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专题 41 记叙类完形填空关键词：完形填空,记叙类,理解,语境,逻辑推理难度系数：推荐指数：【基础回顾】考点归纳： 记叙文体裁主要是记人、叙事、写景、状物一类的文章，具体地说，它是借助叙述、描写、抒情等手段记叙社会生活中的人、事、景、物的情态及其发展过程，用以表现作者的思想，抒发作者某种情感的文章形式。近几年的高考完形填空题中的记叙文主要以叙事、记人为主，如幽默故事、童话故事、历史故事、人物传记和新闻报道等。解答记叙文体的完形填空时，应着重把握以下几点：1、了解文章的结构形式。通常为了叙述方便，作者会按时间先后顺序或空间顺序等方式来安排情节和内容。其优点是条理清楚，层次分明。读者也较容易理解和接受。但是有时为了突出某个情节或为了增加阅读趣味，或为了其他目的，作者可能会采用插叙，甚至倒叙的写作手法。弄清了文章篇章信息的分布情况，有助于抓住文章的主线，理清文章的脉络。2、明确作者的写作目的。就事论事肯定不是记叙的目的，而通过叙述阐明一个道理，同是作者必须考虑的。只有心中有了目的，在情节选择和细节描写上才会作出合理的安排。明晰了写作目的，就能抓住文章的主题。3、知晓文章所记叙的几大要素。为了使读者清楚地了解一件事的起因、经过和结局，作者就有必要在记叙文中将事件、人物、时间、地点、原因(why)和结果等要素讲清楚。这六个要素是记叙文的基本组成部分，一般不能缺少。弄清了这六个要素，基本上就理解了整篇文章。基础必读：完形填空技巧之首句理解首句是了解文章全貌的窗口。一般来说，记叙文类的文章的首句会交代4个W(when，where，who，what)，说明文类的文章的首句会解释要说明的对象，议论文类的文章的首句会提出一个论点。首句往往是整篇文章的统领句，概括了整篇文章的中心和写作意图。而且每段的首句通常有承上启下的作用，是文章发展过程中的重要线索。细读首句可以判断文章体裁，预测文章大意和主旨。读懂首句可以帮助考生建立正确的思维导向，对理解全文起着至关重要的作用。所以在仔细阅读了首句后，应快速阅读全文，确定文章的体裁、主旨和结构。2014新课标全国I卷 (节选) As a general rule, all forms of activity lead to boredom when they are performed on a routine basis. As a matter of fact, we can see this _1_at work in people of all _2_. For example, on Christmas morning, children are excited about _3_with their new toys. But their _4_soon wear off and by January those_5_toys can be found put away in the basement. The world is full of_6_stamp albums and unfinished models, each standing as a monument to someones _7_interest. 1.A.principle B.habit C.way D.power2.A.parties B.races C.countries D.ages3.A.working B.living C.playing D.going4.A.confidence B.interest C.anxiety D.sorrow5.A.same B.extra C.funny D.expensive6.A.well-organized B.colorfully-printed C.newly-collected D.half-filled7.A.broad B.passing C.different D.main2.D。考查名词词义辨析及语境理解。后面详细描述了不同年龄的人的情况，因此可知本句话的意思是：其实，我们不同年龄的人，在工作时都会看出这一点。此处parties党、聚会；B.races竞赛；countries国家；ages年龄。故选D。3.C。考查动词词义辨析及语境理解。例如，在圣诞节的早晨，孩子们兴奋地玩他们的新玩具。此处working工作；living和一起生活；playing 玩；going去。短语 play with的意思是玩弄。故选C。4.B。考查形容词词义辨析及语境理解。根据语境可知，但是孩子们对这些玩具的兴趣很快就越来越少了。此处confidence自信；interest兴趣；anxiety焦虑；sorrow悲伤。故选B。5.A考查形容词词义辨析及语境理解。到一月份可以发现同样的那些玩具就被放在了地下室里。此处same相同的；extra额外的；funny好玩的；expensive贵的。the same同一个的，说明还没持续几天兴趣就没了。故选A。【技能方法】完形填空题要求考生具备的能力之一就是“正确的阅读理解能力”，同时，还要具备扎实的语法、词汇和文化知识的综合积淀，是一种全面考查考生语言运用能力的题型。做完形填空应该从以下几个方面入手：一、利用首句信息，扑捉文章大意。完形填空题的首句是全文的关键句，或者称为主导句，它是了解文章大意的一个窗口，对理解全文有着重要的启示作用因此，要充分利用段首句提供的信息，去挖掘文章的思路，寻找文章的脉络与线索，展开对文章发展的预测。二、利用逻辑推理，确定语段关系。逻辑推理是通过逻辑连词来实现的，逻辑连词是构成语篇的纽带，考生在解题时要充分利用这些逻辑连词，深刻体会句段之间的理解关系。常用的逻辑连词主要有：（1）词（包括连词、副词和少数介词），如and, but, or, because, though, however, yet, therefore, otherwise, despite等；（2）短语，如in other words, or rather, in addition, as a result, so that, on the contrary, instead of等；（3）分句和独立结构，如that is to say, what is more, all things considered等。三、利用词汇复现，寻找解题线索。语篇复现的信息包括原词复现、同义词和反义词复现、上义词和下义词复现、概括词复现和代词复现等。语篇中有词汇和结构同现的现象，如与语篇话题相关、意义相关的词汇同时出现，结构同现，同义同现，修饰同现，因果同现等。因此，利用上下文寻找解题信息，确定正确答案。四、利用上下文意，甄别词语差异。 高考完形填空选项的设置一般均属于同一词类，有的甚至在意义上也非常接近。为了顺利解答此类问题，考生在平时记忆单词时，要在例句中把握其用法并能在考试中结合语境，比较四个选项的细微差别，推敲什么是最佳答案。五、利用语法分析，破解句子结构。对语法、词法等基础知识的考查也是完形填空题的命题角度之一。对于这种题，要针对地对语法结构、句式特点、对短文中所设空格中需填的词在句子里作什么成份、哪类词适合、应采取什么形式等等进行必要的分析思考，从而迅速解决问题。比如，选用动词就要考虑各种时态、语态、语气、主谓搭配以及其如何与其他词类使用等一系列问题。六、利用文化常识，轻松选定答案。当对语言的把握不很准确时，可充分利用自己已掌握的文化背景和生活常识，巧妙地加以运用，先找出并理解文章主题和主线，并根据主题猜测细节，注意从重复出现的词语中寻找、体会文章表达的氛围。这样将会大大简化复杂的分析与判断过程，节省宝贵的时间，顺利地沿作者的思路轻松解题。【基础达标】 When Monty Roberts was a child, his daddy as a horse fitness instructor was moving from ranch(农场) to ranch, training horses. 1 , the boys education was frequently interrupted. One day, in school his 2 told him to create and write about what he wished to be when he grew up. He didnt 3 one minute and wrote a seven-page paper about his trying to be a manager of a horse ranch with a plan in 4 .Soon after, he 5 his paper back with an “F”. After class he came to the instructor and asked, “Why did I 6 an F?” The instructor responded, “These dreams are too 7 for a boy, who does not have any money, no information and who comes from a very 8 family. There is absolutely no 9 that youll achieve your great goals when you grow up.” Then the teacher told Monty to 10 the paper with an realistic attitude.The boy went home and asked his daddy what he should do. His dad 11 , “This decision is important for you, which means you have to 12 your own decision.”After several days and nights the boy 13 exactly the same paper to his teacher. No 14 were made. He said, “Keep your 15 and I am going to keep my dream.”Now Monty Roberts 16 a 4,000-square-foot house in the center of a 200-acre horse ranch and even now he has that school 17 framed(给加框) on the fireplace.Remember dont ever let someone tell you you cant do 18 . Not even your teachers. You got a 19 ;you got to protect it. People cant do something themselves so they want to tell you you cant do it . If you want something, go to 20 it.1.A. However B. ConsequentlyC. PossiblyD. Unluckily2.A. teacherB. motherC. father D. monitor3.A. makeB. loseC. hesitateD. talk4.A lengthB. widthC. colorD. depth5.A. receivedB. acceptedC. respondedD. demanded6. A. preserveB. reserveC. getD. require7.A. detailedB. specificC. strangeD. unrealistic8.A. wealthyB. poorC. specialD. complete9. A. possibilityB. need C. doubtD. evidence10.A. reciteB. retellC. rewriteD. review11.A. commentedB. decidedC. promisedD. answered12.A. makeB. obeyC. respectD. examine13.A. readB. broughtC. suggested D. approved14.A. improvementsB. studiesC. remarksD. plans15.A. rule B. regulationC. gradeD. style16.A. cleansB. witnessesC. ownsD. admires17.A. pictureB. photoC. contractD. paper18. A. nothing B. somethingC. everythingD. anything 19.A. dream B. friendC. propertyD. thought20.A. take B. purchaseC. obtainD. control2.A考查名词。A. teacher老师；B. mother母亲；C. father父亲；D. monitor班长。根据句中的in school和told him to create and write about what he wished to be when he grew up.可知是老师布置的作业，根据常识选A.3.C考查动词。A. make使，获得；B. lose失去；C. hesitate犹豫；D. talk谈论。此处指Monty Roberts毫不犹豫就写了一份七页的相当马场经理的计划，表示他态度坚决，故选C.4.D考查名词。A length长度；B. width宽度；C. color颜色；D. depth深度。此处指很有深度的计划，故选D.5.A考查动词。A. received收到；B. accepted接受；C. responded回答；D. demanded要求。他写的作业被发回来，是F等。此处指收到作业，故选A.6.C考查动词。A. preserve保存；B. reserve储备；C. get获得；D. require要求。Monty Roberts问老师为什么自己得的是F等，此处指作业得到的等级，故选C.7.D考查形容词。A. detailed详细的；B. specific特殊的；C. strange奇怪的；D. unrealistic不切实际的。老师认为经营马场的计划太不切实际，根据下句的who does not have any money, no information and who comes from a very 8 family.也可知老师的态度，故选D.8.B考查形容词。A. wealthy富有的；B. poor贫穷的；C. special特别的；D. complete完全的。根据上文介绍Monty Roberts的父亲是个驯马教练，为了生计不得不经常换工作地点，可知提到家庭条件不是太好，根据语境选B.9.A考查名词。A. possibility可能性；B. need需要；C. doubt怀疑；D. evidence证据。根据实际情况，老师认为他长大后没有可能实现这么伟大的目标，表示可能性，故选A.10.C考查动词。A. recite 背诵；B. retell复述；C. rewrite重写；D. review复习。老师认为他的作业不合格，让他用现实的态度重写作业，故选C.11.D考查动词。A. commented评论；B. decided决定；C. promised答应；D. answered回答。根据上句的asked his daddy，可知父亲回答他的问题，故选D.12.A考查动词。A. make使得；B. obey遵守；C. respect尊敬；D. examine检查。父亲让他自己做决定，make decision“做决定”是固定短语，故选A.13.B考查动词。A. read读；B. brought带来；C. suggested建议；D. approved认可。此处指几天后，男孩给老师带来了完全相同的作文，bring sth. to sb.“给某人带来某物”，故选B.14.A考查名词。A. improvements提高；B. studies研究；C. remarks评论；D. plans计划。因为男孩交的和上一篇一样的作文，所以说没有提高。故选A.15.C考查名词。A. rule 规则；B. regulation管理；C. grade等级，成绩；D. style风格。男孩对老师说：“你坚持你的等级，我坚持我的梦想”。指上文的an “F”，故选C.16.C考查动词。A. cleans打扫；B. witnesses目睹；C. owns拥有；D. admires钦佩。现在Monty Roberts拥有了4000平方英尺的房子和200英亩的马场，表示拥有，故选C.17.D考查名词。A. picture图画；B. photo照片；C. contract合同；D. paper论文。此处指他以前写的要经营马场的论文，指上文反复提到的seven-page paper，故选D.20.C考查动词。A. take拿；B. purchase购买；C. obtain获得；D. control控制。此处指如果你想要什么就努力去获得，去实现梦想。故选C.考点：考查人生哲理类短文阅读。 【能力提升】 阅读下面短文，从短文后各题所给的四个选项（A、B、C 和 D）中，选出可以填入空白处的最佳选项，并在答题卡上将该项涂黑。Lightning flashed, thunder boomed, and the rains poured down.Suddenly, a wail(尖叫) of a steam engine1the storm. It was moving closer and would crossHoney Creek Bridge. The old wooden frame（框架）of the bridge began to shake2the steam enginestarted across. When the train reached the halfway point, the bridge3. Finally, it collapsed, breakingcompletely apart.“The bridge collapsed!” Kate shouted to her sick mother. “Ive to4the station.A train full of5is due here.”6a lantern, Kate raced out into the storm. The7way to get there wasto8the Des Moines River Bridge.The bridge was little more than two steel rails stretched across narrow wooden strips,which were spacedso far apart that Kate could easily9between them. Getting down on her hands and10, Katebegan her dangerous crossing. A strong wind quickly11out the lantern, so Kate had to feel her way inthe darkness. Finally, she was12across the river!Kate hurried to the station and burst through the13. “Honey Creek Bridge is out!” she shoutedto the14. “Stop the passenger train!” Then, extremely15, she fell to the floor.Rushing out onto the tracks to give a16, the stationmaster was just in time to17thetrain.Years later, a new bridge named Kate Shelly Bridge was built across the river18people couldalways remember the19of the girl, Kate Shelly，who20her life and saved so many people.1. A. added to B. cut through C. headed for D. led to2.A. unlessB. so C. as soon asD. in order that3.A. roseB. connected C. bent D. moved4.A. warn B. accuse C. phoneD. leave5.A. food B. passengers C. animals D. coal6.A. Catching hold of B. Taking notice of C. Keeping up withD. Putting up with7.A. worstB. widestC. shortestD. toughest8.A. avoidB. rebuildC. repair D. cross9.A. runB. fallC. jump D. walk10.A. cheeksB. fingersC. wrists D. knees11.A. tookB. letC. picked D. blew12.A. regularlyB. easilyC. politely D. safely13.A. bridgeB. homeC. door D. train14.A. headmaster B. conductorC. stationmasterD. repairman15.A. tired B. surprisedC. embarrassedD. disappointed16.A. welcome B. signalC. responseD. lesson17.A. approachB. driveC. pullD. stop18.A. in caseB. as ifC. so thatD. even if19.A. patienceB. braveryC. guidanceD. confidence20.A. sacrificedB. spentC. riskedD. lived2. C考查上下文逻辑判断。根据文段上下文的关系，火车一驶上桥梁，桥就开始晃动起来，故选C。As soon as “一就.”, unless“除非”，so“因此”，in order that“为了.”,故选C。3. C考查细节理解。根据文段，火车过桥，桥开始摇晃，火车到桥的中点时桥梁因受重而“弯曲”，桥垮塌，几个连续的动作，遵循一定的逻辑联系， rose上升connected 连接bent弯曲moved移动，故选C。4. A考查词汇辨析。根据文段，Kate 看到桥梁垮塌，她的第一反应是要赶到车站“警告或告诉”车站工作人员。warn警告 accuse控告phone打电话 leave离开，故选A。5. B考查上下文信息对应。根据后面文段，是一辆载满“乘客”的火车即将通过这座桥，A.食物B.乘客C.动物D.煤。故选B。6. A考查语境理解与词汇辨析。Kate“抓过”一个灯笼就冲进了暴雨中。Catch hold of “抓住”，take notice of “注意到”，keep up with“追上，赶上”，put up with “忍受”，故选A。7. C考查细节理解。因为情况紧急，Kate 必须选择“最短或最近的”一条路，A.最坏的B.最宽的C.最短的D.最艰难的，故选C。8. D考查细节理解。根据下文的“bridge”，可知Kate 赶去报信需要通过一座桥（另外一座桥），A.避免B.重建C.修理D.穿过，故选D。9. B考查细节理解。由于暴雨，一个不小心就有可能“掉下去”，A.跑B.掉下C.跳D.走，故选B。10.D考查细节理解。Kate 是手脚并用爬过桥去的，A.脸颊B.手指C.手腕D.膝盖，on her hands and knees“手脚并用地”，故选D。11. D考查细节理解。根据上文的“a strong wind”，可知是大风“吹灭”了灯笼，A.拿走B.让C.挑选D.吹，故选D。12. D考查词义辨析。Kate“安全地”过了桥，才有了后续故事的开展，A.有规律地B.容易地C.礼貌地D.安全地，故选D。13. C考查细节理解。Kate 到了车站，冲着车站的门的方向大喊示警，A.桥B.家C.门D.火车，故选C。14. C考查细节理解。A.校长B.售票员C.站长D.修理工，此处为原词重现。故选C。15. A考查词汇辨析。经历了艰难跋涉和紧张担心，Kate 感觉极度“疲惫的”，A.疲劳的B.惊奇的C.尴尬的D.失望的，故选A。16. B考查细节理解与词汇辨析。出现了紧急情况，站长需要打出危险的“信号”，A.欢迎B.信号C.回复D.课，故选B。17. D考查细节理解和上下文逻辑。作上述事情的目的，是希望火车能够“停下来”，A.方法，途径B.开车C.拉D.停下，故选D。【终极闯关】【2016全国新课标I】完形填空（共 20 小题；每小题 1.5 分，满分 30 分） 阅读下面短文，从短文后各题所给的四个选项（A、B、C 和 D）中，选出可以填入空白处的最佳选项，并在答题卡上将该项涂黑。 A Heroic Driver Larry works with Transport Drivers. Inc. One morning in 2009. Larry was _1_along 165 north after delivering to one of his 2 . Suddenly, he saw a car with its bright lights on. 3 he got closer, he found 4 vehicle upside down on the road. One more look and he noticed 5 shooting out from under the 6 vehicle. Larry pulled over, set the brake and 7 the fire extinguisher (灭火器). Two good bursts from the extinguisher and the fire was put out.The man who had his bright lights on 8 and told Larry he had 9 an emergency call. They 10 heard a womans voice coming from the wrecked (毁坏的) vehicle. 11 the vehicle, they saw that a woman was trying to get out of the broken window. They told her to stay 12 until the emergency personnel arrived, 13 she thought the car was going to 14 . Larry told her that he had already put out the fire and she should not move 15 she injured her neck.Once fire and emergency people arrive, Larry and the other man 16 and let them go to work. Then, Larry asked the 17 if he was needed or 18 to go. They let him and the other man go.One thing is 19 Larry went above and beyond the call of duty by getting so close to the burning vehicle! His 20 most likely saved the womans life.1. A. walking B. touring Ctraveling Drushing2. A. passengers B. colleagues C. employers D. customers3. A. Since B. Although C. As D. If4. A. each B. another C. that D. his5. A. flames B. smoke C. water D. steam6. A. used B. disabled C. removed D. abandoned7. A. got hold of B. prepared C. took charge of D. controlled8. A. came down B. came through C. came in D. came over9. A. returned B. received C. made D. confirmed10. A. then B. again C. finally D. even11. A. Starting B. Parking C. Passing D. Approaching12. A. quiet B. still C. away D. calm13. A. for B. so C. and D. but14. A. explode B. slip away C. fall apart D. crash15. A. as if B. unless C. in case D. after16. A. stepped forward B. backed off C. moved on D. set out17. A. woman B. police C. man D. driver18. A. forbidden B. ready C. asked D. free19. A. for certain B. for consideration C. reported D. checked20. A. patience B. skills C. efforts D. promise3C根据语境判断当他走近的时候，他又发现了另一辆汽车。as意为“当时候”。故选C。4B根据前句“Suddenly, he saw a car with its bright lights on.”可知当时有一辆开着灯的汽车，由此判断他又发现另一辆损毁的汽车。故选B。5Aflame火苗；smoke烟；water水；steam蒸汽。根据第一段末句“the fire was put out.”可知当时汽车是着火了。故选A。6B根据第二段中的a womans voice coming from the wrecked(毁坏的) vehicle可知，汽车被毁坏了。used使用过的；disabled 报废的；removed被移除的；abandoned被遗弃的。故选B。7Aget hold of拿起；prepare准备；take charge of负责；control控制。根据后句可知他下车拿起灭火器灭火。故选A。8Dcome down下来；come through 经历；come in进来；come over 走过来。那个司机走了过来和Larry说话。故选D。9Creturn 归还；receive a call 接到电话；make a call 打电话；confirm确认。根据下文可知这个司机打了报警电话。 故选C。10Athen那时；again再次；finally终于；even甚至。根据语境判断，那时他们听到在车内有人发出声音。故选A。11Dstart开始；park停车；pass通过；approach走近。根据上文可知汽车着火了，情况很危险，由此推断Larry他们离汽车很远，故他们走近了才看到车内的那位女士。12Bquiet 安静的；still不动的；away远离的；calm沉着的。根据本段末句“she should not move”可知，Larry让这名女士不要动。故选 B。13D根据后句可以推断这位受困的女士想从汽车里出来，而Larry不让她动，怕她伤到脖子，这两句话之间是转折关系。故选D。14A根据后句内容判断这位女士害怕汽车会爆炸。explode爆炸；slip away溜走；fall apart 散架，崩溃；crash坠毁，摔碎。故选A 。15C根据上下文可知Larry害怕她的脖子会受伤，前后句之间是假设关系。in case以免。故选C。16Bstep forward走上前去；back off后退；move on继续；set out出发。根据后句内容可以推断他们为了不妨碍警察救人，都退到后面。故选B。17Bwoman妇女；police警察；man男人；driver司机。根据上文“Once fire and emergency people arrived”可知是救援的警察赶到了现场。Larry问警察是否需要他帮忙，他是否可以走了。故选B。
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