2022-2023年考博英语-郑州大学模拟考试题（含答案解析）第49期

2022-2023年考博英语-郑州大学模拟考试题（含答案解析）1. 单选题The amount of tabloid ink spilled over her 24-year difference in age with her new boyfriend does （ ） her.问题1选项A.rankleB.stir upC.emaciateD.whip up【答案】A【解析】考查动词辨析。A选项rankle“使怨恨；使疼痛；使痛苦”；B选项stir up“激起；煽动；搅拌；唤起”；C选项emaciate“使消瘦；使衰弱；消瘦”；D选项whip up“激起；鞭打”。句意：小报上关于她和新男友之间24岁的年龄差距的报道让她很恼火。本句表示“小道消息所报道的事情让她恼火”，因此A选项正确。2. 单选题Some teenager harbor a generalized resentment against society, which（ ）them the right and privileges of adults, although physically they are mature.问题1选项A.deprivesB.restrictsC.deniesD.rejects【答案】C【解析】考查动词词义辨析。deprive “剥夺”；restrict “限制；约束”； deny “否定，拒绝给与”；reject “限制，约束”。一些青少年为什么会“憎恨社会”，就是因为社会“拒绝给与他们承认的权利和特权”，因此选项C符合题意。3. 单选题Rumor is the most（1）way of spreading stories by passing them on from mouth（2）mouth. But civilized countries in normal times have better（3）of news than rumor. They have radio, television, and newspapers. In times of stress and（4），（5），rumor; （6）and becomes widespread. At such （7）the different kinds of news are in（8）， the press, television, and radio versus the grapevine. Especially（9）rumors spread when war requires censorship（审查，检查）on many important matters. The customary news sources no longer（10）enough information. Since the people cannot learn .（11） legitimate （合法的，正规的）channels all （12）they are anxious to learn, they pick up news （13）they can and when this（14）, rumor thrives. Rumors are often repeated（15）by those who do not believe the tales. There is a fascination about them. The reason is（16）the cleverly designed rumor gives expression to something deep in the hearts of the victims -the fears, suspicions, forbidden hopes, or daydreams which they hesitate to（17）directly. Pessimistic (悲观的) rumors about defeat and disasters show that the people who repeat them are（18）and anxious（19）rumors about record production or peace soon coming point to complacency (满足，自得) or confidence - and often to（20）.问题1选项A.primitiveB.importantC.impossibleD.outstanding问题2选项A.tillB.toC.forD.by问题3选项A.meansB.waysC.sourcesD.resource问题4选项A.confusionB.peaceC.prosperityD.worried问题5选项A.andB.howeverC.soD.therefore问题6选项A.emergesB.immergeC.immerseD.immense问题7选项A.timeB.the timesC.timesD.the time问题8选项A.competeB.competitionC.commonD.harmony问题9选项A.doB.didC.areD.were问题10选项A.give upB.give offC.give outD.send off问题11选项A.throughB.byC.inD.across问题12选项A.whatB.whyC.whichD.that问题13选项A.whereverB.whereC.whateverD.what问题14选项A.happenedB.would happenC.happensD.happen问题15选项A.everB.evenC.foreverD.much问题16选项A.thatB.whatC.whyD.how问题17选项A.actB.voiceC.behaveD.do问题18选项A.happyB.relievedC.crazyD.worried问题19选项A.BadB.PessimisticC.OptimisticD.Good问题20选项A.overconfidenceB.overweightC.over considerateD.overproduce【答案】第1题:A第2题:B第3题:C第4题:A第5题:B第6题:A第7题:C第8题:B第9题:A第10题:C第11题:A第12题:D第13题:A第14题:C第15题:B第16题:A第17题:B第18题:D第19题:C第20题:A【解析】1.考查形容词词义辨析。primitive “原始的”；important “重要的”； impossible “不可能的”；outstanding “杰出的”。根据后一句“but civilized countries ” (但是文明国家)，可知空格处应该填入一个与civilized想对应的词，因此选项A符合题意。2.考查固定搭配。from mouth to mouth “口口相传”，选项B符合题意。3.考查名词词义辨析。means “手段，方法”；ways “方法”；sources “来源”；resource “资源”。后一句提到的radio, television, and newspapers都是消息的来源，因此选项C符合题意。4.考查词义辨析。confusion “混乱；混淆”；peace “和平”；prosperity “繁荣，成功”；worried “担心的”。前面提到在正常时期（in normal times），消息有很多其他来源，空格处所在句子后半句提到“谣言又开始传播”说明不是在正常时期，因此选项A符合题意。5.考查逻辑关系。空格处所在句子前面的句子讲的是正常时期（in normal times），后面讲的是紧张混乱时期（in times of stress and confusion），前后是转折关系，因此选项B符合题意。6.考查动词词义辨析。emerge “出现”；immerge “浸入”；immerse “沉浸，使陷入”；immense “巨大的”，形容词。根据空格处后面的“become widespread”(传播很广)可知前面是“谣言出现”，因此选项A符合题意。7.考查固定搭配。such times 或者 such a time，因此选项C符合题意。8.考查词义辨析。compete “竞争”，动词；competition “竞争；比赛”，名词；common “普通，平民”，名词， “共同的，普通的”，形容词；harmony “协调；和睦”。根据空格处后面的内容“the press, television, and radio versus the grapevine”可知是这几种媒体与小道消息对抗，因此选项B符合题意。9.考查逻辑关系。空格处后面是一个完整的句子，因此空格处填入的词是对谓语动词的强调，且时态是一般现在时，因此选项A符合题意。10.考查词组辨析。give up “放弃”；give off “发出（光等）”；give out “分发，发出”；send off “寄出；派遣”。根据后面的名词information，可知只有C选项与之搭配合理。11.考查介词辨析。根据空格处后面的legitimate channels (正规渠道)可知“人们通过这些渠道知晓”，因此，与channel搭配的介词是through, 选项A符合题意。12.考查定语从句。先行词是all，因此引导词只能用that，选项D符合题意。13.考查逻辑关系。Since引导原因状语从句，“因为人们不能通过正规的渠道获取他们想要的信息”，可以推测主句讲的是“他们从各处能获得消息的地方收集消息”，所以选项A符合题意。14.考查时态。根据空格处后面的rumor thrives可知此处是一般现在时，所以选项C符合题意。15.考查逻辑关系。空格处前面是“谣言经常流传”，空格处后面是“在那些不相信的人中”，前后是递进关系，选项B符合题意“谣言甚至会在那些不相信的人中间流传”。16.考查表语从句。空格处填入的词引导一个表语从句，且不在从句中做任何成分，因此选项A符合题意。17.考查动词词义辨析。act “扮演，表现”；voice “表达，吐露”；behave “表现”；do “做”。空格处所在句子的大意是：他们不愿意直接表露出来。选项B符合题意。18.考查形容词词义辨析。happy “高兴”；relieved “放心的”；crazy “疯狂的”；worried “担心的”。主语是pessimistic rumors (悲观的谣言)，这种谣言会让人“担心且忧虑”，因此选项D符合题意。19.考查形容词词义辨析。前面提到pessimistic rumors, 此处应与之相对，所以选项C符合题意。20.考查名词词义辨析。overconfidence “自负；过分相信”；overweight “超重”；over considerate “过度体贴”；overproduce “过度生产”。 前面提到了complacency or confidence，空格处在此基础上递进，因此选项A符合题意。4. 单选题After the concert, the clean-up crew found the ground （ ） with papers, bottles and cans.问题1选项A.scrubbedB.usedC.litteredD.dispersed【答案】C【解析】考查动词辨析。A选项scrubbed“擦洗；废止；揉搓”；B选项used“用”；C选项littered“乱丢；给垫褥草；把弄得乱七八糟；乱扔废弃物”；D选项dispersed“分散；传播”。句意：音乐会结束后，清扫人员发现地上布满包装纸和瓶瓶罐罐。本句表示“包装纸和瓶瓶罐罐被乱扔在地上”，因此C选项正确。5. 单选题The study shows that laying too much emphasis on exams is likely to（ ）students enthusiasm in learning English.问题1选项A.hold outB.hold offC.hold downD.hold back【答案】C【解析】考查词组辨析。hold out “坚持；伸出；提供”； hold off “拖延；不接近”； hold down “抑制；压制”；hold back “隐瞒；退缩”。根据前后 “将太多重心放在考试”与“同学们学习英语的热情”这二者的逻辑关系可知选项C符合题意，前者会“抑制”后者。6. 单选题Could you possibly（ ）me at the next committee meeting?问题1选项A.come up withB.make up forC.do away withD.stand in for【答案】D【解析】考查短语。come up with “提出，想出”；make up for “补偿，弥补”；do away with “废除，去掉”；stand in for “代替”。将四个选项代入空格处只有选项D符合。7. 单选题I was very pleased（ ）the room you provided（ ）me.问题1选项A./, toB./, forC.with, toD.with, for【答案】D【解析】考查固定搭配。be pleased with“对感到满意”；provide sth. for sb.“向某人提供某物”。句意：我对你为我提供的房间非常满意。因此D选项正确。8. 单选题The board of Directors decided that more young men who were qualified would be（ ）important positions.问题1选项A.inserted intoB.furnished withC.installed inD.attributed to【答案】C【解析】考查短语搭配。insert into “插入，写入”； furnished with “提供”； installed in “把安装于”；attribute to “归因于”。根据young man 与 important positions可知是将“合格的年轻人放到重要的位置”，选项C符合题意。9. 单选题No one could come up with an easy solution to the governments predicamentlabor（ ）which is caused by the world financial crisis.问题1选项A.declineB.shortageC.rarityD.vacancy【答案】D【解析】考查名词词义辨析。decline “下降；衰退”； shortage “缺乏；不足”; rarity “罕见；珍贵”；vacancy “空缺，空白”。根据governments predicament “政府困境”与financial crisis “经济危机”，可知空格处是要表达“劳动力短缺”的意思，选项D符合题意。10. 单选题I dont understand what youre getting so worked up about it. Its really not a problem.问题1选项A.unconcernedB.concernedC.angryD.happy【答案】C【解析】考查形容词辨析。A选项unconcerned“不关心的；无关的；无忧虑的”；B选项concerned“有关的；关心的”；C选项angry“生气的；愤怒的；狂暴的；（伤口等）发炎的”；D选项happy“幸福的；高兴的；巧妙的”。句意：我不明白你为什么这么生气。这真的不是问题。本句关键词worked up表示“激动的，生气的”，四个选项中C选项最合适，因此C选项正确。11. 翻译题Translate the following part into English.纵观国际国内大势，我国发展仍处于可以大有作为的重要战略机遇期。我们要准确判断重要战略机遇期内涵和条件的变化，全面把握机遇，沉着应对挑战，赢得主动，赢得优势，赢得未来，确保到2020年实现全面建设成小康社会的宏伟目标。【答案】An examination of both the current international and domestic environments shows that China remains in an important period of strategic opportunities for its development, a period in which much can be achieved. We need to have a correct understanding of the changing nature and conditions of this period, seize all opportunities, respond with cool-headedness to challenges, and gain initiative and advantages to win the future and attain the goal of completing the building of a moderately prosperous society in all respects by 2020.12. 单选题The leaders of the two countries feel it desirable to（ ）funds from armaments to health and education.问题1选项A.divertB.changeC.convertD.derive【答案】A【解析】考查动词词义辨析。divert “转移”； change “改变”；convert “使转变”； derive “源于”。根据空格处后面的“fromto”可知是将资金从一个地方转到另一个地方，因此选项A符合题意。13. 单选题David（ ）his companys success to the unity of all the staff and their persevering hard work.问题1选项A.pledgedB.contributedC.acknowledgedD.attributed【答案】D【解析】考查动词词义辨析。pledge “保证；许诺”； contribute “贡献，出力”； acknowledge “承认，答谢”；attribute “归属；把归于”。根据关键词success可知空格处的意思是“将成功归功于”，因此选项D符合题意。14. 单选题Inflation is an economic condition in（1）prices for consumer goods（2）and the（3）of money or purchasing power decreases.There are three important causes of inflation. The first and most important cause may be excessive government spending. For example, in order to（4）a war or carry （5）social programs, the government may spend more money than it has received through taxes and other revenue, thus creating a deficit. In order to（6）this deficit, the Treasury Department can simply（7） the money supply by issuing more paper money to（8） the debts of government. This increase in the money supply will cause the value of the dollar to（9）decrease. The second cause of inflation occurs when the money supply increases faster than the supply of goods.（10）people have more money, they will run out to buy popular goods(11television and computers, for example, and a shortage will result.Industry will then produce more, at higher prices, to（12）demand.（13）, if people think that the prices of popular goods are going up, they will buy and even borrow money at high （14）rates to pay for them. Finally, if labor unions demand that works wages（15）to（16）the high cost of living, industry will meet his demand and add other cost of production on to the（17）.（18）summary, all of these causes can（19）inflationary problems that can affect the welfare of a nation. However, of these three causes, （20）government spending may be the most important.问题1选项A.thatB.whatC.whichD.this问题2选项A.raiseB.increaseC.decreaseD.lower问题3选项A.priceB.costC.valueD.spending问题4选项A.payB.offerC.fightD.finance问题5选项A.awayB.offC.onD.out问题6选项A.offsetB.compensateC.exchangeD.accomplish问题7选项A.extendB.expandC.spendD.explore问题8选项A.meetB.respondC.spendD.return问题9选项A.automaticallyB.exceedinglyC.timelyD.excessively问题10选项A.For fear thatB.WhetherC.IfD.Though问题11选项A.ofB.likeC.asD.except问题12选项A.supplyB.satisfyC.plentyD.comply问题13选项A.FurthermoreB.OtherwiseC.NeverthelessD.However问题14选项A.interestingB.uninterestingC.interestedD.interest问题15选项A.be increasedB.increasedC.should increaseD.increase问题16选项A.protestB.restrictC.imposeD.cover问题17选项A.controllerB.managerC.consumerD.employer问题18选项A.ByB.AtC.OnD.In问题19选项A.createB.inventC.resultD.discover问题20选项A.productiveB.insufficientC.excessiveD.processing【答案】第1题:C第2题:B第3题:C第4题:D第5题:D第6题:A第7题:B第8题:A第9题:A第10题:C第11题:B第12题:B第13题:A第14题:D第15题:A第16题:D第17题:C第18题:D第19题:A第20题:C【解析】1.考查定语从句。分析句子结构可知，空格处缺少一个引导定语从句的引导词，先行词是economic condition，介词后面的定语从句引导词不能用that，因此选项C符合题意。2.考查逻辑关系。根据后面的purchasing power decreases可推断空格处的动词应该与decrease相反，所以选项B符合题意。3.考查逻辑关系。根据并列连词or可知其前后的内容是相近的，因此 the _ of money应该与 purchasing power意思相近，因此选项C符合题意。4.考查动词词义辨析。pay “支付”； offer “提供”； fight “与打仗”; finance “负担经费”。后面提到政府spend more money（花更多的钱），可知前面是花钱在战争上，因此finance a war 符合题意。5.考查词组辨析。carry away “运走，使失去自制力”; carry off “夺去，夺得”； carry on “继续，参与”；carry out “实施”。与social program搭配的动词词组是carry out，所以选项D符合题意。6.考查固定搭配。offset “抵消；补偿”;compensate “补偿，赔偿”； exchange “交换”；accomplish “完成，实现”。offset deficit “弥补财政赤字”为固定搭配，选项A符合题意。7.考查动词词义辨析。extend “延伸”；expand “扩张”；spend “度过，花费”； explore “探索”。根据后面issuing more paper money可知前面是在扩大纸币供应，因此选项B符合题意。8.考查固定搭配。meet debts是“偿清债务”的固定搭配，选项A符合题意。9.考查副词词义辨析。automatically “自动地”；exceedingly “非常；极其”；timely “及时地”；excessively “过分地”。空格处所在句子的大意是：货币供应量的增加将会导致货币价值自动下降。因此选项A符合题意。10.考查条件状语从句。根据后面的主句they will run out，主句使用将来时态可知空格处所在的分句是一个条件状语从句，因此选项C符合题意。11.考查介词词义辨析。television and computers属于popular goods，前者是对后者具体的举例说明，因此选项B符合题意。12.考查词义辨析。supply “供给，提供”；satisfy “满足，说服”； plenty “足够的”；comply “遵守，遵从”。Industry will then produce more, at higher prices “工厂会以更高的价格生产更多的产品”，to 表目的，“为了满足需求”，选项B符合题意。13.考查逻辑关系。根据 if people think that the prices of popular goods are going up （如果人们认为快销产品的价格正在上涨），可知与前句是一个递进的关系，因此选项A符合题意。14.考查固定搭配。interest rate “利率”是固定用法，选项A符合题意。15.考查虚拟语气。demand后接宾语从句时，从句的谓语一般要用虚拟语气：should + 动词原形，其中should可以省略；此外，works wages与动词increase之间是被动关系，因此要用被动式，选项A符合题意。16.考查固定搭配。cover the cost “支付费用”是固定用法，选项D符合题意。17.考查名词词义辨析。controller “控制器”；manager “经理，管理人员”；consumer “消费者，用户”； employer “老板，雇主”。空格处所在句子的大意是：生产方为满足要求会将生产成本加在消费者身上，因此选项C符合题意。18.考查固定搭配。in summary “概括起来，总之”是固定用法，选项D符合题意。19.考查动词词义辨析。all of these causes can 79 inflationary problems （所有这些因素都可能导致通货膨胀问题），四个选项中A与C都有“导致”的意思，但是result通常与介词in连用，因此选项A符合题意。20.考查词义辨析。productive “能生产的”；insufficient “不足的”；excessive “过多的”； processing “加工”。文章讲述了导致通货膨胀的三个因素，第二段第二句话The first and most important cause may be excessive government spending，由此可知选项C符合题意。15. 单选题The translator must have an excellent, up-to-date knowledge of his source languages, full facility in the handling of his target language, which will be his mother tongue or language of habitual（1）and a knowledge and understanding of the latest subject-matter in his field of specialization. This is, as it （2），his professional equipment (素养). （3）this, it is desirable that he should have an inquiring mind, wide interests, a good memory and the ability to grasp quickly the basic（4）of new developments. He should be willing to work（5）his own, often at high speeds, but should be humble enough to consult others（6）his own knowledge not always prove adequate to the task in hand. He should be able to type fairly quickly and accurately and, if he is working mainly for publication, should have more than a nodding（7）with printing techniques and proof-reading. If he is working basically .（8）an information translator, let us say, for an industrial company, he should have the flexibility of mind to enable him to （9）rapidly from one source language to another, as well as from one subject-matter to another,（10）this ability is frequently（11）of him in such work. Bearing in mind the nature of the translators work, i.e. the processing of the written word, it is, strictly speaking,（12）that he should be to speak the languages he is dealing with. If he does speak them, it is an advantage（13）a hindrance (障碍)，but this skill is in many ways a luxury that he can（14）with. It is, （15）, desirable（16）he should have an approximate idea about the pronunciation of his source languages even if this is restricted to（17）how proper names and place names are pronounced. The same（18）to an ability to write his source languages. If he can, well and good; if he cannot, it does not（19）. There are many other skills and（20）that are desirable in a translator.问题1选项A.useB.usageC.utilityD.application问题2选项A.should beB.would beC.wasD.were问题3选项A.Because ofB.More thanC.Except forD.In addition to问题4选项A.truthB.reasonC.theoryD.principle问题5选项A.forB.onC.byD.of问题6选项A.becauseB.whenC.shouldD.if问题7选项A.skillB.knowledgeC.acquaintanceD.familiarity问题8选项A.asB.outC.forD.with问题9选项A.transformB.changeC.turnD.switch问题10选项A.whileB.sinceC.thoughD.therefore问题11选项A.requiredB.lackedC.facedD.confronted问题12选项A.advantageousB.essentialC.unnecessaryD.useless问题13选项A.overB.rather thanC.despiteD.instead问题14选项A.dealB.concernC.workD.do away问题15选项A.consequentlyB.accordinglyC.thusD.however问题16选项A.andB.ifC.thatD.when问题17选项A.knowingB.having knownC.knowD.have known问题18选项A.amountsB.comesC.refersD.applies问题19选项A.matterB.mindC.harmD.work问题20选项A.characteristicsB.distinctionsC.qualitiesD.features【答案】第1题:A第2题:D第3题:D第4题:D第5题:B第6题:C第7题:C第8题:A第9题:D第10题:B第11题:A第12题:C第13题:B第14题:D第15题:D第16题:C第17题:A第18题:D第19题:A第20题:C【解析】1.考查名词词义辨析。use “使用”，侧重指为到达某一目的而利用某人或某物；usage “使用”，侧重被很多人公认的惯例，习俗; utility “实用”，指有效地使用某物使其发挥效用；application “应用”，侧重指将理论用到某种特殊情况。此处是指为了到达沟通目的而使用语言，因此选项A符合题意。2.考查词组辨析。as it should be “应当，适当”；as it would be “好像，仿佛”； as it was “事实上，结果却是”；as it were “可以说是，似乎就是，好像”。根据语境，选项D符合题意。3.考查逻辑关系。空格处后面提到的inquiring mind, wide interests, a good memory等与前一句所提到的成为译者的素养是平行关系，因此空格处填入D符合题意，意思是除了前面提到的这些能力，还包括inquiring mind, wide interests, a good memory等。4.考查名词词义辨析。truth “真理”; reason “原因”； theory “理论”；principle “原理，原则”。根据new development可知此处大意是“快速掌握新进展的基本原理的能力”，选项D符合题意。5.考查固定搭配。on ones own “依靠自己”，选项B符合题意。6.考查倒装句。由空格后否定句his own knowledge not always prove adequate to the task in hand中没有助动词可推测这里是用倒装句来表示条件分句，选项C符合题意。7.考查固定搭配。skill与of连用; knowledge 常与of连用；acquaintance with “了解，知道”；familiarity with “熟悉”。由于空格前的more than“多于，超出”以及译者的专业不是出版方面可知“了解”符合语境，选项C符合题意。8.考查固定搭配。work as “担任，以身份而工作”，因此选项A符合题意。9.考查固定搭配。将一种语言转变成另一种语言，用switch适合，选项D符合题意。10.考查逻辑关系。根据前后关系可知此处应该填入一个表示“既然或由于”意思的单词，因此选项B符合题意。11.考查固定搭配。require sth. of sb.“要求某人某事”，选项A符合题意。12.考查形容词词义辨析。advantageous “有利的，有益的”；essential “基本的，必要的”；unnecessary “不必要的，多余的”； useless “无用的，无效的”。前面提到译者的工作性质是处理书面文字，因此对于讲那门语言是没有必要的，因此选项C符合题意。13.考查逻辑关系。前一句提到没有必要讲这门语言，而如果他会讲这门语言，属于一种优势，而不会是阻碍，因此rather than “而不是”符合题意。14.考查固定短语。deal with “处理，涉及”；concern with “使关心”；work with “与共事”；do away with “废除，去掉”。根据表示转折的并列连词but可知此处指“译者可以不掌握说这些语言的技能”，因此选项D符合题意。15.考查逻辑关系。前一句提到译者可以不掌握说这些语言的技能，后面提到他应该对源语言的发音有一个大致的概念（he should have an approximate idea about the pronunciation of his source languages），可以看着前后有一个转折关系，因此选项D符合题意。16.考查固定搭配。It is desirable that + 从句，“.是合适的”。选项C符合题意。17.考查固定搭配。be restricted to doing sth. “限制做某事”，这里表示一般时态，因此选项A符合题意。18.考查固定搭配。amount to “相当于，总计为”; come to “想起，共计”；refer to “参考，涉及”； apply to “适用于”。空格处所在句子的大意是：同样的道理也适用于写源语言。选项D符合题意。19.考查固定搭配。It does not matter “没关系，不要紧”，空格处所在句子的大意是：如果译者没有书写源语言的能力，也没关系。选项A符合题意。20.考查名词词义辨析。characteristics “特征，特点”； distinction “区别”；quality “质量，品质”； feature “特色，特征”。由and可知空格处所在的单词与skill表示的意思相似，由前文professional equipment可知此处表达的是“其他技能和品质”，因此选项C符合题意。16. 不定项选择题The University of California study has linked behavior in young children（56）the type of job their mother has. Mothers with complex occupations that are self-directed and require working with other people（57）to have offspring with relatively low levels of behavior problems. The opposite held（58）when the jobs were routine, closely supervised, and dealt with things, rather than people.“A job that challenges and interests a mother and gives her an opportunity to exercise judgment and solve problems clearly has（59）consequences for her childrens behavior,” indicates（60）pr