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单元综合测评(五).阅读理解(共15小题；每小题2分，满分30分)A(2015重庆高考)The values of artistic works，according to cultural relativism(相对主义)，are simply reflections of local social and economic conditions.Such a view，however，fails to explain the ability of some works of art to excite the human mind across cultures and through centuries.History has witnessed the endless productions of Shakespearean plays in every major language of the world.It is never rare to find that Mozart packs Japanese concert halls，as Japanese painter Hiroshige does Paris galleries.Unique works of this kind are different from todays popular art，even if they began as works of popular art.They have set themselves apart in their timeless appeal and will probably be enjoyed for centuries into the future.In a 1757 essay，the philosopher David Hume argued that because“the general principles of taste are uniform(不变的)in human nature，”the value of some works of art might be essentially permanent.He observed that Homer was still admired after two thousand years.Works of this type，he believed，spoke to deep and unvarying features of human nature and could continue to exist over centuries.Now researchers are applying scientific methods to the study of the universality of art.For example，evolutionary psychology is being used by literary scholars to explain the longlasting themes and plot devices in fiction.The structures of musical pieces are now open to experimental analysis as never before.Research findings seem to indicate that the creation by a great artist is as permanent an achievement as the discovery by a great scientist.【语篇解读】本文是一篇议论文。艺术作品的价值何在？研究者们动用各种各样的手段，甚至利用了科学的方法进行研究，其结论是：艺术作品的真正价值在于其影响的深远性和普遍性，在于其永恒的魅力。1According to the passage，what do we know about cultural relativism?AIt introduces different cultural values.BIt explains the history of artistic works.CIt relates artistic values to local conditions.DIt excites the human mind throughout the world.【解析】细节理解题。题干中的cultural relativism是关键词，答案可以锁定在文章第一段的第一句.simply reflections of local social and economic conditions。文化相对主义认为，艺术作品的价值在于能够反映当地的社会和经济状况。换句话说，艺术作品的价值在于它们与当地的情况息息相关。【答案】C2In Paragraph 2，the artists are mentioned in order to show that Agreat works of art can go beyond national boundariesBhistory gives art works special appeal to set them apartCpopular arts are hardly distinguishable from great artsDgreat artists are skilled at combining various cultures【解析】推理判断题。第二段主要是通过举例说明的手法来说明第一段最后一句观点的真实性。第一段最后一句说，然而，这种观点不能解释一些艺术作品能够穿越文化和时间使人的思维兴奋起来。第二段所举的例子中提到莎士比亚、莫扎特，还提到日本的画家安藤广重，这些都与A项的go beyond national boundaries(超越国界)相匹配。【答案】A3According to Hume，some works of art can exist for centuries because Athey are results of scientific studyBthey establish some general principles of artCthey are created by the worlds greatest artistsDthey appeal to unchanging features of human nature【解析】细节理解题。根据题干中的Hume可将答案锁定在第三段。本段主要引用哲学家大卫休谟的话来说明艺术作品的价值所在。D项的unchanging features与本段最后一句中的unvarying features匹配，其中unchanging是unvarying的同义词。【答案】D4Which of the following can best serve as the title of the passage?AAre Artistic Values Universal?BAre Popular Arts Permanent?CIs Human Nature Uniform?DIs Cultural Relativism Scientific?【解析】标题概括题。文章的标题往往也是文章主旨大意的概括，或与主旨相关。本文第一段开篇点题，围绕艺术作品的价值进行讨论，由此可知应该选择A项。B项的popular arts，C项的human nature和D项的cultural relativism均与文章的the values of artistic works或artistic values不符，它们只是文章论述过程中所提到的一部分概念。【答案】AB(2016山西省四校高三年级四校联考)Canadian short story writer Alice Munro won the Nobel Prize for Literature. Eightytwoyearold Munro is only the 13th woman to win the 112yearold prize.Munro didnt publish her first collection of short stories until she was 37 years old，but her stories have always been wellreceived. Lots of her stories share similar themes and characters, but each story has its own twists and turns.Even though shes won Canadas most famous literary award, the Giller Prize, twice，winning the Nobel Prize for Literature is the cherry on top of Munros career.“It brings this incredible recognition，both of her and her career，and of the dedication to the short story，”said one person.Along with the wellrespected title comes 1.3 million dollars. Munro said everything was “so surprising and wonderful” and that she was “dazed by all the attention and affection that has been coming my way”Munro knew she was in the runningshe was named the secondmost likely person to win this years prize，after Haruki Murakami (村上春树) of Japanbut she never thought that she would win. Munros win also represents the long way Canadian writers have come.“When I began writing there was a very small community of Canadian writers and little attention was paid by the world. Now Canadian writers are read, admired and respected around the globe，”Munro said on Thursday.She is technically not the first Canadian to win the Nobel Prize for Literature, but many like to think that she is. In 1976 Saul Bellow，who was born in Quebec but moved to Chicago when he was still a child，won the prize. Even though he was born in Canada，he is mostly considered to be an American writer. “This is a win for us all. Canadians，by our very nature, are not very nationalistic，”said Geoffrey Taylor.“But things like this suddenly make you want to find a flag.”She wasnt sure whether she would keep writing if she won the prize, saying that it would be “nice to go out with a bang. But this may change my mind”. 【语篇解读】82岁的加拿大短篇小说家Alice Munro获得了诺贝尔文学奖，成为历史上第13位获此殊荣的女性作家。5What is the feature of Munros stories?AThey have their own complicated (复杂的) contents.BThey have similar story backgrounds.CThey have specific themes for children.DThey have the same characters in each book.【解析】细节理解题。根据第二段的最后一句“Lots of her stories share similar themes and characters, but each story has its own twists and turns”可知，她的很多故事都有相似的主题和人物，但每个故事都有自己的曲折，因此选择A项。【答案】A6For Munro, the Nobel Prize for Literature is an award for Aher love for Canadian cultureBher devotion to the short storyCher special form of writingDher career of editing short stories【解析】细节理解题。根据第三段最后一句的“It brings this incredible recognition, both of her and her career, and of the dedication to the short story”可知，Munro获得诺贝尔文学奖，是对她为短篇小说所做出的奉献的认可，因此选择B。【答案】B7What is implied in the sixth paragraph?ACanadian writers paid little attention to the prize.BCanadian writers are just a small community.CCanadian writers have long been ignored.DCanadians have a long way to win the prize.【解析】推理判断题。根据第六段Munro的话可知，当她开始写作的时候，加拿大作家只是一个小团体，很少被世界关注；尤其是根据第六段的第一句“Munros win also represents the long way Canadian writers have come”可推知，加拿大作家长期被忽视。【答案】C8What does the passage mainly tell us?AHow Alice Munro wins the Nobel Prize for Literature.BAn introduction to the Nobel Prize for Literature.CAlice Munro wins the Nobel Prize for Literature.DA worldfamous writer，Alice Munro.【解析】主旨大意题。本文主要讲述了Alice Munro获得了诺贝尔文学奖，因此选择C。【答案】CCBambi is a tasty book.Tasty not only for children but for those who are no longer so fortunate.For delicacy of perception(感觉细腻) and truth I hardly know any story of animals that can stand besides this life study of a forest deer.Felix Salten is a poet.He falls in love with nature deeply, and he loves animals.I do not, as a rule, like the method which places human words in the mouths of dumb(哑的) creatures, and it is the victory of this book that, behind the conversation, one feels the real feelings of the creatures who speak.Clear and inspiring, and in places very moving, it is a little masterpiece(杰作)I read it in galley proof(校样) on the way from Paris to Calais.As I finished each sheet I handed it to my wife, who read, and handed it to my nephews.For three hours the four of us read in this way in silent absorption(专注)Those who know what it is to read books in galley proof, and have experienced channel (隧道)crossings, will realize that few books will stand such a test.Bambi is one of them.【语篇解读】本文介绍Bambi这本描写鹿的书给作者及其家人带来的美的感受。从而对这本书进行赞扬。9Bambi is a book written about AchildrenBa forest deer CFelix SaltenDthose who are unfortunate【解析】细节理解题。根据文章第一段第三句“I hardly know any story of animals that can stand besides this life study of a forest deer.”可推知此题答案为B。【答案】B10The author of the book used the method which .Ahe didnt like as a rule Bmade animals talk like human beingsCothers did not like Dother stories of animals could stand beside【解析】细节理解题。根据文章第一段倒数第二句：我不喜欢动物说人话这种方法，但这本书，通过动物对话感觉到了动物的真实感情，可推知此题答案为B。【答案】B11The writer and the other three Awere fond of reading proofBwere absorbed in the bookCfelt that the animals could talkDthought the book was better than any other research of its kind【解析】细节理解题。根据文章第二段第三句For three hours the four of us read in this way in silent absorption可推知此题答案为B。【答案】BD(2016河南省郑州市高中毕业年级质量预测)What would you do if you were a fifth grader facing a huge homework load every night，and you found that there was a machine that would do all the work for you? Thats the situation presented to Sam，Kelsey，Judy and Brenton in Dan Gutmans entertaining new book for young readers, The Homework Machine.The four children，all fifth graders in Miss Rasmussens class at Grand Canyon School, are as different as any other 11yearold child could be, but they have one thing in commonall are somewhat separated from their classmates. Sam is a newcomer and has had his share of school trouble before；Kelsey quietly carries her pain at losing her father；Judys sense of justice always annoys others；Brenton is the smartest child in the school, and he is so smart that even his parents and teachers have trouble keeping up with him. When Brenton and his three classmates are put into the same study group by their teacher，the others discover that Brenton has made a timesaving gadget (小装置) to do homework for him. While the boy is perfectly able to do his homework himself, Sam，Kelsey and Judy can use the help.Having perfect grades is something new for these three, and as they meet every day to “do homework”， they find that theyre learning a lot about each other. Such a good thing cant last though, and when a secret man starts trying to get in touch with them, they begin to get nervous. Soon theres an even more frightening problemwhy cant the Homework Machine be turned off? Told in different voices as all the children make statements to the Grand Canyon Police, the story, develops in an interesting fashion. Gutman is a gifted writer who has written dozens of childrens books, each with a funny and impressing tale that should be equally liked by boys and girls.【语篇解读】这是一篇说明文，主要介绍了新书家庭作业机器的相关故事情节。12What is one common thing that all the four children have to deal with at school?AGetting along with their classmates.BDoing their homework by themselves.COvercoming difficulties on their own.DCatching up with others to get good grades.【解析】推理判断题。由文章第二段中的“all are somewhat separated from their classmates”可知，他们面临的共同问题是如何与同学相处。【答案】A13Which of the following words can best describe Brenton?AStrange and nervous.BQuiet and smart.CBrave and special.DClever and helpful.【解析】推理判断题。第二段说聪明的Brenton发明了一种做作业的省时小装置，学习小组的另外三个人也可以用这个小装置帮助自己做作业，因此选D，Brenton聪明并且愿意帮助别人。【答案】D14Why did the children get frightened?AThey lost touch with each other.BThey were questioned by a strange man.CThey had no idea how to stop the machine.DThey were tracked down by the police.【解析】细节理解题。由文章第三段中的“Soon theres an even more frightening problemwhy cant the Homework Machine be turned off？”可知，选C。【答案】C15This passage most probably comes from Aa students diaryBa book reviewCa school reportDa science story【解析】文章出处题。本文介绍的是一本书的相关内容，应该是书评(a book review)。【答案】B.阅读填句(共5小题；每小题2分，满分10分)(2015全国卷)Training for a marathon requires careful preparation and steady，gradual increases in the length of the runs. 16 ，buy the bestfitting，bestbuilt running shoes you can find.No one can say which brand will work best for you or feel best on your feet，so you have to rely on your experience and on the feel of each pair as you shop.When you have found shoes that seem right，walk in them for a few days to doublecheck the fit. 17 As always，you should stretch(伸展)at least ten minutes before each run to prevent injuries.During the first week，do not think about distance，but run five minutes longer each day. 18 ，it is wise to take a day off to rest.But during the next week，set a goal of at least a mile and a half per run. 19 After two weeks，start timing yourself. 20 Depending on the kind of race you plan to enter，you can set up a timetable for the remaining weeks before the race.AAfter six daysBFor a good marathon runnerCBefore you begin your trainingDWith each day，increase the distance by a half mileEIf they still feel good，you can begin running in themFTime spent for preparation raises the quality of trainingGNow you are ready to figure out a goal of improving distance and time【答案】1620CEADG.完形填空(共20小题；每小题1.5分，满分30分)When most children dress up as their favorite superhero, it is usually just to play games with their friends. But for fiveyearold Harley Rensh, it is in order to help him be 21 ， while he goes through chemotherapy (化疗)treatment for cancer.The family 22 Harley was ill shortly after he started school， 23 his mother took him to a clinic with a pain in his stomach. The boy was diagnosed (诊断 ) with cancer and 24 sent to the hospital to have a treatment. The news was a complete 25 to his family. Their world came crashing down and they were all 26 He has since had 80 days of continuous chemotherapy and has had a(n) 27 to remove his kidney tumor(肾肿瘤)When he was 28 at the hospital, he wore a special face mask, which he 29 like his favorite Ninja Turtle(忍者神龟), to help himself feel brave. Harley was amazing during his treatment, showing special 30 The hospital staff were amazed at how well he 31 and how he managed to keep so positive. His mother said, “My son has had such a lot to deal with. To our 32 ， not once did he complain about going for treatment. He 33 to make it and get on with it in his way. He has a big scar right 34 his belly (腹部). We couldnt be any 35 of our boy. He is our hero.” Now, he will 36 a further five months of treatment. Harley has now 37 one of Cancer Research UK s Little Star Awards, which are 38 to under18s, who have cancer or who have been treated for the 39 in the last five years. It aims to recognize the 40 faced by youngsters suffering from cancer.【语篇解读】五岁男孩戴着忍者神龟面具，誓做抗癌勇士。21A.happyBnormalCbraveDcalm【解析】根据第三段“he wore a special face mask, which he like his favorite Ninja Turtle(忍者神龟), to help him feel brave.”可知，五岁的男孩Harley Rensh根据忍者神龟创意为自己定制了一款医疗防护面具，它成为Harley同癌症做斗争的勇气来源。【答案】C22A.discoveredBsensedCguessedDpredicted【解析】根据下文“his mother took him to a clinic with a pain in his stomach”可知，因为胃疼，他妈妈带他去诊所检查的时候，才发现他患有癌症。【答案】A23A.ifBhowCwhereDwhen【解析】见上题解析。【答案】D24A.secretlyBimmediatelyCpatientlyDunwillingly【解析】根据上文“The boy was diagnosed(诊断)with cancer”可知，Harley Rensh被查出患有癌症后，家人立即把他送到医院治疗。【答案】B25A.worldBwonderCshockDhope【解析】根据下文“Their world came crashing down”可知，Harley的癌症对他的家人来说简直是犹如晴天霹雳般的打击。【答案】C26A.terrifiedBthrilledCshyDactive【解析】Harley Rensh被查出患有癌症，家人都被吓坏了。【答案】A27A.examinationBlessonCexperimentDoperation【解析】根据下文“to remove his kidney tumor(肾肿瘤)”可知，Harley开始了抗癌治疗，已经进行了持续80天的化疗，并且进行了一次把肾肿瘤摘除的手术。【答案】D28A.hiddenBtreatedCprotectedDkept【解析】Harley Rensh在医院治疗时，他戴着特殊的面具。【答案】B29A.preparedBneededCdecoratedDimagined【解析】根据下文“like his favorite Ninja Turtle(忍者神龟)”可知，他戴的面具装饰得像他最喜欢的忍者神龟。【答案】C30A.trustBcourageCfearDthought【解析】根据下文“how he managed to keep so positive”可知，在住院治疗期间Harley一直很勇敢和积极向上，表现出了非凡的勇气。【答案】B31A.refusedBavoidedCacceptedDbehaved【解析】医务人员对Harley的良好表现大为吃惊。【答案】D32A.delightBdisappointmentCannoyanceDknowledge【解析】根据下文“not once did he complain about going for treatment.”可知，让家人高兴的是Harley对于治疗从没抱怨过。【答案】A33A.decidesBwishesCmanagesDpromises【解析】根据下文“ and get on with it in his way”可知，Harley设法用他自己的方式同癌症做斗争。【答案】C34A.behindBaboveCinDacross【解析】根据上文可知，Harley进行了一次肾肿瘤摘除的手术，刀疤正好横穿他的腹部。【答案】D35A.lighterBprouderCstrongerDweaker【解析】根据下文“He is our hero”可知，Harley的母亲为他感到无比骄傲。【答案】B36A.avoidBreportCfaceDseek【解析】根据下文“a further five months of treatment”可知，接下来，Harley将面临5个月的进一步治疗。【答案】C37A.receivedBreturnedCorderedDfound【解析】根据下文“one of Cancer Research UKs Little Star Awards”可知，Harley获得了“Cancer Research UKs Little Star Awards”的奖项。【答案】A38A.closeBharmfulCusefulDopen【解析】该奖项是为患癌或者在过去的5年里因为癌症而接受治疗的18岁以下青少年儿童设立的。【答案】D39A.mistakeBdiseaseCbeautyDshot【解析】见上题解析。【答案】B40A.resultsBdecisionsCchallengesDopportunities【解析】该奖项设立的目的是为了表彰患有癌症青少年面临的挑战。【答案】C.语法填空(共10小题；每小题1.5分，满分15分) (2016青岛统一质量检测)Last Friday a storm swept through two villages in the New Territories，41. (destroy)fourteen homes.Seven others were so badly damaged 42. their owners had to leave them，and fifteen others had broken windows or roofs.One person was killed，several were 43. (serious) hurt and taken to hospital，and a number of other people received smaller hurt.Altogether over two hundred people were homeless after storm.A farmer，Mr.Tan，said that the storm began early 44. the morning and lasted for over an hour.“I 45. (eat)with my wife and children，”he said，“when we heard a loud noise.A few minutes later our house fell down on top of us.We tried our best 46. (climb)out but then I saw that one of my children was 47. (miss)I went back inside and found him，safe 48. very frightened.”Mrs.Woo Mei Fong said that her husband had just left for work when she 49. (feel) that her house was moving.She ran outside at once with her children.Soldiers helped to take people out of the flooded area and the welfare department brought 50. (they)food，clothes and shelter.【语篇解读】本文是一篇新闻报道。报道了一场暴风雨对当地造成的破坏。41destroying分析句子结构可知，destroy在句中是非谓语动词，作结果状语，与句子主语“a storm”是主动关系，应用现在分词。故填destroying。42that根据句意可知，本句是由“so.that.”引导的结果状语从句。故填that。43seriously空格处在句中修饰动词“hurt”，应用副词形式。故填seriously。44in此处意为“在早上”，in the morning为固定短语。故填in。45was eating根据上段可知，此处表示暴风雨发生时，Tan先生一家正在吃饭，应用过去进行时。故填was eating。46to climbtry ones best to do sth.是固定短语，意为“尽力做某事”。故填to climb。47missing根据句意可知，空格处在句中作表语，意为“找不到的，不见了的”。故填missing。48but“safe”和“frightened”都是形容词，但意思相反。故填连词but表示转折。49felt根据主句中的谓语动词“had just left”可知，空格处应用一般过去时的主动形式。故填felt。50thembring sb.sth.是固定用法，意为“给某人送来”。故此处用they的宾格them。. 短文改错 (共10小题；每小题1分，满分10分)(2016河南漯河第六高级中学高三一模)Beishan Garden is now open for business. It is located at the feet of Beishan Mountain, that is 20 kilometers away from the urban area. Covered an area of one million square meters, the garden contains a collection with more than 10，000 plants. Many is valuable species. It is not a beautiful place but also a plant kingdom. If you came, you will surely be impressed by the beautiful landscape but benefit from the good ecosystem. The ticket is 20 yuan for adults and half price for the children. It is opened all year round from 8：00 am. till 5：00 pm.【答案】Beishan Garden is now open for business. It is located at the of Beishan Mountain, is 20 kilometers away from the urban area. an area of one million square meters, the garden contains a collection more than 10，000 plants. Many valuable species. It is not a beautiful place but also a plant kingdom. If you , you will surely be impressed by the beautiful landscape benefit from the good ecosy
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