2022年考博英语-浙江大学考前模拟强化练习题8（附答案详解）

2022年考博英语-浙江大学考前模拟强化练习题（附答案详解）1. 单选题Immigrants of all races in this area are demanding that they receive ( ) treatment from the authorities.问题1选项A.uniqueB.unitedC.uniformD.universal【答案】C【解析】句意：这个地区所有种族的移民都要求得到当局的统一对待。unique独一无二的；united团结的，统一的；uniform一致的，相同的；universal普遍的，通用的。选项C符合句意。2. 单选题Everyone experiences fear during major crisis such as fires, automobile accidents, etc. Some people even feel very nervous when they fly in airplanes. No matter how hard they try, they cannot lower their anxiety. Some of them enjoy talking about their fears while others resent being asked to discuss their personal feelings. Many are aware that they feel anxious but only a few are conscious of the way they express their tension. Some people try to hide their nervousness: they try to disguise their anxiety by telling jokes. Others become loud and aggressive, attacking people by making them the butt of cruel jokes. Sometimes making someone else the target of jokes is an attempt to control ones own fears to master anxiety.A number of factors can be mentioned as important in explaining why some people have a fear of flying: early childhood experiences, general sense of security, fear of heights, trust in others, percentage of alcohol in blood, etc. The memory of a bad experience can sometimes trigger the same fear caused by that experience. Thus, a child might be frightened by the sight of a dog even though he is safe, merely because he once had a bad experience with a dog. A bad experience can be the cue that triggers our fears. But the crucial factor seems to be a feeling of no control.Usually we are able to suppress our feelings so that they do not affect our behavior. But sometimes the tension produced by our fears is so great that we cannot suppress it. At such time we need to discharge the tension by laughing or crying. By smiling foolishly and talking loudly, we are able to repress the rising feeling of fear so that it does not affect the way we behave.Because it is necessary to recognize a problem before it can be solved, admitting that we are afraid is an integral part of the process of mastering our fears.1.To make someone the butt of jokes means（ ）.2.What is the positive purpose of peoples telling jokes?3.To master anxiety means（ ）4.According to the author, which of the following is the most important factor triggering the feeling fear?5.According to the concluding paragraph, what is essential to go through the process of mastering ones fears?问题1选项A.to make someone become the object of jokesB.to force someone to enjoy jokesC.to entitle someone to tell jokesD.to offend someone by jokes问题2选项A.To show ones sense of humor.B.To control ones own fears.C.To disguise their anxiety.D.To attack others.问题3选项A.to be familiar with tensionB.to hold back the feeling of uneasinessC.to conquer the feeling of nervousnessD.to be good at the subject of anxiety问题4选项A.The fear of heights.B.Early childhood experience.C.The general sense of security.D.A feeling of no control.问题5选项A.To be conscious of the way of mastering fears.B.To repress the rising feeling of fear.C.To admit the feeling of fears.D.To control ones feelings.【答案】第1题:A第2题:B第3题:C第4题:D第5题:C【解析】1.语义题。根据第一段的倒数二三句“Some people try to hide their nervousness: they try to disguise their anxiety by telling jokes. Others become loud and aggressive, attacking people by making them the butt of cruel jokes. ”有些人试图通过讲笑话来掩饰他们的焦虑；另一些人则吵闹和好斗，攻击别人的方法是使人成为被取笑的对象。所以the butt of jokes指：被人取笑的对象。选项A符合原文。2.细节归纳题。根据第一段的最后一句“Sometimes making someone else the target of jokes is an attempt to control ones own fears to master anxiety.”有时让别人成为笑话的对象是为了控制自己的恐惧控制焦虑。选项B符合原文。3.细节事实题。根据第一段的最后一句“Sometimes making someone else the target of jokes is an attempt to control ones own fears to master anxiety.”可知选项C符合原文。4.细节判断题。根据第二段最后一句“But the crucial factor seems to be a feeling of no control.”可知选项D符合原文。5.根据最后一段的内容可知：在问题得以解决之前，有必要认识它，承认我们害怕是控制恐惧过程中不可分割的一部分。选项C符合原文。3. 单选题People were surprised to find that Mr. Johnson had the ability to（ ）everything he was involved in.问题1选项A.prevailB.dominateC.presideD.instruct【答案】B【解析】动词词义辨析。prevail盛行，流行；dominate控制，支配；preside主持，担任会议主席；instruct指导，通知。句意：人们惊讶地发现Mr. Johnson 有能力操控他所做的每件事。选项B符合句意。4. 单选题This（ ）was conducted to find out how many people prefer rice.问题1选项A.examinationB.surveyC.inspectionD.test【答案】B【解析】近义词辨析。examination考试；survey调查；inspection检查；test试验。句意：这项调查是为了看看有多少人更喜欢米饭。选项B符合语境。5. 单选题Is this happening in your neighborhood? Children, notebook computers stuck under their arms, await the yellow bus for the trip to middle school. On the surface, the question of computers in schools is a no-brainer. It would be strange to insist that todays technology shouldnt be used to make the classroom experience more individualized, more effective, more immediate, more exciting. Computers have been in schools more than 20 years and probably even done some good.But the idea of a personal computer as a necessary daily tool for every American grammar school pupil is altogether different thing. Beware the superficially attractive vision of 10-year-olds doing most of their work and homework on a computer. It is another illusory silver bullet that promises to solve all of societys ills through technology. Regardless of whether parents or taxpayers buy the machinery, its bad policy.Determining the proper role of computers in schools is too important to be left to computer suppliers and educators. An educated public with clear and realistic expectations needs to help determine the right track for technology.Educators forever seem to seek the ultimate in curricular or teaching tools They are always preoccupied with innovation junior high school, new math, whole language, open classrooms, and mastery learning, to name a few. Some ideas turned out well and over time have earned permanent positions in our education systems. Other reflected change for changes sake and wound up in the trash bin, where they belong.Exactly what is to be solved with computers in schools? Are we looking to improve instructional capacity and flexibility? Are we trying to make teachers and aids more productive by letting students take advantage of programmed learning tools? This all sounds good, and much has been accomplished with computer-assisted instruction.But thats not the same as making the computer a symbol of well-tempered educational policy. Theres danger in the message that a child is not fully educated if he or she cant surf the World Wide Wed skillfully, move around in Windows or the Founder, use a word processing program, or program in Logo or Basic.These skills can be learned outside the classroom. Worse, the time it takes students to acquire them is time stolen from the legitimate teaching schedule and thats a bad trade.And what kind of computers should be purchased? Were not talking brand names. Most school systems dont have the money to replace PCs or Macs on the two-to-three-year cycle that shifting technologies demand. On the other hand, $2500the cost of just one computerinvested in books for the school library produces an asset that has, shall we say, a longer shelf life.And who changes the factory culture of schoolrooms to allow computers to be more effective? And who teaches the teachers? These are the really tough issues the ones that more hardware wont solve.Children are best served when schools contribute to shaping the solid foundations on which their future will be built. The student who can read with curiosity and understanding, who has mastered basic mathematical concepts, who can evaluate ideas critically, is the one schools should aim to produce.1.A “no-brainer” in the third sentence of the first paragraph probably means（） .2.Who can determine the proper role of computers in schools?3.According to the author, teaching computer in the school classroom is bad practice because（）.4.In the last paragraph the author implies that（）.5.The authors attitude towards the present way of teaching computers in schools is（）.问题1选项A.something that is taken for grantedB.an idea that is brainless and foolishC.a proposal that is not worthy of serious considerationD.a machine that can never take the place of human brain问题2选项A.Computer suppliersB.Compute educateC.The educated publicD.All of the above问题3选项A.the computer is too expensive a luxury for school pupilsB.the pupils are not intelligently mature enough to master the skillsC.it takes too much time which might have been spent on regular coursesD.the pupils can learn nothing from computer-assisted instruction问题4选项A.computer skills contribute noting to a proper educationB.computer teaching is an indispensable part of an educationC.the fundamental purpose of an education is being ignoredD.teachers should be taught how to teach computer skills问题5选项A.criticalB.objectiveC.positiveD.optimistic【答案】第1题:A第2题:D第3题:C第4题:C第5题:A【解析】1.根据关键词“no-brainer”定位到第一段，结合上下文的意思，孩子们每天带着电脑去上学，在学校允许使用计算机已经有20年了。说明计算机的使用在学校里被认为是理所当然的。选项A正确。2.根据第三段的内容可知，决定计算机在学校中应该起什么作用是一件重要的事，不能仅交由计算机供应商和教育工作者来定，公众也应该有发言权。选项D正确。3.根据第七段的内容可知，这些技能可以在课堂外学到，更糟糕的是它占用了学生们花在学习上的时间。所以选项C符合原文。4.根据最后一段可知，学校的根本任务是为学生的未来打下坚实的基础，学校旨在培养的学生应是具有好奇心和理解力，能掌握数学基本概念，并能对现存的一些观念进行独立评价。言外之意，由于盲目地进行计算机教育，这些基础容易被忽视。选项C符合原文。5.很明显，本文中作者对于在课堂上教计算机是持批判态度的，文中提到了会由此带来的不良影响。所以选项A正确。6. 单选题They did considerable work to（ ） the masses of the United States with the elementary problems of Latin America.问题1选项A.instructB.acquaintC.impartD.dictate【答案】B【解析】固定搭配。acquaint sb. with sth.使某人认识某事。句意：他们做了大量工作，使美国人民了解拉丁美洲的基本问题。选项B符合句意。7. 单选题Whoever has skills and knowledge in this country, I believe, should be properly treated and rewarded（ ） his educational background and family origin.问题1选项A.despite ofB.regardless ofC.let aloneD.because of【答案】B【解析】despite of尽管；regardless of不管，不顾； let alone更不用说，听任；because of因为，由于。句意：我认为，在这个国家无论谁拥有技术和知识，无论他的教育背景和家庭出身如何，都应该得到适当的对待和奖励。选项B符合句意。8. 单选题Rejecting the urging of his physician father to study medicine, Hawking chose to（ ） on math and theoretical physics.问题1选项A.imposeB.centerC.overtookD.concentrate【答案】D【解析】impose on利用，欺骗；center on集中，以为中心；overtook赶上，代替，不与on搭配；concentrate on专注于。句意：霍金拒绝了他的医生父亲学习医学的要求，选择专注于数学和理论物理。选项D符合句意。9. 单选题One of the attractive features of the course was the way the practical work had been（ ） with the theoretical aspects of the subject.问题1选项A.embracedB.alternatedC.adjustedD.integrated【答案】D【解析】动词词义辨析。embraced包含；alternated交替，轮流；adjusted调整；integrated整合，使成为整体。句意：这门课程吸引人的一个特点是：实践工作与该学科理论方面相结合。选项D符合句意。10. 单选题On the side of the hill, there is a（ ）which was once the entrance to a gold mine.问题1选项A.deep hole in groundB.hole deep in groundC.deep hole in the groundD.deep in the ground hole【答案】C【解析】语法知识。形容词修饰名词应放于名词之前，ground（地面）前面应用定冠词。选项C正确。11. 单选题The energy crisis, which is being felt around the world , has dramatized how the careless use of the earths resources has brought the whole world to the brink of disaster. The overdevelopment of motor transport, with its（1）of more cars, more highways , more pollution, more suburbs, more commuting, has（2）to the near-destruction of our cities, and the pollution not only of（3）air , but also of the earth satmosphere. The disaster has arrived in the（4）of the energy crisis.Our present（5）is unlike war, revolution or depression. It is also unlike the great natural disasters of the past. Worldwide resources（6） and energy use have brought us to a state（7）long-range planning is essential. What we need is not a continuation of our present serious state, which（8） the future of our country, our children, and our earth,（9）a movement forward to a new norm in order to work rapidly and effectively on planetary problems.This country has been falling back under the continuing exposures of loss of（10） . There is a strong demand for moral revival and（11）some devotion that is vast enough and yet（12）enough to enlist the devolution of all. In the past it has been only in a war in（13）of their own country（14）any people have been able to（15）themselves wholeheartedly.This is the first time we have been asked to defend ourselves and what we hold dear in（16）with all the other inhabitants of this planet, who（17）with us the same endangered air and the same endangered oceans. There is a（18）need to reassess our present course, and to（19）new methods through which the world can survive. This is priceless（20）.问题1选项A.manufactureB.increaseC.presenceD.expansion问题2选项A.attributedB.contributedC.amountedD.brought问题3选项A.urbanB.ruralC.localD.downtown问题4选项A.formB.caseC.eventD.course问题5选项A.surroundingB.environmentC.circumstanceD.situation问题6选项A.exploitationB.explorationC.explosionD.exposition问题7选项A.thatB.whyC.whenD.where问题8选项A.influencesB.endangersC.restrainsD.transforms问题9选项A.butB.yetC.orD.and问题10选项A.responsibilityB.conscienceC.moralityD.dedication问题11选项A.ofB.byC.withD.for问题12选项A.personalB.collectiveC.compulsoryD.unanimous问题13选项A.protectionB.defenseC.rescueD.maintenance问题14选项A.whenB.whyC.thatD.what问题15选项A.engageB.donateC.sacrificeD.devote问题16选项A.comparisonB.accordanceC.cooperationD.connection问题17选项A.regulateB.exhaustC.dominateD.share问题18选项A.mutualB.commonC.universalD.general问题19选项A.deviseB.alterC.initiateD.modify问题20选项A.challengeB.opportunityC.attemptD.notion【答案】第1题:B第2题:B第3题:C第4题:A第5题:D第6题:A第7题:D第8题:B第9题:A第10题:C第11题:D第12题:A第13题:B第14题:C第15题:D第16题:C第17题:D第18题:B第19题:A第20题:B【解析】（1）根据原文：汽车运输的过度发展，伴随着更多的汽车，更多的高速公路，更多的污染，更多的郊区，更多的通勤，已经导致了我们城市几乎毁灭。选项B符合句意。（2）contributed to导致；attributed to归因于；amounted总计。句意：所有的这些因素导致了城市的近乎毁灭。选项B符合句意。（3）根据原文：不仅污染了当地的空气，而且污染了地球的大气层。选项C包括了其他三个选项，所以更符合原文。（4）in the form of以的形式。这里指这场灾难以能源危机的形式出现。（5）surrounding环境，周围的食物；environment多指自然环境；circumstance境遇；situation情形，情况。句意：我们现在的情况不同于战争、革命或萧条。选项D更符合原文。（6）exploitation开发，开采；exploration探测；explosion爆炸，爆发；exposition展览会。根据原文，这里应该指对资源的开采，选项A正确。（7）先行词是state，where在这里引导主语从句，修饰state。（8）influences影响；endangers 危及；restrains限制；transforms变换，变形。根据原文，这里指由于资源和能源的过度使用，这种状态已经危及到了国家、儿童以及地球的未来，所以选项B正确。（9）根据原文：我们需要的不是继续我们目前严重的状态，而是朝着一种新的规范前进，以便迅速和有效地解决问题。根据上下文可知，这里为转折的关系。选项A符合句意。（10）responsibility责任，义务；conscience良心，道德心；morality道德，美德；dedication奉献。根据原文，这个国家在道德丧失的持续暴露下一直在倒退。选项C符合原文。（11）根据句意可知，and连接并列句，前面是demand for，后面也应该填介词for。（12）personal个人的，亲自的；collective集体的，共同的；compulsory必修的，强制的；unanimous全体一致的。（13）in defense of country保卫国家，为固定搭配。（14）这里为强调句，所以用that引导，不充当任何成分。（15）根据原文：在过去，只有在保卫自己的国家的战争中，任何人都能全心全意地献身于自己的国家。选项D符合原文。（16）comparison比较；accordance一致，和谐；connection连接，关系；in cooperation with与合作。句意：这是我们第一次被要求与地球上所有其他居民合作，保卫我们自己和我们珍视的东西。选项C符合句意。（17）share with sb. 与共享，共同拥有。句意：这些居民与我们共享着同样濒危的空气和同样濒危的海洋。只有选项D能与介词with搭配。（18）mutual彼此的，相互的；universal普遍的；general一般的。这里指共同的需要。（19）devise设计，想出；alter改变；initiate发起，创始；modify修改。想出新的方法。选项A符合原文。（20）challenge 挑战；opportunity 机会，时机；attempt 企图，尝试；notion概念。这是一个无价的机会。选项B符合原文。12. 单选题The purpose of the official inquiry is to（ ）the true facts leading to the loss of the ship at sea.问题1选项A.come atB.come forC.come intoD.come over【答案】A【解析】动词词组辨析。come at达到，得到；come for向冲来；come into进入；come over过来。句意：官方调查的目的是查明导致船舶在海上失踪的真实情况。选项A符合句意。13. 单选题Throughout history man has had to accept the fact that all living things must die. But people now live longer than they（1 ）. Yet, all living things still show the（2） of aging, which will eventually（3） death. Aging is not a disease, (but) as a person passes maturity, the cells of the body and the （4） they form do not function as well as they （5） in childhood and teenage years.The body provides less （6） against disease and is more（7） to have accident. A number of related causes may （8） aging. Some cells of the body have a (fairly) long life, but they are not （9）when they die. As a person ages, （10） of brain cells and muscle cells decreases. （11） body cells die and are replaced by new cells. In an aging person the （12） cells may not be as workable or as capable（13） growth as those of a young person. Another （14）in aging may be changes within the cells（15）. Some of the protein chemicals in cells are known （16） with age and become less elastic. This is why the skin of old people wrinkles and （17）. This is also the reason why old people （18）in height. There may be other more important chemical changes in the cells. Some complex cell chemicals, such as DNA and RNA, store and （19） information that the cells need. Aging may affect this （20） and change the information carrying molecules so that they do not transmit the information as well.问题1选项A.wouldB.be used toC.used toD.used问题2选项A.functionB.effectC.affectD.sign问题3选项A.lead inB.give inC.run intoD.result in问题4选项A.handsB.feetC.heartD.organs问题5选项A.doB.has doneC.didD.had done问题6选项A.energyB.protectionC.vigorD.power问题7选项A.likelyB.probableC.possibleD.alike问题8选项A.attend toB.contribute toC.add toD.devote to问题9选项A.replacedB.rebornC.recoveredD.surrendered问题10选项A.a numberB.the amountC.the numberD.most问题11选项A.The othersB.OthersC.AnotherD.Other问题12选项A.oldB.leftC.newD.other问题13选项A.toB.forC.ofD.in问题14选项A.factorB.effectC.reasonD.element问题15选项A.for themselvesB.of themselvesC.themselvesD.on their own问题16选项A.changeB.to have changedC.to changeD.to being changed问题17选项A.hang looseB.hangs looselyC.is hanging looselyD.is hanging loose问题18选项A.increaseB.shrinkC.lengthenD.decrease问题19选项A.pass awayB.pass byC.pass offD.pass on问题20选项A.improvementB.processionC.approachD.process【答案】第1题:C第2题:B第3题:D第4题:D第5题:C第6题:B第7题:A第8题:B第9题:A第10题:C第11题:D第12题:C第13题:C第14题:A第15题:C第16题:C第17题:A第18题:B第19题:D第20题:D【解析】（1）根据句意：现在人们比以前活得更久。选C表示过去，以前，符合句意。be used to习惯于，不符合句意；选项D中的不定式to不可省略。（2）名词词义辨析。function功能；effect影响，效果，作用；affect影响，为动词，填在此处不合适；sign迹象，描述静态的事物。根据上下文：所有的生物仍然表现出老化的影响。选项B符合原文语境。（3）动词词组辨析。lead in 引入，导入；give in屈服，让步；run into陷入；result in导致，结果是，根据句意：最终导致死亡，选项D符合原文。（4）上下文语义。根据上文提到的cell可知填空处入应为organ （器官），选项D符合原文。其他选项都是具体的器官。（5）语法知识。根据原文可知，为了避免重复，这里用助动词代替function，根据“in childhood and teenage years.”可知时态应该为一般过去式，所以选项C正确。（6）上下文语义。根据原文，身体为抵抗疾病提供的保护也更少，选项B符合句意。（7）固定搭配。be likely to意为：倾向于，很有可能。alike相似的，不符合句意。（8）动词词组辨析。attend to注意，照料，致力于；contribute to有助于，促成，导致；add to添加，增加；devote to贡献。根据句意：许多相关的原因可能会导致衰老。选项B符合句意。（9）上下文语义。根据下文“body cells die and are replaced by new cells”可知，此处也应该填入replaced。句意：人体中有一些细胞寿命相当长，但它们死后不会被替换。（10）语法知识。the amount of+不可数名词，the number of+可数名词，cells为可数名词，所以选项B错误；a number of指许多，the number of表示数目，所