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八年级(下) Units 12,中考基础知识梳理 类别课标考点要求词汇攻关1.stomach(名词)胃痛；腹痛_stomachache_2foot(复数)_feet_3own(名词)_owner_4break(形容词)_broken_5train(名词)_training_6kind(名词)_kindness_7.climb(名词)_climber_8strong(反义词)_weak_9feel(名词)_feeling_(过去式)_felt_10tooth(复数)_teeth_(名词)牙痛_toothache_短语归纳1.感冒_have_a_cold_2胃痛_have_a_stomachache_3躺下_lie_down_4量体温_take_ones_temperature_5发烧_have_a_fever_6休息_take_breaks/take_a_break_7下车_get_off_8使惊讶的是；出乎的意料_to_ones_surprise_9立即；马上_right_away_10陷入，参与_get_into_11习惯于_be_used_to_12冒险_take_risks/take_a_risk_13用尽；耗尽_run_out(of)_14切除_cut_off_15离开；从出来_get_out_of_16掌管；管理_be_in_control_of_17.放弃_give_up_18打扫(或清除)干净_clean_up_19(使)变得更高兴；振奋起来_cheer_up_20分发；散发_give_out_21想出；提出_come_up_with_22推迟_put_off_23分发_hand_out_24打电话给(某人)；征召_call_up_25照顾；非常喜欢_care_for_26参加选拔；试用_try_out_27修理；装饰_fix_up_28赠送；捐赠_give_away_29(外貌或行为)像_take_after_30建立；设立_set_up_31影响；有作用_make_a_difference_32帮助走出困境_helpout_句型再现1.“你怎么啦？”“我背痛。”_Whats_the_matter_？I_have_a_sore_back_2我该怎么办？_What_should_I_do_？3“我应该放些药在上面吗？”“应该。/不应该。”_Should_I_put some medicine on it?Yes，_you_should_/No，_you_shouldnt_4昨天上午9：00，26路公交车正行驶在中华路上，这时司机看到一位老人躺在路边。At 9：00 am. yesterday，bus No.26_was_going_along_Zhonghua Road when the driver_saw_an old man_lying_on the side of the road.5有人头部受到撞击。Someone_got_hit_on the head.6.作为一名登山者，阿伦习惯于冒险。As a mountain climber，Aron _is_used_to_taking_ risks.7他们给我讲过去的生活经历，讲过去是什么样子的。They told me stories about the past and how things _used_to_be_8她在四岁时就能独自看书了。She could read _by_herself_at_the_age_of_four_9有了你的帮助，我才有可能拥有“Lucky”。You helped to_make_it_possible_ for me to have Lucky.10我喜爱动物，我对拥有一条狗这个想法感到兴奋。I love animals and I was _excited_about_the idea _of_having_a_dog_语法结构1.情态动词should的用法。2常用的动词词组的用法。话题1.Health and first aid(健康与急救)2Volunteering and charity(志愿服务与慈善) ,河北五年中考真题演练词汇类( B )1.(2014河北36题)Steven，we should_the bus at the next stop. Aget up Bget offCget to Dget in反身代词( D )2.(2012河北27题)Dont worry about me.Im old enough to think for _Ahimself BherselfCyourself Dmyself非谓语动词( A )3.(2016河北39题)We need do some research to _ the answer.Afind out Blook outChand out Dtake out( D )4.(2014河北33题)Dont forget _ thanks when other people help you.Aaccept Bto acceptCsay Dto say( A )5.(2012河北37题)_ a book in the library，enter a key word into the computer.ATo find BFindCTo write DWrite( B )6.(2011河北32题)Whenever you have a chance _ English，you should take it.Aspeak Bto speakCspoke Dspeaks情态动词( C )7.(2011河北36题)You _ eat the soup if you dont like it.Ashouldnt BmustntCneednt Dcant句型类8(2012河北86题)better，are，feeling，you_Are_you_feeling_better_？,河北中考重难点突破 give up的用法【满分点拨】give up放弃(1)give up是动副短语，后接代词作宾语时，必须放在两词中间。(2)give up后接动词时需用动词的ing形式，相当于stop doing sth.。【归纳拓展】give的相关短语【考点抢测】( C )1.(2015黄冈中考)He failed to break the world record for long jump many times，but he never_his hope.Atook off Bput awayCgave up Dturned down( D )2.(2015邯郸涉县一模)Dont _，children，keep working hard and you will win the match.Thank you，Mr.Wang.Well try our best.Aput up Bcall upCset up Dgive up cheer up的用法【满分点拨】cheer up(使)变得更高兴；振奋起来(1)cheer up也可以单独使用，表示“变得高兴；振奋起来”。(2)cheer sb. up意为“使某人高兴起来”，相当于make sb. happy。如果宾语是名词或词组，可放在cheer up的中间或后面，若是代词作宾语，则只能放在cheer up的中间。【归纳拓展】本单元中up短语【考点抢测】( C )3.(2015沧州14中模拟)We failed in the singing competition._Better times are waiting for you.ANo way BBest wishesCCheer up DGood job trouble n问题；苦恼【满分点拨】trouble的用法【归纳拓展】trouble作动词，意为“打扰；使烦恼”，常用搭配为：trouble sb. to do sth.麻烦某人做某事be sorry to trouble sb.很抱歉打扰某人【一言辨异】Dont trouble trouble till trouble troubles you.麻烦没找你，你别找麻烦。【考点抢测】4不要嘲笑处于困境中的人。Dont laugh at the people _in_ _trouble_5We have some trouble _working_(work) out the problem.( B )6.(2015泉州中考)Jack，I have _ working out the math problem.Dont worry.Let me help you.Afun Btrouble Cexperience lonely的用法【原句】Yeah，a lot of old people are lonely.是的，许多老年人都是寂寞的。【满分点拨】lonely作形容词，意为“孤独的；寂寞的”，也可以意为“偏僻的；荒凉的”。I felt lonely when my best friend moved away.自从我最好的朋友搬走以后，我感到很寂寞。He was taken to a lonely island.他被带到一个荒岛上。辨析lonely与alone这两个词都有“单独；独自”之意，但用法不同。 lonely作形容词，意为“孤独的；寂寞的”，具有感情色彩，在句中作表语或前置定语，用于地点时，意为“荒凉的；偏僻的”。Sometimes he feels quite lonely because he has no friends.有时候他感到非常孤独，因为他没有朋友。The old man lived alone，but he never felt lonely.那位老人独自一人生活，但他从不感到孤独。alone作形容词，意为“独自的”“单独的”，在句中作表语或后置定语，强调别无他人，处境完全孤立。作副词，意为“单独地”“孤单地”，用于陈述客观事实，强调独自一人，没有别的同伴。For years the old man lived alone.几年来，那位老人孤身一人生活。Dont leave the baby alone at home.别把婴儿单独留在家。【一言辨异】I was travelling alone in the lonely mountain.I didnt feel lonely though I was alone.我独自在荒凉的山里旅行。虽孤身一人，但我并不感到寂寞。【考点抢测】( B )7.(2015聊城中考)The old man often feels _ because his children live far away.Acrazy BlonelyChungry Dsleepy( B )8.(2015娄底中考)His grandparents live _ in a small house，but they dont feel _Alonely；alone Balone；lonelyClonely；lonely Dalone；alone 辨析raise与rise【满分点拨】两个词都有“举起；提高；升起”之意，但其用法不尽相同。rise不及物动词上升；上涨；提高不规则动词，过去式rose，过去分词为risen。raise及物动词使升高；提高；饲养规则动词，过去式和过去分词均为raised。【图解助记】【考点抢测】9(2015厦门中考)Many stars _raise_(筹集)money for homeless children nowadays.They are so kind.10If you _raise_ any pets，please _raise_ your hands.11The water _rose_ another meter and people became worried.( D )12.(2016路北区二模)How are you going to help the children from poor families?We are going to _ some money for them to build a new school.Awaste BcountCthrow Draise 辨析repair，mend与fix【满分点拨】 不同例句repairrepair常指损失重大或构造较复杂的事物，如房屋、汽车、桥梁的修理。也可指修鞋。Mary repaired the radio just for the fun of it.玛丽修理收音机只是为了消遣。I am going to have my bike repaired tomorrow.我打算明天找人把自行车修理一下。mendmend着重指修补小至日常用具，大到较复杂的物体。很多时候可与repair互换。Can you mend a broken dish？你能修理破碟子吗？She is mending her shoes.她正在修理她的鞋子。fixfix则侧重于“安装”，有时也用作“修理”。The workers are fixing the machine.工人们在安装机器。Have you had your watch fixed？你已找人修你的表了吗？ 【考点抢测】repair mend fix13I am going to have my bike _repaired_ tomorrow.14She is _mending/repairing_ her shoes.15The workers are _fixing_ the machine. run out短语的用法【满分点拨】(1)run out意为“用尽”，相当于be used up，其主语通常为时间、食物、金钱等名词；run out是不及物动词短语，其后不能带宾语，无被动形式。(2)run out of sth.(use up sth.)意为“用尽某物”，主语一般是人。【考点抢测】( D )16.(2015黄冈中考)He told the interviewer that he had run_out_of money to buy old bikes.Aput away Bturned offCtaken out Dused up 辨析difficult、difficultly与difficulty【满分点拨】 difficult形容词“困难的”，作定语、表语或宾语补足语。difficultly副词“困难地”，作状语。difficulty名词“困难；难题”have difficulty(in)doing sth.做某事有困难。【考点抢测】( D )17.(2015邵阳中考)Do you have any difficulty in _ English?Yes，but I try to make myself _Ato speak；understoodBspeaking；understandCto speak；to understandDspeaking；understood( D )18.(2016石家庄18县市联考一)Physics seems to be _ for me of all the subjects.AdifficultBtoo difficultCmore difficultDthe most difficult Whats the matter？怎么了？I have a stomachache.我胃痛。【满分点拨】(1)Whats the matter？意为“怎么了？”常用来询问身体有什么不适或有什么不顺心的事，也可以用来询问某物出了什么故障，后面可接with sb./sth.，表示“某人或某物怎么了？”。(2)由ache构成的复合名词(3)“havea名词”型短语【归纳拓展】【考点抢测】( C )19.(2015上海中考)You look sad，Betty.Whats the matter with you?_AIve got the first prizeBIm sorry to hear thatCI cant attend the summer campDI dont quite agree with you( C )20.(2015保定新区二模)The girl has _ high fever.She needs to stay in bed.Aan Bthe Ca D/ Should I take my temperature？我应该量一下体温吗？【满分点拨】(1)should作情态动词，有实际的词义，但它不可单独作谓语，须与动词原形连用，没有人称和数的变化。如：You should work harder.你应该更努力地工作。(2)常用句型：You should/shouldnt do sth.“你(不)应该做某事”。【温馨提示】should表示预测和可能性，意为“应该；可能”。如：We should arrive by supper time.我们在晚饭时间应该能到了。She should be here at any moment.她随时都可能来。【考点抢测】( D )21.(2015石家庄41中模拟)After you read the article Why fast food is slowly killing you，you _ stop eating fast food.Acan BmayChave to Dshould Thanks_to Mr.Wang and the passengers，the doctors saved the man in time.多亏了王先生和这些乘客，医生才及时挽救了这个人。【满分点拨】thanks to“由于；幸亏”，介词短语，后接名词、代词，强调感谢的对象。如：Thanks to your help，we can finish the work on time.多亏了你的帮忙，我们才准时完成工作。【归纳拓展】thanks for“因而感谢”，客套用语，thanks相当于thank you。for为介词，后接名词或动词ing，强调为何而感谢。如：Thanks for inviting me to your party.谢谢你邀请我参加你的聚会。【考点抢测】( C )22.(2015资阳中考改编)Thanks _ Mr.Hu，we have learnt many English songs.Afor Bat Cto Dof( A )23.(2015菏泽中考)_ the No.48 bus driver，all the passengers were saved.The driver managed to stop the bus before he died.AThanks to BAccording toCAs for DThanks for come up with的用法【原句】We need to come up with a plan for the City Park Cleanup Day.我们需要为城市公园清洁日想出一个计划。【满分点拨】(1)come up with可以表示“想出或提出(答案、方法等)”，相当于think of。如：She can come up with good ideas.她能想出好主意。How could you come up with this idea？你何以想出这个主意？(2)come up with意为“赶上”，相当于catch up with。如：We shall have to work hard to come up with them.我们要努力工作，赶上他们。【注意】come up with不能用于被动语态。如：He comes up with an answer.他找到了一个答案。但不可以说：An answer was come up with him.【考点抢测】( D )24.(2016河北三模)After discussing，the students _ something good to work on the project.Aset out Bset offCkept up with Dcame up with( A )25.(2015凉山中考)Its too noisy outside.I cant fall asleep.Neither can IWe have to _ new ways to solve the problem.Acome up with Bend up withCmake up with Dcatch up with put off的用法【原句】We cant put off making a plan.我们不能推迟制定计划。【满分点拨】(1)put off为“动词副词”短语，意为“推迟；延期”。后接名词或代词作宾语。若接代词作宾语，则用宾格代词且放在中间。如：The meeting has been put off till next week.会议已推迟到下星期了。(2)put off doing sth.意为“推迟做某事”。如：You should not put off going to see the doctor.你不应该拖延去看医生。(3)put off还可表示“关上”，指切断电源，相当于take off。如：We forgot to put off the radio before we went out.我们出去之前忘记关收音机了。【考点抢测】( C )26.(2016张家口二模)They have to _ the concert because the main singer is ill.Atake off Bfall offCput off Dturn off( A )27.(2015邯郸二模)Boys and girls，its raining today.We have to _ the sports meeting.Aput off Bput awayCput out Dput on( B )28.(2016邯郸涉县一模)Its a good habit for our students that we should never _ todays work till tomorrow.Aput away Bput offCput up Dput down give away的用法【原句】I give away my bike to a childrens home.我把我的自行车送给了一家儿童收容所。【满分点拨】(1)give away意为“赠送；分发”，常指将不需要的东西送给别人。如：You really should give away these old baby clothes.你真该把这些婴儿服送人了。The watch is only a pound，were almost giving it away.这块手表才一英镑，我们差不多等于白送。(2)give away还可指有意或无意地“泄露(某事)”或“出卖(某人)”。如：Ill tell you my plan if you promise not to give it away.如果你答应不泄露出去，我就将我的计划告诉你。Dont look at him that way.You may give yourself away.别那么看着他，你会暴露自己的。【归纳拓展】(1)give up意为“放弃；停止”。如：My father gave up smoking.我爸爸戒烟了。Physics is so hard，I want to give it up.物理太难，我想放弃。(2)give out意为“分发；发出(气味、光、热等)”。如：Ask someone to give out the leaflets.叫人把传单发出去。The sun gives out light and heat.太阳发光发热。(3)give back意为“归还”。如：Please give back my ruler.请把我的尺子还给我。Did you give back the knife to him？你把刀还给他了吗？(4)give in意为“屈服；让步；交上”。如：He will never give in.他决不让步。Give your exam papers in.把考卷交上来。【考点抢测】( B )29.(2016海港区升学一模)Whats wrong with you，Mrs.White?I _ one of my important emails by mistake.Acut out Bgave outCgot off Dput out( D )30.(2016张家口模拟一)Ning Zetao never_ swimming and won mens 100meter gold medal.Astayed up Bset upCfixed up Dgave up( B )31.(2015河北模拟一)Uncle Li help _ clean water and food to the poor people.Aput out Bgive outCwork out Dpick up( B )32.(2015保定调研卷)Our class plans to _ old books to the students in West China.Agive up Bgive awayCput up Dput away set up的用法【原句】Im sure you know that this group was set up to help我确定你知道这个团体是为了帮助而建立的。【满分点拨】(1)set up意为“创建；设立；开办(学校、商店)”等。如：The students set up a selflearning group to help each other.学生们成立了自学小组来互相帮助。Were planning to set up a new company.我们正在筹划组建一个新公司。(2)set up有时可以指“使恢复健康；(经过锻炼)强健身体；疗养好”的意思。如：Her holiday in the country has set her up again.在乡间度假已使她恢复了健康。【考点抢测】( C )33.(路南区九年级二模)What should we do for the disabled children in the Childrens Home?Youre supposed to _ a study group to help them.Atake up Bfix upCset up Dstay up( D )34.(2015宜昌中考)The organization Wild Aid is _ to protect wild animals.It has done a lot so far.Acheered up Bpicked upCtaken up Dset up,常考话题写作指导健康与急救写作导图从全国近五年健康与急救相关话题书面表达的命题来看，此类作文命题通常有以下两个角度的内容：1保持健康已经成为人们关注的热点话题之一，健康包括哪些方面、中学生面临的健康问题、保持健康的重要性。2如何保持健康成为命题点。结合河北考情，可以预测第二种考查角度几率更大。how tokeep healthydietdont eat too much rich food，like meat eat fruit and vegetablesdrink milkno junk foodexerciserunplay basketballdo yogasleepgo to bed early and get up earlydont stay up 亮点句型速成常用句型：A nurse gave me an injection.It was a little painful.推荐句型：A nurse gave me an injection which was a little painful.常用句型：You mustnt smoke.Its bad for your health.推荐句型：You mustnt smoke because its bad for your health.(一)开头句1It is very important to keep healthy.(二)中间句2We cant go to sleep too late.We cant get up too late.3We should eat the food healthily.4We should do more exercise.5I didnt feel like eating anything.6I decided to see the doctor.7In the doctors office，the doctor looks me over carefully.8He told me to take a rest and drink more water.9The doctor asked me to take the medicine three times a day.10A few days later，I felt better.From then on I believe that keeping healthy is the most important thing in the world.(三)结尾句11A lot of vegetables help you to keep in good health.12Please drink enough water every day.13We should do more exercise to stay healthy.14Dont get stressed out.Its not healthy.15You should go to bed early and get up early.16Its easy to have a healthy lifestyle，and its important to eat a balanced diet.写作模板Nowadays，more and more people know the importance of keeping healthy.For me，there are 几种方法 to keep healthy.Firstly，it is necessary to 观点一Secondly，we shouldnt 观点二Thirdly，it is important to观点三If people follow these three ways of keeping fit，they will find健康会有怎样的改善。典例剖析根据以下提示，请以“How to Keep Healthy”为题写一篇短文，从良好的生活习惯，适当的体育锻炼以及健康的饮食习惯等方面，为那些生活习惯欠佳、缺乏锻炼的朋友提出良好的建议。(要求意思连贯、表达准确，词数80词左右)参考词汇：熬夜(stay up)；垃圾食品(junk food)；挑剔(be particular about)；定时定量(have meals regularly)【审题指导】细读所给的文字提示，可以提取以下信息：1就“保持健康”提出建议，全文用说明文；2所写建议尽量全面，涉及内容尽量多角度，深层次；3要求意思连贯、表达准确，词数为80词左右。【范文点评】 How To Keep HealthyNowadays，more_and_more_people_know_the_importance_of_keeping_healthy.For_me，there_are_three_main_ways_to_keep_healthy.Firstly，it_is_necessary_to_keep_a_balanced_diet.We_arent_supposed_to_eat_too_much_junk_food.It_is_better_for_us_to_have_more_fruit_and_vegetables_every_day.Whats_more，we_are_supposed_to_have_meals_regularly.Secondly，we shouldnt stay up too late.Getting_enough_sleep_is_also_necessary.Thirdly，it_is_important_to_take_regular_exercises，such_as_swimming，jogging_and_so_on.If people follow these three ways of keeping fit，theyll greatly improve their health.I_hope_everyone_can_keep_in_good_health.开篇用了more and more people，there are three main ways to keep healthy，既体现问题的严重性，又交代了文章的主题。运用句型it is形容词to do sth.增加了文章的亮点。用arent supposed to写出人们的不良习惯，又运用it is better for us to，whats more彰显小作者语言词汇的丰富，增加文章的给分点。Getting enough sleep是动名词作主语，it is important to是it做形式主语，动词不定式做真正的主语，再次让文章升华。作者最后希望每个人能够保持健康。 ,河北中考考点精练.单项选择。( B )1.Many old people often feel _ because their children dont live with them.Acrazy BlonelyChungry Dsleepy( B )2.(2016山西中考)Many people play with mobile phones all day instead of reading books.Thats too bad.Everyone _ be a book lover.Reading is more enjoyable.Amay BshouldCwould Dmay( C )3.(2016滨州中考)We cant _ making a plan.Cleanup Day is only two weeks from now.Yes，I think so.Aput on Bput upCput off Dput out( A )4.(2016厦门中考改编)Ive made much progress in grammar.The ideas you _ worked out fine.Glad I could help.Acame up with Bran out ofClooked up to Dkept up with( A )5.(2016荆门中考)Mom，I have nothing to do in my free time but do homework.My dear，you should_ a hobby like drawing or taking photos.Atake up Bmake upCset up Dput up( C )6.(2016自贡中考)When you feel helpless and _，just remember you are not _ in the world because your friends are around you. Aalone；alone Balone；lonelyClonely；alone Dlonely；lonely( A )7.(2015廊坊中考模拟)What do you think of the dog?It brings much _ to my life.I like it very much.Ajoy BtrainingCpollution Dinformation( D )8.(2016青岛中考)Nancy took her temperature and found she had a _Acough BtoothacheCcold Dfever( C )9.(2016广东中考)Martin and Susan _ for Shanghai to attend an international meeting yesterday.Aput off Bfell offCset off Dkept off( A )10.(2017原创预测)Why cant you sleep well?Because there is something wrong_ my head.Awith BforCof Dat.(2015辽阳中考)完形填空。Spring，summer，autumn and winter make a year.We clearly know_1_ season is important.If I _2_ which season is the most beautiful，Id like to say all of them are beautiful.Spring shows a wonderful picture with the blue sky and white clouds，green trees and clear _3_ ，shinning sun and warm wind.Nature has woken up.Where is spring? It shines _4_ the eyes of children，it dances among peoples gesture(姿态)and expressions.The sunshine is _5_ everything wake up.People will have a new beginning in spring _6_ is the best time to start the whole years work.Summer is _7_ active season.We can go boating and have fun in the water.What I like best in this season is the lotus(莲花)Whenever I am _8_，it encourages me to try my dream come true.I was born in autumn.It has seen my growth，happiness and sadness.Though the past months are sometimes bad，I own a new beginning.It _9_ love，hope and joy into my life.I love winter because I have fun with friends playing in the snow，making a snowman，enjoying the white world with the song Edelweiss(雪绒花)Winter is a season with hope.If winter comes，can_10_ be far behind? I love seasons.All seasons are great.( A )1.A.each BsomeCeither Dall( C )2.A.ask Bam askingCam asked Dasked( B )3.A.air BwaterCearth Dsand( A )4.A.in BonCunder Dafter( D )5.A.keeping BinvitingCtelling Dmaking( A )6.A.which BwhoCwhere Dwhy( C )7.A./ BaCan Dthe( B )8.A.happy BsadCangry Dexcited( D )9.A.finishes BtellsCwaits Dbrings ( A )10.A.spring BsummerCautumn Dwinter.(2016福州中考)阅读理解。 What would it be like to be over 100 meters in the air？Besides taking a plane，there is a more interesting and relaxing way to experience it：having a ride on a Ferris wheel (摩天轮)London Eye，England With a height of about 135 meters，the London Eye is the tallest Ferris wheel in Europe.There are 32 cars(轿厢) and each can carry 25 people at most.On the ride，people can get a view of London Tower.Buckingham Palace and Big Ben.One turn takes 30 minutes.High Roller，US
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