,做题时要根据句中的时间状语或语境来分析使用哪种时态。例(2018盐城)Alotofnewroads_inordertodevelopthevillagesinthenextfiveyears.AbuiltBwerebuiltCwillbuildDwillbebuilt,技巧时态判断法,D,方法点拨第步:先分析句意“为了村庄的发展,五年后很多新的道路”。第步:根据句意和选项可知主语newroads和谓语动词build之间是动宾关系,又由inthenextfiveyears可知用一般将来时,故答案为D。,谢谢观看,Exit,
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