英语写作常用逻辑衔接词-起承转合

写作常用逻辑衔接词一、 根据衔接词本身在文章中起到的作用，主要分为以下四类，即“起”，“承”、“转”、“合”。1. 表示“起”的词/组：用于开篇引出扩展2at present现在，当今presently现在，此刻currently目前，最近recently最近lately最近in general一般来说generally speaking一般来说on the whole总起来说it is said that 据说it goes without saying 不用说as a proverb goes, 俗话说得好at first最初firstly第一at the very beginning起初first of all首先in the first place首先，第一to begin with首先，第一to start with首先，第一for one thing (for another)首先(其次) on the one hand (on the other hand ) 一方面(另一方面) 2. 有关“承”的常用语：用来承接上文。after/ after that/ afterwards此后after a few days/ years几天/几年以后after a while过了一会later后来soon不久then然后from now on从此at the same time同时by this time此时meanwhile 同时secondly第二thirdly 第三for another其次besides此外furthermore而且；此外moreover而且，此外whats more而且；此外in addition此外in addition to 除之外in the same manner/ way同样的similarly同样地in other words换句话说consequently因此；结果so所以for this purpose为了这个目的for example例如 for instance例如such as正如particularly特别地in particular特别(地)indeed的确there is no doubt that无疑地obviously明显地of course当然3. 有关“转”常用的词语：用来表示不同或相反的意见。after all毕竟all the same虽然，但是conversely相反地however然而；无论如何but但是whereas然而yet然而；但是in contrast对比之下on the contrary相反地even though即使though/ although尽管despite尽管虽然in spite of尽管虽然nonetheless尽管如此nevertheless不过；虽然如此anyway无论如何in fact事实上as a matter of fact事实上especially特别地in particular特别地fortunately幸运地in other words换句话说in the same way同样地unlike不像；和不同luckily 幸运地unfortunately不幸地on the other hand另一方面otherwise否则perhaps或许4. 有关“合”的常用词语：用于小结上文或结束本段落的内容。above all最重要accordingly于是as a consequence因此as a result结果as has been stated如前所述as above mentioned如上所述as I have said如我所述at last最后at length最后；终于by doing so一般来说briefly简单扼要地by doing so如此consequently因此eventually最后finally最后hence因此in brief简言之in conclusion总之；最后in short简言之in a word总之in sum总之，简言之in summary简要地说on the whole总起来说；整个看来therefore因此thus因此to speak frankly坦白地说to sum up总而言之to summarize简言之surely无疑to conclude总而言之truly的确so所以obviously显然certainly肯定；无疑all in all总之二、根据衔接词本身的意思和文章连接所需要的逻辑意义，可分为以下十四类1.表示因果关系 as a result 结果 eg. He never studied hard, and as a result he failed in the last examination.as a result of 因为，由于 eg. He is late for work as a result of traffic accident.accordingly 于是 eg. He wanted to buy a radio for studying English, and accordingly her mother bought it for him.because（of）因为，由于eg. We are delayed because of a traffic jam.due to 因为，由于eg. His success is due to his excellent work.eg. Owing to his absence, our meeting was not held.thanks to 多亏了eg. Thanks to a good teacher, she passed the examination.now that 既然eg. Now that you have grown up, you must earn for yourself.so long as 只要就 eg. You could accomplish your dream so long as you try it again and again.since 既然eg. Since you are here now, youd better give a hand.on account of 因为，由于 eg. We delayed our departure on account of the bad weather.in that 因为eg. The policy is harmful in that it may encourage people to give up.so that 所以eg. The office speaks at the top of his voice so that every soldier could hear him.consequently 因此 eg. It rained so heavily, consequently, we cancelled the plan of climbing the mountain.hence 因此 eg. It is 12 p.m. now, hence you must take a sleep.therefore 因此eg. There is a calculating mistake here; therefore, the answer is wrong.2.表示解释关系as a matter of fact 事实上 eg. I will go there this afternoon, as a matter of fact, I intended to go this morning but I couldnt find the time. as well 也 eg. I will go there. My friend will go with me as well.frankly speaking 坦白来说 eg. Frankly speaking, I am not very satisfied with your words. in this case 既然这样 eg. In this case, I will go there as soon as possible.3.表示推理关系or else 否则 eg. Hurry up, or else youll be late.otherwise 否则 eg. You must carry this passport; otherwise you will be stopped by the guard. if so 如果那样的话 eg. If so, it will make a great difference.so that implies 那表明eg. He is in panic now, so that implies he is lying. to put it more precisely 更精确地说eg. He is rather strong, to put it more precisely, he is a little sturdy. under no circumstances 在任何情况下都不，绝不eg. Under no circumstances will I go there. 4.表示递进关系 additionally 此外eg. I like playing cards; additionally, playing chess is also my favorite. in addition 此外 eg. I need your help. In addition, I also need her support. besides 此外 eg. First, we must work hard. Besides, we must work with a creative mind. and moreover 而且，此外 eg. The hat is the right size for you, and moreover, it goes well with your skin. that is to say 就是说 eg. The stock price is declining, that is to say, I am losing money.furthermore 而且，此外eg. She is kind, and furthermore, shes beautiful.in other words 换句话说 eg. I am not hungry, in other words, I really dislike the food in this canteen.equally important 同样重要的是 eg. You should read more news from newspapers, and equally important, keep an eye on the news from the radio.whats more 而且，此外 eg. It is harmful to my health, and whats more, it is no good to my work.last but not the least 最后 eg. Last but not least, my thanks should go to every member of my class.5 表示比较关系 equally 同样地 eg. As a teacher, I should teach well, but equally, I should study well.in comparison with 和相比 eg. In comparison with the red one, I would like to choose the blue cap.in the same way 同样地eg. It is such a coincidence that we figure it out in the same way.in contrast to 和相反eg. In contrast to your belief, I quite disagree with you.instead 代替，顶替eg. If you dont go, Ill go instead.on the contrary 相反eg. You think I like it. On the contrary, I dislike it.in contrast 对比之下eg. It is hot in the daytime, but in contrast its very cold at night.while 但是eg. We are happy in China, while most Africans live unhappily.6.表示选择关系alternatively 作为选择，二者选一地eg. You may take the exam. Alternatively you take another one next year.eitheror 或者或者 eg. Either you or I will go there.rather than 而不是 eg. In this matter, the parents should be blamed rather than the children.instead of 而不是 eg. You should be reading books instead of lying there in bed.not but 不是而是 eg. She is not an English teacher, but a German student.whetheror not 是否 eg. I wonder whether you will come or not this afternoon.neithernor 既不也不 eg. Neither you nor I will go there. He will come this afternoon.7.表示转折关系 although 尽管 eg. Although he is old, he still works every day. despite尽管，不管 eg. I will visit him despite the heavy snow. at the same time 同时，但是 eg. The little kid brings troubles, but at the same time you cant help liking him. even though 即使 eg. Even though she is late, she walks slowly. however 可是 eg. I planned to go there; however, the incident suddenly interrupts my normal work. in spite of 不管 eg. In spite of the boys honesty, the teacher is still very angry. instead 改为 eg. It is too hot to go shopping, lets watch TV at home instead.nevertheless 尽管这样 eg. Nevertheless, I would try to make a remedy.regardless 不管，不顾eg. Regardless of age, sex, race and economic level, all men are equal. notwithstanding 虽然，尽管eg. I have determined, notwithstanding your disapproval.on the contrary 正相反 eg. I used to think that the result will be good. On the contrary, it turns out to be bad.still 尽管如此 eg. Its raining cats and dogs outside. Still, I will visit him.though 虽然，尽管 eg. I will visit him, though it is raining there.otherwise 否则eg. We must hurry, otherwise we cannot catch the bus.while 虽然，但是 eg. Sadness is beautiful while loneliness is tragic.yet 然而，但是 eg. He is sentimental sometimes, yet I still like him.8.表示总结关系all in all 总而言之 eg. All in all, we must cope with it wellbriefly 简而言之 eg. Briefly, I agree with you on the matter.in conclusion 最后，总之 eg. In conclusion, the first opinion is much more reasonable than the latter idea.in summary 简要地说 eg. In summary, we cannot fully believe what we heard from others.to sum up 总而言之 eg. To sum up, teaching student is not an easy task to perform.on the whole 总体来说，整个来看 eg. On the whole, the book is extremely valuable.in all 总而言之 eg. In all, its great to be a father.in short 简而言之 eg. In short, actions speak louder than words.in brief 简言之 eg. In brief, to help others is to help yourself.in a word 总之 eg. In a word, we will win while they will lose.in terms 明确地，毫不含糊地 eg. In practical terms, I believe it will work.in sum 总之，简而言之 eg. In sum, it is great to be a teacher.to summarize 简而言之 eg. To summarize, spare the rod, spoil the children,to conclude 总而言之eg. To conclude, it is true that we should pay more attention to this problem.9.表示次序关系above all 最重要，首先 eg. Above all, remember to call me when you arrive.afterwards 然后，后来 eg. We played the whole day and afterwards walked home together in the evening.eventually 最后，终于eg. Eventually, he rose to the position of vice president.firstly/first of all 首先，第一 eg. Firstly/ first of all, Ill mention the history.secondly 第二 eg. Secondly, I will mention the present.furthermore 此外，而且 eg. Furthermore, it is not good enough in this respect.finally 最后 eg. Finally, I agree with you on this matter.last but not least 最后eg. Last but not least, my personal effort also plays a small role in the accomplishment of the task.to conclude 总而言之 eg. To conclude, life is not a battle if you want to be a normal man.lastly 最后 eg. Lastly, I must say it will be remembered by people around the world.in the end 最后 eg. In the end, they parted each other at the cross road.10.表示强调关系above all 最重要，首先 eg. Above all, the good policy makes us dare to be rich.of course 当然 eg. Of course you will fall behind if you dont study harder.indeed 确实 eg. I am indeed very glad to see you are well and sound.most important 最重要 eg. Most important, it is a book for sale first.with great emphasis on 特别强调 eg. He delivered a speech with great emphasis on the solar energy. 11.表示过渡关系as regards 关于，至于eg. As regards your school report, I dont quite agree. as to/as for 关于，至于eg. Shes very uncertain as to where he is now.by the way 顺便提一下eg. By the way, there is a letter for you in the presidents office.with reference to 关于eg. With reference to further information, please let me know.with regard to 关于eg. With regard to your score in last examination, I am afraid it is not a good news for you.regarding 关于 eg. It is a book regarding the War at Hastings.concerning 关于 eg. Nobody has the information concerning his whereabouts.talking of 谈到eg. Talking of philosophy, I know little about it.incidentally 顺便提到eg. Incidentally, your proposal has drawn most peoples attention.to resume 再继续 eg. To resume our discussion, how do you think of Lincoln?to get back to the point 话说回来eg. To get back to the point, have you ever visited Mr Johnson?12表示举例关系as follows 如下eg. The reasons are as follows.a case in point 举个恰当的例子eg. A case in point, Qingdao is such a beautiful city. for example 例如eg. For example, Chairman Mao is such a great hero.for instance 例如eg. There are many advantages, for instance, it can make your book perfect.including 包括eg. There are many children there, including a two-year-old baby.to illustrate 为了阐明问题eg. To illustrate, I can give you many examples.13.表示同指关系that is 即，就是，换句话说 eg. There are two persons there, that is, Tom and Jack.in other word 换句话说 eg. In other words, we must finish it before he comes.that is to say 即，就是，换句话说 eg. Lets go back to the original plan, that is to say, you must go there.14.表示时间关系after a while 不久，过了一会儿 eg. After a while, he came back with smile on his face.afterwards 然后，后来 eg. Tom came in for a cup of tea, and then he went out soon afterwards.at last 终于 eg. At last, we succeed.as long as 只要，在的时候eg. You may borrow this book as long as you return it.at length 最后 eg. At length he told us the truth.at that time 在那时 eg. At that time, all people were poor.eventually 最后，终于 eg. We waited for her on and on, and eventually she came.finally 最后，终于 eg. After a heated discussion, finally he gave up.in the past 在过去 eg. In the past he was very naughty.meanwhile 与此同时 eg. Tom was listening to the radio, and meanwhile Adam was reading.presently 现在，此刻 eg. He is presently the president of the U.S.so far 迄今为止 eg. So far hes been to China more than 3 times.thereafter 其后，从那时以后 eg. Thereafter, they lived a happy life.until 直到才 eg. I did not feel hungry until midnight.until now 到现在为止，迄今 eg. He has not come until now.when 当时 eg. I used to listen to the radio when I was young.15.表示条件关系as long as 只要就eg. You may borrow this book as long as you return it.if 如果eg. If it rains, the sports meeting will be put off.on condition that 如果eg. I can lend my bike to you on condition that you return it to me in time.