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main,.Objectives,.SuggestedTeachingPlan,.BackgroundInformation,.ClassPresentation,Preview,Preview,ThisistheseventhunitofBookFour.IntheListeningandSpeakingsection,youwilllearnhowtomakedeductionsandinferencesandwilldorelatedpracticalexercises.IntheReadingandWritingsection,theauthorspresentsomescientistsindifferentfields.Thesewonder-workershavechangedtheworldenormously.TextAandTextBtellusthestoriesoftwopioneersabloodbankpioneerandapioneerinarchitecture.PracticalReadingisasectionaboutelectricityfromatextbookentitledTeachYourselfElectricityandElectronics.,Preview,havemasteredthelanguageofdeductionandinference,andhavereceivedpracticallisteningandspeakingtrainingthroughvariousexercises;haveunderstoodthemainideasofTextAandTextB,andhavemasteredtheusefulsentencestructuresandwordsandexpressionsfoundintheexercisesrelevanttothetexts;knowhowtouseadverbialclausesofresult,purposeandcomparison;,1.2.3.,.Objectives,Afterstudyingthisunit,thestudentsareexpectedto,Objectives1,knowhowtowriteanadjustmentletter;readasectionaboutelectricityfromatextbookentitledTeachYourselfElectricityandElectronics;knowhowtounderstandschoolintroductions.,4.5.6.,Objectives2,.SuggestedTeachingPlan,SuggestedTimeandTeachingPlanforUnit7,s.t.p.1,Time,Contents,Plan,TheteacherbeginswiththePreviewtomakesurethatthestudentshavesomeideaofwhatthisunitisallabout.Afterthat,theteacheractivatesListeningandSpeakingexercisesasfollows:,2periods,Preview,s.t.p.2,Time,Contents,Plan,ListeningandSpeaking,TheLanguageofDeductionandInference,A.,Asktheclasstosaywhatevertheycanaboutmakingdeductionsandinferences;,B.,HavethestudentslistentoEx.1(2-3times)andfillintheblankswiththemissingwords;,s.t.p.3,Time,Contents,Plan,C.,D.,Askonestudenttoreadaloudthetalk,sothestudentscanchecktheircompletedanswers;,OrganizeanactivityaroundEx.2,andmakesurestudentsknowhowtomakedeductionsandinferencesusingthelanguagetheyhavejustlearned.,s.t.p.4,Time,Contents,Plan,2)MakingDeductionsandInferences,GothroughthenewwordsandexpressionsfortheconversationinEx.3;,A.,B.,Havethestudentslistentotheconversationtwiceandfillintheblankswiththemissingwords;,s.t.p.5,Time,Contents,Plan,C.,D.,Havethestudentslistentotheconversationagainandaskthemtoanswerthequestionsabouttheconversation;,Nowhavethemidentifythelanguageusedtomakeadeductionoraninference;,E.,Next,askthestudentstorole-playtheconversation.,s.t.p.6,Time,Contents,Plan,3)Follow-upPractice(Options),GothroughthewordsandexpressionsintheadinEx.6andthenhavethestudentsdothequestionexercisesasindicated;Note:Therearemanywaystoexpresssomething.,A.,s.t.p.7,Time,Plan,B.,C.,ListentotheconversationinEx.7,dothefollowingexercises,andinvitesomestudentstoasktheirquestions.Note:Therearemanywaystoexpresssomething.,ListentotherecordinginEx.8andaskthestudentstorespondbytranslatingtherepliesinChineseintoEnglish.,Contents,s.t.p.8,Time,Contents,Plan,D.,GroupthestudentsinpairsandhavethemdevelopquestionsandanswersbetweenaudienceandspeakerbasedontheshorttalkinEx.4.ThenhavethemdoEx.9andEx.10individuallyastheirhomework.Makesuretoexplaintheseexercisesinadvanceandtopresenttopic-relatedexpressions,s.t.p.9,Time,Plan,ontheblackboard;thesecanbeusedwhenthestudentsprepareoralpresentation.,Contents,3periods,ReviewoftheListeningandSpeakingSkillstheStudentsHaveLearned,Theteacherbeginstheassignmentmainlytoreviewthefunctionalandnotionallanguagethestudentspickedupinthepreviousclasses.Theteacherasksoneortwopairsofstudents,s.t.p.10,Time,Plan,Contents,toactouttheconversationbetweenanorthodontistandateenagecustomer,andtheninvitesseveralstudentstotelltheclasstheirinterpretationsofthepictureinEx.9ortopresenttheiropinionsorallyonthetopicof“WhattheInternetCannotDo.”Afterthat,theteacherturnstotheReadingandWritingsection.,s.t.p.11,Time,Plan,Contents,(Theseactivitiesshouldbecompletedin15minutes.),TextA,s.t.p.12,Time,Plan,B.,A.,Contents,invitessomestudentstorespondtothequestions.(10minutes),2)TextA,Theteacher,asksthestudentstoanswerthetext-relatedquestions,helpsthemidentifythemainideaofeachparagraphandanalyzes,s.t.p.13,Time,Plan,B.,Contents,thedifficultsentencesandlanguagepointswhilediscussingthewholetextwiththestudents(oneandahalfperiods);,guidesthestudentsthroughtheexercises,focusingoncertainonesandleavingothersasthestudentshomeworkaccordingtothestudentsdifferentlevelsofEnglish(oneperiod).,s.t.p.14,Time,Plan,Contents,1period,GrammarReview,1)GrammarReview,Theteachertalksabouttheuseofadverbialclausesofresult,purposeandcomparisonand,atthesametime,asksthestudentstodothegrammarexercisesinclass.,s.t.p.15,Time,Plan,Contents,PracticalWriting,2)PracticalWriting,TheteacherbothtellsandshowsthestudentshowtowriteanadjustmentletterbydoingEx.12ofPracticalWriting,andthenrequiresthestudentstodoEx.13astheirhomework.,s.t.p.16,Time,Contents,Plan,2periods,TextB,theinstitutionwasopenedin1829andreorganizedin1855.,BackgroundInformation-McGillUniversity,BackgroundInformation-RedCross,RedCross,Internationalhumanitarianagencydedicated,intimeofwar,toalleviatingthesufferingsofwoundedsoldiers,civilians,andprisonersofwar.Intimeofpeace,itrendersmedicalaidandotherhelptopeopleafflictedbymajordisasterssuchasfloods,earthquakes,epidemics,andfaminesandperformsotherpublicservicefunctions.,BackgroundInformation-TheSpringarnMedal1,TheSpringarnMedal,GivenbytheNAACPtheNationalAssociationfortheAdvancementofColoredPeople（全国有色人种促进会）,theSpringgarnMedalhasrecognizedthehighestachievementbyblackAmericanssince1915.OvertheyearstheSpringarnMedalhascometosignifythehighesthonoravailablefromtheNAACP.AlthoughthesignificanceoftheorganizationdeclinedwiththeculminationoftheCivilRightsMovementinthe1960s,theSpringarnMedalremainsacovetedaward.Pastwinnersincludestatesmen(RalphBunche,MartinLutherKing),musicians,BackgroundInformation-TheSpringarnMedal2,(MarianAnderson,DukeEllington),authors(MayaAngelou,AlexHaley),politicians(BarbaraJordan,AndrewYoung),civilrightsleaders(MedgerEvans,RosaParks),athletes(JackieRobinson,HankAaron),andentertainers(PaulRobeson,BillCosby).,BackgroundInformationNational1,NationalHistoricLandmarks,NationalHistoricLandmarksarenationallysignificanthistoricplacesdesignatedbytheSecretaryoftheInteriorbecausetheypossessexceptionalvalueorqualityinillustratingorinterpretingtheheritageoftheUnitedStates.Today,fewerthan2,500historicplacesbearthisnationaldistinction.Workingwithcitizensthroughout,BackgroundInformationNational2,thenation,theNationalHistoricLandmarksProgramdrawsupontheexpertiseofNationalParkServicestaffwhoworktonominatenewlandmarksandprovideassistancetoexistinglandmarks.Afriendsgroupofownersandmanagers,theNationalHistoricLandmarkStewardsAssociation,alsoworkstopreserve,protectandpromoteNationalHistoricLandmarks.,ClassPresentation.list,.ClassPresentation,Listeningitcanneverreplaceourreality.Wedontliveinvirtualreality;thisistherealworld.,Follow-upPractice10,StudentC:StudentD:,Plus,cantheInternettaketheplaceofmeasahumanbeing?Inotherwords,cantheInternettaketheplaceoflifeitself?Noway.Sure,wecancreateanidentityjustaswepleaseontheInternet,butthatsnowherenearlikelivingaspartofnature.TheInternetcanonlybeapartoflife.Soourconclusionhastobe:dontrelyontheInternetforeverything.Berealisticaboutwhatitcandoand/orbeitsalltooeasytofallintoanInternetaddictionsyndrome.,Readingthenheimmediatelytriedtoforcethethoughtfromhismind.Thequietness,thetiptoeingabout,thewhisperedconversationsitwasallbecomingunbearablewhileupstairshisyoungersisterElsalayillwithinfluenza.2Lessthanaweekaftershebecameill,Elsadied.Thefamilywasgrief-stricken.Fourteen-year-oldCharlesRichardDrewhadhisfirstseriousthoughtsaboutmakingmedicinehislifescareer.,TextA,TextA1-2,JuliaF.Lieser,CharlesDrew:BloodBankPioneer,?,N,N,3Upuntilthen,sportshadbeenthemotivatingforceinhislife.Hehadwonhisfirstathleticcompetitionaswimmingraceattheageofeight,andhadparticipatedineverysportopentohimfromthenon.AftertwoyearsofteachinganddirectingathleticsatMorganCollegeinBaltimore,Maryland,heenteredmedicalschoolatMcGillUniversityinMontreal,Canada.4WhileattendingMcGillhebecamegoodfriendswithDr.JohnBeattie,aBritishinstructor.OnedayDr.Beattiedeliveredalectureonbloodstructureandbloodgroups,and,encouragedbyhisinstructor,Drewdecidedtogointobloodresearch.,TextA,TextA3-4,?,N,TextA5,5Whenhereceivedatwo-yearfellowshipinsurgeryatColumbiaPresbyterianHospitalinNewYorkCity,hisspecialprojectwastodeterminehowbloodcouldbepreservedandusedfortransfusion.Hediscoveredthatifbloodwasrefrigeratedatacertaintemperature,immediatelyafterbeingtaken,itcouldbekeptforaslongastwoweeks.Hesubmittedadetailedplanforsettingupabloodbankatthehospital,andmoneywasvotedforafour-monthexperiment.Theprogramstartedwithhisstaffdonatingblood.Volunteerswereencouraged,andallbloodtypeswerekeptonhand.Theprojectbecameapermanentpartofthehospital.,?,N,TextA,6In1940,ColumbiaUniversityawardedDrewhisDoctorofSciencedegree.HisthesisforthedegreesummarizedhisworkatColumbiaPresbyterianHospitalandwastitled“BankedBlood.”,TextA6,?,TextA,7Dr.Drewsexperimentsshowedthatbloodkeptformorethantwoweeksstartedtodeteriorate,andhewouldnotuseitfortransfusion.Hediscoveredthatplasmacouldbegiventoanypatientregardlessofbloodtype.Soonliveswerebeingsavedinemergenciesbyimmediateinjectionsofplasma.Dr.Drewthenexperimentedwithextractingthewaterfromplasmasothatthedriedplasmacouldbepreservedoveramuchlongerperiodandcouldbeshippedgreaterdistances.Whenneeded,thedriedcrystalscouldbemixedwithwater,muchaswemixsoftdrinksfrompowders.,TextA7,?,N,TextA,TextA,TextA8-9,?,8AtthebeginningofWorldWar,Dr.Beattie,DrewsformerinstructoratMcGill,senthimanurgentcablegram.“Couldyousecure5,000ampulesofdriedplasmafortransfusion?”itsaid.“Followthisbyequalquantityinthreetofourweeks.”9Dr.Drewwasstunned.Heknewthattherewasnosuchamountofplasmainthewholeworld.Butheneverhesitated.Heimmediatelysettoworkandorganizedthe“BloodforBritain”campaign.Countlesslivesweresavedbecauseofit.,N,N,TextA,TextA10,10ThefollowingyeartheAmericanRedCrossaskedDr.DrewtosetupabloodprocurementprogramtoaidAmericansoldiersinjuredonthebattlefield.NowDr.Drewfacedanewproblem.SomeAmericansdemandedthatbloodtakenfromblacksbekeptseparateandusedonlyforblacks.WhenacontroversyaroseandjournalistsaskedDr.Drewforastatement,hetoldthemthatnodifferenceinthebloodcouldbediscernedinthelaboratorythatwouldcauseaneedforsuchapractice.,N,N,?,11DrewreceivedtheSpingarnMedalin1943forthe“highestandnoblestachievementbyablackAmericanduringtheprecedingwar.”12InApril1950,Dr.DrewleftWashingtonwiththreeotherdoctorsforaconferenceatTuskegeeInstituteinAlabama.HiscaroverturnednearBurlington,NorthCarolina.Seriouslyinjured,helaybadlyinneedofabloodtransfusionanddiedattheageof45,enroutetoahospital.(635words),TextA11-12,?,TextA,WhatdidCharlieDrewthinkofthehouse?,Itwasasquietasdeath.,TextA1-3_Q1,2)Whywasthehousesoquiet?,BecauseupstairshisyoungersisterElsalayillwithinfluenza.,3)Whywasthefamilygrief-stricken?,Becauselessthanaweekaftershebecameill,Elsadied.,4)WhatcausedDrewsseriousthoughtsaboutmakingmedicinehislifescareer?,Hisyoungersistersdeath.,TextA1-3_Q2,5)Whatdidhewinattheageofeight?,Hewonhisfirstathleticcompetitionaswimmingrace.,6)Whichmedicalschooldidheenteraftertwoyearsteachingofathletics?,HeenteredmedicalschoolatMcGillUniversityinMontreal,Canada.,Dr.JohnBeattie,hisinstructoratMcGill.,7)WhoencouragedDrewtogointobloodresearch?,查尔斯德鲁：血库创始人朱莉娅F利瑟屋子里一片寂静，死一般的寂静，查利德鲁想；紧接着他就试图摆脱这种想法。屋子里的这片寂静，走路时的蹑手蹑脚，说话时的低声细语这一切正变得让人难以忍受而在楼上，他的妹妹埃尔莎因患流感正卧病在床。埃尔莎得病后不到一星期就死了，全家人都悲痛欲绝。14岁的查尔斯理查德德鲁第一次认真地考虑了要把医学作为自己的终身职业。,ChineseVersion,TextA1-3_T,就读麦吉尔期间，他和英国籍导师约翰贝蒂博士成了好朋友。有一天,贝蒂博士作了一个关于血液构造与血型的讲座。德鲁在导师的鼓励下，决定从事血液研究。在那之前，体育一直是他生活的动力。8岁时他就赢得了他的第一个运动比赛一次游泳比赛的胜利；自那以后，对他开放的每项运动他都参加。在马里兰州巴尔的摩市摩根学院教了两年体育后，他进了加拿大蒙特利尔市麦吉尔大学的医学院。,ChineseVersion,TextA1-3_T,pioneer/:n.personwhoexplores,settlesin,anewarea,country,etc.;personwhoexploresnewmethods,ideas,etc.拓荒者；开拓者；先驱者，先锋；创始人,TextA_1-3_pioneer,earlypioneersinNorthAmerica,北美的早期开拓者,e.g.,apioneerinaviation,航空业的先驱者,Hisgrandfatherwasoneofthepioneersofheartsurgery.,他的祖父是心脏外科学的先驱之一。,LanguagePoints,JuliaF.Lieser/朱莉娅F利瑟（人名）,TextA_1-3_JuliaF.Lieser,LanguagePoints,Charlie/查利（男子名，Charles的昵称）,TextA_1-3_Charlie,LanguagePoints,Elsa/埃尔莎（女子名，Elizabeth的昵称）,TextA_1-3_Elsa,LanguagePoints,Morgan/College摩根学院,TextA_1-3_Morgan,LanguagePoints,McGill/University麦吉尔大学,TextA_1-3_McGill,LanguagePoints,Montreal/蒙特利尔（加拿大东南部港市）,TextA_1-3_Montreal,LanguagePoints,Asquietasdeath,thoughtCharlieDrew;thenheimmediatelytriedtoforcethethoughtfromhismind.死一般的寂静，查利德鲁想；紧接着他就试图摆脱这种想法。Asquietasdeath,thoughtCharlieDrew.=CharlieDrewthoughtitwasasquietasdeath.这是一种修辞性的省略。,TextA_1-3_S_Asquiet,LanguagePoints,TextA_1-3_tiptoe,tiptoe/n.脚趾尖；脚尖vi.walkquietlyandcarefullyontiptoe踮起脚走,e.g.,Itiptoedpastthesleepingchild.Shetiptoedtothebedwherethechildlayasleep.,孩子睡着了，她踮着脚走到他床前。,我踮着脚从睡着的孩子旁边走过。,LanguagePoints,lie:vi.tobeorremaininaspecifiedcondition处于特定的状态,TextA_1-3_lie,Thedusthaslainundisturbedforyears.,灰尘积在那儿很多年了。,e.g.,Helaysickinbed.,他卧病在床。,LanguagePoints,grief-stricken/:a.overcomewithgrief充满悲伤的，极度悲痛的,TextA_1-3_grief-stricken,Thenewsmadehergrief-stricken.,这消息使她极为伤心。,e.g.,Weweregrief-strickenoverhissuddendeath.,他的突然去世使我们极度悲痛。,LanguagePoints,TextA1-3_unbearable,unbearable/:a.thatcannotbetoleratedorendured难以忍受的；不能容忍的,LanguagePoints,TextA1-3_influenza,influenza/:n.infectiousillnessthatcausesfeverandachesinthebody流行性感冒，流感,LanguagePoints,TextA1-3_participate,participate/:vi.takepart参加，参与,LanguagePoints,TextA1-3_S_Fourteen,Fourteen-year-oldCharlesRichardDrewhadhisfirstseriousthoughtsaboutmakingmedicinehislifescareer.14岁的查尔斯理查德德鲁第一次认真地考虑了要把医学作为自己的终身职业。haveseriousthoughtsaboutdoingsth.意为“认真考虑做某事”。,LanguagePoints,TextA1-3_upuntilthen,upuntilthen:asfarasthattime直到那时，在那时以前,e.g.,Upuntilthen,Iknewnothingatallaboutit.Upuntilthen,shehadneverlivedalone.,在那之前,她从未独自生活过。,在那时以前,我对这事一无所知。,LanguagePoints,TextA1-3_participatein,e.g.,Wewereinvitedtoparticipateinthediscussion.Irefusedtoparticipateintheirquarrel.,我拒绝参加他们的争吵。,我们被邀请去参加了讨论。,LanguagePoints,participatein:takepartin参加，参与,TextA1-3_beopento,beopento:beavailabletoorusedby可供使用；对开放,e.g.,Thecompetitionisopentoallstudents.Thisgardenisopentothepublic.,这座花园向公众开放。,所有的学生都可以参加这项比赛。,LanguagePoints,TextA1-3_fromthenon,fromthenon:startingthenandcontinuing从那时起,e.g.,Heseemedtohavetakenadisliketoherfromthenon.Historyhadfascinatedhimfromthenon.,从那时起,他就对历史着了迷。,从那时起,他似乎就开始讨厌她了。,LanguagePoints,TextA_4-5_Q,Hisspecialprojectwastodeterminehowbloodcouldbepreservedandusedfortransfusion.,8)WhatwashisspecialprojectatColumbiaPresbyterianHospital?,Hediscoveredthatifbloodwasrefrigeratedatacertaintemperatureimmediatelyafterbeingtaken,itcouldbekeptforaslongastwoweeks.,9)WhatdidhediscoveratColumbiaPresbyterianHospital?,ChineseVersion,在得到纽约市哥伦比亚大学长老会医院提供的为期两年的外科学研究奖学金后，他的专题研究方向为测定如何能保存血液并用于输血。他发现，如果血液采集后立即以一定的温度冷冻，它就能保存两星期之久。他递交了一份在医院里建立血库的详细计划；院方投票通过了对一项为期四个月的实验的经费资助。项目启动时，工作人员纷纷献血。志愿者受到鼓励，所有血型都保存备用。此课题成了该医院的一项永久性的工作。,TextA_4-5_T,TextA_4-5_S_Whileattending,WhileattendingMcGill,hebecamegoodfriendswithDr.JohnBeattie,aBritishinstructor.就读麦吉尔期间，他和英国籍导师约翰贝蒂博士成了好朋友。WhileattendingMcGill,=WhilehewasattendingMcGill,在时间、地点、条件、方式或让步等状语从句中，如主语和主句的主语一致，谓语的一部分是助动词be，则可省略从句中的主语和be。,LanguagePoints,TextA_4-5_JohnBeattie,JohnBeattie/约翰贝蒂（人名）,LanguagePoints,TextA_4-5_S_Hediscovered,Hediscoveredthatifbloodwasrefrigeratedatacertaintemperatureimmediatelyafterbeingtaken,itcouldbekeptforaslongastwoweeks.他发现，如果血液采集后立即以一定的温度冷冻，它就能保存两星期之久。afterbeingtaken=afteritwastaken。,LanguagePoints,TextA_4-5_submit,submit/:(-tt-)vt.give(sth.)(tosb.)sothatitmaybeconsidered,decidedon,etc.(向某人)提交(或呈递)(某物)以供考虑、裁决等,e.g.,Isubmittedmytestpaperstotheexaminer.Ihopeyoucansubmityourtermpapersbeforethedeadline.,我希望你们能在最后限期之前交上你们的学期论文。,我把试卷交给了主考老师。,LanguagePoints,TextA_4-5_vote,vote/1.v.1)formallyexpressanopinionorchoicebyvote投票；选举；表决,e.g.,Theyvotedyesonthemotion.VoteforJohnsonthepeoplesfriend!,请投约翰逊一票他是人民之友!,他们对这项动议投了赞成票。,LanguagePoints,TextA_4-5_vote,2.n.选票；投票；选举；表决,e.g.,secretvoteIgavemyvotetoMr.Smith.,我投了史密斯先生一票。,无记名投票,2)agreetoprovide(money,etc.)astheresultofavote投票通过提供（钱等）,e.g.,ThecommitteevotedtheSportsClubanextra$1,000.,委员会投票通过再拨1000美元给体育俱乐部。,TextA_4-5_onhand,onhand:available,readytobeusedortodosth.ifneeded现有，在手头，在近处,e.g.,Jimhadnocashonhandtopayforthegas.Alwayshaveyourdictionaryonhandwhenyoustudy.,吉姆手头没有现钱付汽油费。,学习时你要一直把字典放在手边。,LanguagePoints,TextA_4-5_fellowship,fellowship/:n.positionorstipendofafellowofacollegeoruniversity;awardofmoneytoagraduatestudentinreturnforsometeaching,researchassistance,etc.(大学中)研究员的职位(或薪金)；(大学研究生的)奖学金,LanguagePoints,TextA_4-5_Presbyterian,Presbyterian/a.(ofachurch,esp.ofthenationalChurchofScotland)governedbyelderswhoareallequalinrank(指基督教教会，尤指苏格兰国立教会)长老制的n.personwhoisamemberofthePresbyterianChurch长老会教友,LanguagePoints,TextA_4-5_transfusion,transfusion/:n.actorprocessofputtingonepersonsbloodintoanotherpersonsbody输血,LanguagePoints,TextA_4-5_refrigerator,refrigerator/:n.cabinetorroominwhichfoodiskeptcold冰箱；冷藏室,refrigerate/:vt.make(food,etc.)coldinordertofreezeorpreserveit冷冻，冷藏(食物等),LanguagePoints,TextA_6-7_Q,HisthesissummarizedhisworkatColumbiaPresbyterianHospitalandwastitled“BankedBlood.”,10)WhatwasDrewsthesisabout?,TextA_6-7_Q,Hediscoveredthatplasmacouldbegiventoanypatientregardlessofbloodtype.,11)Whatdidhediscoveraboutplasma?,TextA_6-7_T,ChineseVersion,1940年，哥伦比亚大学授予德鲁理学博士学位。他的学位论文总结了他在哥大长老会医院的工作，题目为储存入库的血液。,TextA_6-7_T,ChineseVersion,德鲁博士的实验表明，保存期超过两周的血液即开始变质，而他便不会用它来进行输血。他发现不管什么血型的病人都能接受血浆。不久，一些急诊病人由于及时输入了血浆而获救。接着，德鲁博士又做了把水分从血浆中抽掉的实验，因为干血浆能保存长得多的时间，而且能运送到更远的地方去。需要时，干血浆晶体可以和水调和在一起，很像我们用饮料粉兑出软饮料来一样。,TextA_6-7_summarize,summarize/:vt.makeasummaryof;sumup概括；总结,Mr.Smithsummarizedthecurrentsituationinafewwords.Jackquicklysummarizedthemainpointsofhisplan.,史密斯先生只用几句话就概括了当前的形势。,e.g.,杰克很快地概述了他计划的要点。,LanguagePoints,TextA_6-7_Columbia,Columbia/University哥伦比亚大学,LanguagePoints,TextA_6-7_deteriorate,deteriorate/:vi.becomeworseinqualityorcondition恶化，变坏；变质,e.g.,Thenationshighwaysaredeterioratingatarapidpace.Relationsbetweenthetwocountriesbegantodeterioratelastyear.Hewastakenintohospitallastweekwhenhisconditionsuddenlybegantodeteriorate.,这个国家的公路正在迅速退化。,两国关系去年开始恶化。,上周他的病情突然开始恶化时，他被送进了医院。,LanguagePoints,TextA_6-7_immediate,immediate/:a.doneorneededatonceandwithoutdelay立即的，即刻的,e.g.,Wemusttakeimmediateaction.Mr.Smithmadenoimmediateanswer.,我们必须立即采取行动。,史密斯先生没有立即回答。,LanguagePoints,TextA_6-7_extract1,extract/:vt.pullortakeout(sth.)usingcareandsomestrength;obtain(juices,etc.)bycrushing,pressing,etc.拔出；取出；榨出；压出,e.g.,extractabulletfromawoundextractoilfromsoybeans,将子弹从伤口中取出,从大豆中榨油,LanguagePoints,TextA_6-7_extract2,e.g.,extractseveralpassagesfromthespeechIhadatoothextractedyesterday.,从演说中摘出几段话,我昨天拔了一颗牙。,海湾大桥仍然关闭着，因此从旧金山开车到伯克利校园用了一个半小时。,TextA_6-7_sothat,sothat:1.inorderthat以便（从句中通常带情态动词）,e.g.,Istoppedsothatyoucouldcatchup.,我停下来以便你能赶上。,2.withtheresultorconsequencethat因此，所以,e.g.,TheBayBridgewasstillclosedsothatthedrivefromSanFranciscototheBerkeleycampustookanhourandahalf.,LanguagePoints,crystal/:n.水晶；结晶，结晶体,e.g.,anecklaceofcrystalssaltcrystalsThediningtableshonewithsilverandcrystal.,水晶珠项链,TextA_6-7_crystal,盐的结晶体,餐桌上摆的银餐具和晶质玻璃器皿闪闪发光。,LanguagePoints,TextA_6-7_mix,mix/:vt.put(differentthings)together;combine(differentthings)sothatanewsubstanceisformed;make(sth.)bycombiningthedifferentpartstogether使混合，拌和；调制；配制,e.g.,Oilandwaterdonotmix./Oildoesnotmixwithwater.Mixredandyellowtomakeorange.,油和水不能混合。,把红色和黄色混合调成橘黄色。,LanguagePoints,TextA_6-7_S_Whenneeded,Whenneeded,thedriedcrystalscouldbemixedwithwater,muchaswemixsoftdrinksfrompowders.需要时，干血浆晶体可以和水调和在一起，很像我们用饮料粉兑出软饮料来一样。Whenneeded,=Whentheywereneeded,LanguagePoints,TextA_6-7_powder,powder/()/:n.substanceintheformofacollectionofextremelysmallpieces粉，粉末,e.g.,Theywashedtheirclotheswithsoappowder.Thatpacketofwhitepowderthepolicefoundinhisroomturnedouttobecocaine.,警察在他房间里找到的那包白色粉末原来是可卡因。,他们用肥皂粉洗衣服。,LanguagePoints,TextA_6-7_thesis,thesis/:n.longwrittenessaysubmitte
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