2022年考博英语-广西大学考试题库（难点、易错点剖析）附答案有详解8

2022年考博英语-广西大学考试题库（难点、易错点剖析）附答案有详解1. 单选题What worried the child most was（ ）to visit his mother in the hospital.问题1选项A.his not allowingB.his not being allowedC.his being not allowedD.having not been allowed【答案】B【解析】句意:最担心的是:不允许小孩去看望医院的妈妈。语法题。考查动名词的否定。was是系动词，故后面需要用名词性的词充当表语。动名词的否定形式为:not+动名词。因此排除C和D。由于allow与逻辑主语child形成被动关系，即使用被动语态。因此选B项。2. 单选题The decline of marriage: For richer, for smarterThe traditional family is now the preserve of a minority. Marriage, and its many ups and downs, still exercises a powerful hold over newspapers, magazines and the airwaves. Nearly 23m Americans watched Prince William being joined in holy matrimony to Kate Middleton. Millions more have wallowed in the break-up of Arnold Schwarzeneggers marriage after revelations that he fathered a son with a maid. And the tumescent tweets of congress man Anthony Weiner have stirred up endless speculation about the health of his own year-old marriage and the forbearance of his newly pregnant wife.Less titillating are revelations about the sorry state of marriage across the United States. Data from the Census Bureau show that married couples, for the first time, now make up less than half (45%) of all households.The iconic American family, with mom, dad and kids under one roof, is fading. In ever, state the numbers of unmarried couples, childless households and single-person households are growing faster than those comprised of married people with children, finds the 2010 census. The latter accounted for 43% of households in 1950; they now account for just 20%. And the trend has a potent class dimension. Traditional marriage has evolved from a near-universal rite to a luxury for the educated and affluent.There barely was a marriage gap in 1960: only four percentage points separated the wedded ways of college and high-school graduates (76% versus 72%). The gap has since widened to 16 percentage points, according to the Pew Research Centre. A Census Bureau analysis released this spring found that brides are significantly more likely to have a college degree than they were in the mid-1990s.“Marriage has become much more selective, and thats why the divorce rate has come down,” said Bradford Wilcox, become much more selective, and thats why the divorce rate has come down,” said Bradford Wilcox, director of the National Marriage Project at the University of Virginia in Charlottesville. The project found that divorce rates for couples with college degrees are only a third as high as for those with a high-school degree.Americans with a high-school degree or less (who account for 58% of the population) tell researchers they would like to marry, but do not believe they can afford it. Instead, they raise children out of wedlock. Only 6% of children born to college-educated mothers were born outside marriage, according to the National Marriage Project. That compares with 44% of babies born to mothers whose education ended with high school.Less marriage means less income and more poverty， reckons Isabel Sawhill, a senior fellow at the Brookings Institution. She and other researchers have linked as much as half of the income inequality in family composition: single-parent families (mostly those with a high-school degree or less) are getting poorer while married couples (with educations and dual incomes) are increasingly well-off. This is a striking gap that is not well understood by the public. she says.Do not expect the Democratic Party, however, to make an issue of the marriage gap in next years elections. Unmarried women voted overwhelmingly for Barack Obama. You dont want to suggest to someone who isnt married and has children that they should be married. says Ms Sawhill. “That is a denigration of their lifestyle.1. According to the passage,（ ）.2. Which of the following is True?3. The divorce rate has come down because（ ）.4. “Less marriage means less income and more poverty” is（ ）.5. Unmarried women Voted overwhelmingly for Barack Obama because （ ）.问题1选项A.less than half (45%) or people preserve the traditional marriage.B.nearly 23m Americans was sad at the break-up of Arnold Schwarzeneggers marriage.C.the iconic American family still dominates newspapers, Magazines and the airwaves.D.the numbers of unmarried couples, childless households and single-person households grow by 20%.问题2选项A.Traditional marriage is a luxury for the educated and rich now.B.The state of marriage across the United States is titillating.C.The marriage gap is narrowed nowD.Girls with a college degree are easy to get married.问题3选项A.there are more selections in marriage.B.marriage couples are of high-school degree.C.people are more careful in marriage selection.D.people are unwilling to get married.问题4选项A.a very popular sayingB.not well understoodC.well received.D.research finding问题5选项A.marriage is a lifestyle to them.B.they want to get marriedC.marriage is sorry them.D.they cannot afford marriage financially【答案】第1题:A第2题:A第3题:C第4题:D第5题:A【解析】1.判断推理题。A:不到一半（45%）的人保留传统婚姻。根据第二段“Data from the Census Bureau show that married couples, for the first time, now make up less than half （45%） of all households (人口普查局的 数据显示已婚夫妇现在占全部家庭的比例不到一半（45%）,这是首次出现这种情况)”可知A项正确。B:近2300万美国人对阿诺德施瓦辛格的婚姻破裂感到悲伤。根据第一段“Nearly 23m Americans watched Prince William being joined in holy matrimony to Kate Middleton (近 2300 万美国人收看 了威廉王子迎娶凯特米德尔顿（Kate Middleton）的神圣婚礼)”可知B项不正确。C:这个标志性的美国家庭仍然主宰着报纸、杂志和广播。根据第 段“Marriage, and its many ups and downs, still exercises a powerful hold over newspapers, magazines and the airwaves (婚姻、婚姻里的悲欢离合仍然强有力地占据着报纸、杂志的版面和广播电视的节目)”可排除C项。D: 未婚夫妇、无子女家庭、单身家庭增长20%。根据第三段“The latter accounted for 43% of households in 1950; they now account for just 20% (1950 年后者（有孩子的已婚夫妇组成家庭）占全部家庭的43%；现在只占20%)”可排除D项。因此，本题选A。2.判断推理题。A:传统婚姻对现在的受过教育的富人来说是一种奢侈。根据第三段“Traditional marriage has evolved from a near-universal rite to a luxury for the educated and affluent (传统婚姻普遍被视为习俗，现在它已经进化为受教育人群和具有经济实力的人群所享有的奢侈品)”可知A项正确。B:整个美国的婚姻现状让人感到兴奋。根据第二段“Less titillating are revelations about the sorry state of marriage across the United States (美国人自己婚姻的糟糕状况则不那么令人感到 兴奋)”可排除B项。C:现在婚姻差距缩小了。第四段指出:大学毕业和高中毕业生的结婚率差距越来越大，如今已经达到16%。因此排除C项。D:拥有大学文凭的女孩更容易结婚，文章并未提及。因此，本题选A。3.细节事实题。根据题干定位至第五段: Marriage has become much more selective, and thats why the divorce rate has come down (选择结婚对象时更加地精挑细选，这就是为什么离婚率降低了)。因此C项“人们在选择婚姻时更加谨慎”正确。4.判断推理题。根据题干定位至倒数第二段: Less marriage means less income and more poverty,”reckons Isabel Sawhill, a senior fellow at the Brookings Institution (婚姻减少意味着收入减少、贫困增加”，布鲁金斯学会的资深研究员伊莎贝尔索希尔这样认为)。因此可推测，这句活应该是“一个研究发现”的结论。因此D项正确。5.判断推理题。最后一段最后一句指出: You dont want to suggest to someone who isnt married and has children that they should be married,”says Ms Sawhill. “That is a denigration of their lifestyle.”(“你别想建议某个没结婚又有小孩的人去结婚，”索希尔女士说，“那样子是对她们生活方式的诋毁”)。因A项“婚姻对她们而言是一种生活方式”正确。3. 单选题Coffee is the（ ）of this district and brings local farmers a lot of money.问题1选项A.majorityB.stapleC.spiceD.elite【答案】B【解析】句意:咖啡是这个地区的主要产品，给当地农民带来很多收入。考查名词辨析。majority 大部分，大多数；staple 主要产品，订书钉，主食；spice 香料，调味品，风味；elite 上层人士，掌权人物，精英。故B项符合句意。4. 单选题（ ）is quite natural, a beginner cant read the books written in English very quickly.问题1选项A.WhichB.AsC.WhatD.It【答案】B【解析】句意:初学者不能很快地阅读英文原版书是很正常的。语法题。考查非限制性定语从句。as引导非限制性定语从句的时候，表示“正如 那样”的含义。as指代的是后面的句子“a beginner cant read the books written in English very quickly，而此处不用which,是因为定语从句中的which 不能放在句首。5. 单选题（ ）to somebody, a British person often shakes hands with the stranger.问题1选项A.IntroducingB.To introduceC.To be introducedD.On being introduced【答案】D【解析】句意:当英国人在被介绍给别人的时候，经常喜欢和陌生人握手。6. 单选题Its said that（ ）is going to give us a lecture.问题1选项A.an American famous youngB.a famous American youngC.a famous young AmericanD.a young famous American【答案】C【解析】句意:据说，一个著名的美国年轻人会给我们演讲。语法题。考查形容词的顺序位置。famous是描绘性形容词，应放在前面；American指的是国籍，表示“美国人”，应该放在young之后。因此选C项。7. 单选题How long（ ）each other before they（ ）married?For about a year.问题1选项A.have they known; getB.did they know; were going to getC.do they know; are going to getD.had they known; got【答案】D【解析】句意:你们结婚之前，你们认识了多久？大概1年。语法题。考查时态。结婚是已过去的事，因此，“结 婚”用过去式。那么，他们互相了解的约一年的时间肯定发生在结婚前，所以， 发生在过去某一动作之前的动作，应该使用过去完成吋。因此D项正确。8. 单选题I you somewhere before, but your name has escaped me（ ）.问题1选项A.must see; for a momentB.must have seen; for a momentC.must see: for the momentD.must have seen; for the moment【答案】D【解析】句意:我之前肯定看见过你，但是想不出你的名字。语法题。考查情态动词和短语辨析。前半句表示对过去发生的事的肯定推断。因此,前面填 “must have seen”表示“已经看见过”。 for a moment表示 “(延续了)一会儿” 而for the moment则表示“目前；暂时”。因此D符合句意。9. 单选题Those mosquito bites will itch even more if you（ ）them.问题1选项A.rubB.scratchC.scrubD.brush【答案】B【解析】句意:如果你挠蚊虫叮咬的地方，会更痒。考查动词辨析。rub 摩擦;scratch 挠，搔;scrub 擦洗，刷洗； brush （用刷子）刷净。因此B正确。10. 单选题The moment my mother came home after a days work she lit the fire and（ ）making the soup.问题1选项A.set asideB.set aboutC.set offD.set up【答案】B【解析】句意:在工作了一整天后，我妈一下班，她就打开火，开始熬汤。考查短语辨析。set aside 不理会，放置一方；set about 开始做，着手做 set off 出发；set up 建立。因此B项符合句意。11. 单选题There are increasingly fraught relationships that adults are having with children in all walks of life, from the police to politicians, within the public sector and within communities themselves. The fear of young people has changed the way society is policed: how pupils are treated in schools and how insecure adults relate to children on their estates. Rather than children and young people becoming more violent and anti-social, it is adults who have changed, having fewer relationships with young people and becoming less confident in their dealings with them.We must explore the role that crime and safety initiatives have on the outlook of the public. The attempt by government, council departments, the police and many others to reduce the fear within communities by developing safety initiatives is having the opposite effect, resulting in the institutionalization of this fear. Curfews have increased adults fear of young people and reduced the amount of time that young children are allowed out to play. They have raised the level of insecurity amongst parents about the safety of their children and ultimately reduced the contact between generations within this community. It is not far from the truth to say that youth no longer existsif by youth we mean the freedom loving rebelliousness. The outcome of this process is breeding a generation of young people who are if anything more fragile and fearful than their grandparents.Finally, as well as exploring the fear of young people, we must look at the insecurity that parents have for their children. There has been a reduction in play, and specifically in “free play”，and the effect of this more regulated environment on childrens lives is yet to be determined and not something we can continually ignore in our rush to protect society from children.1. The author is mainly directing his message towards（ ）.2. The first paragraph is mainly about（ ）.3. The author sees safety initiatives as part of the problem because（ ）.4. The author believes its possible to say youth no longer exists because（ ）.5. To correct the problem the author discusses we are advised to（ ）.问题1选项A.adults in generalB.the younger generationC.law enforcement authoritiesD.parents问题2选项A.the way younger people have changedB.the change in attitude and treatment towards youthC.the fewer relationships between youth and adultsD.the fear that youth and adults have towards each other问题3选项A.they actually cause more rebelliousnessB.they are unpopular with young peopleC.they worsen relationships and create more fearD.they reduce the play young people can use to expend energy问题4选项A.youth have no more rebellion and freedomB.youth are indistinguishable in character from their grandparentsC.they are not allowed to voice their opinionsD.they do not love freedom they should have问题5选项A.stop being so insecure towards childrenB.let children play moreC.study the roots and effects of our fearD.stop regulating childrens lives【答案】第1题:A第2题:B第3题:C第4题:A第5题:A【解析】1.判断推理题。文章主要从几个方而分析和讨论了社会（成年人）对年轻人的恐惧的原因。因此，这篇文章的受众应该是“总体的成年人”。因此选A。2.判断推理题。题干意为:第一段主要讲什么? 第一段主要分析了成年人对孩子的态度改变一一变得关系疏远和没有信心，影响了两者之间的紧张关系。因此B项“对青年的态度和待遇的”正确。3.判断推理题。题干意为:作者把安全措施看作问题的一部分，是因为什么？第二段指出: The attempt by government, council departments, the police and many others to reduce the fear within communities by developing safety initiatives is having the opposite effect, resulting in the institutionalization of this fear (政府、议会者、警察和其-他人通过采取安全措施以减少社区的恐惧，这反而产生负面的结果，进而导致这种对年轻人恐惧的制度化)。Curfews have increased adults fear of young people and reduced the amount of time that young children are allowed out to play (戒严已经增加了成年人对年轻人的恐惧，减少了年轻小伙的外出玩耍时间)。They have raised the level of insecurity amongst parents about the safety of their children and ultimately reduced the contact between generations within this community (他们还在父母们中间提高了关于孩子安全的不安全感。并且，最终减少社区中一代人之间的联系)。因此，C项“他们恶化了关系并且制造更多担忧/恐惧”正确。4.判断推理题。题干意为:作者认为，为什么可以说年轻人不再存在？第二段指出: It is not far from the truth to say that youth no longer existsif by youth we mean the freedom loving rebelliousness. The outcome of this process is breeding a generation of young people who are if anything more fragile and fearful than their grandparents (如果我们的青年意味着热爱自由的叛逆，那么，可以说， 青年不再存在。这一过程的结果是在培养一代年轻人，如果有这种情况的话， 是在培养一代比他们祖父母更脆弱和更恐惧的年轻人)。因此，作者认为，年轻人可以说不再存在，是由于社会的各种管制而导致他们没有青春应该有的热爱自由，变得更加脆弱和恐惧。故选A项“青年人没有更多的叛逆和自由”。5.判断推理题。题干意为:为了纠正作者讨论的问题，我们应该怎么做？最后一段指出: Finally, as well as exploring the fear of young people, we must look at the insecurity that parents have for their children. There has been a reduction in play, and specifically in “free play”，and the effect of this more regulated environment on childrens lives is yet to be determined and not something we can continually ignore in our rush to protect society from children (最后，分析对年轻人的恐惧，我们必须观察父母对孩子的不安全感。在玩耍中，这种不安全感己经减少，尤其在自由玩耍中，更规范的环境对孩子生活的影响尚未确定，而且，在我们急于保护社会不受孩子们干扰的过程中，这也是我们不能继续忽视的东西)。由此可知，A项“停止对孩子产生如此的不安全感”正确。12. 单选题Nearly（ ）of the surface of our planet is covered by water.问题1选项A.seven-tenB.seven-tenthC.seven-tenthsD.seventh-ten【答案】C【解析】句意:将近十分之七的地球表面由水覆盖。语法题。考查数词。分数词的分子是基数词，分母是序数词。但是，分子除 了 1以外，其他分母的序数词要用复数。故选C。13. 单选题You forgot your keys when you left home in the morning.Good heavens,（ ）.问题1选项A.so did I.B.so I did.C.so you did.D.so did you.【答案】B【解析】句意:早上，你离开家的吋候，忘记拿钥匙了。天啦，是的！语法题。考查省略。第一句的you和第二句的I是同一个人。根据句意关系， 后句是表示同意上文陈述的内容，而第一句主句的动词是forgot （过去时），因此“sol did”表示“确实”，符合句意和结构，助动词需与前文保持时态一致。因此B项正确。14. 单选题By afternoon, it was impossible to（ ）the heat, so we stopped working and wentinside.问题1选项A.maskB.endureC.defeatD.shelter【答案】B【解析】句意:到下午了，我们不可能忍受炎热，因此，我们要停止工作，回到室内。考查动词辨析。mask 掩藏；endure 忍耐，容忍；defeat 战胜，击败；shelter保护，庇护。根据宾语the heat热度可知，B项正确。15. 问答题Directions: This part consists of a short passage. In this passage, there are altogether 10 mistakes, one in each numbered line. You may have to change a word, add o word, or delete a word. Mark out the mistakes and put the corrections in the blanks provided on the Answer Sheet. If you change a word, underline it and write the correct word in the corresponding blank. If you add a word, put an insertion mark () in the right place and -write the missing word in the blank. If you delete a word, underline it and put a slash (/) in the blank.【答案】1.brand改成brands2.distinguish改成differ3.manufacturer改成manufacturers4.at改成in5.much改成little6.to改成with7.their改成its8.unpleasant改成pleasant9.need改成needs10.advertised改成advertising【解析】1.词汇错误单复数。根据前面的“several different很多不同的”可知，此处的brand应该是复数名词，故应该是brands“品牌”。2.搭配错误。distinguish A from B 表示“区分 A 和 B”，但是， 此处表示“两者差别不大，两者没有什么不同”，因此，根据搭配应该为：differ from “与不同”。3.语法错误比较结构平行关系。此处是比较两个“manufacturers tooth paste 厂商的牙好”，因此，后面的 manufacture 应该加上“s” 的所有格，与前面保持一致，即需要体现比较对象“牙膏”。4.固定搭配。vary in 在方面变化；在方面有差异。5.词汇错误程度形容词。该处句意为:这些因素使得店家没有太多理由去选择某一种商品。故much应该改成little才符合句意。6.固定搭配。be confronted with 面对。7.代词错误。主语是“each manufacturing company”, 而后文的代 词指的就是“每个生产公司”，故代词应该用单数，即its。8.词汇错误形容词。前文谈及两种广告类型，目的是吸引买者或潜在买者，因此，此处应该是用“something pleasant愉快的东西”来吸引买者。9.语法错误主谓一致。因为该句主语是one,所以，谓语动词应该使用 第三人称单数，即needs。10.词汇误用。advertised是过去分词，而此处是形容词修 饰strategy；因此，应该是advertising “广告（业）的”，表示“广告策略”。16. 单选题Success at language is（ ）of intelligence.问题1选项A.a more matter of application thanB.a matter more of application thanC.a matter of application more thanD.more a matter of application than【答案】D【解析】句意:语言的成功与其说是智力问题，不如说是应用问题。语法题。考查比较结构。a matter of “事关的事”，四个选项中，只有D项符合正确表达。17. 单选题Once（ ）, this power station will supply all the neighboring towns and villages with electricity.问题1选项A.it being completedB.completedC.completedD.it completes【答案】C【解析】句意:这座电站一建成竣工，就将向周围城乡供电。语法题。考查非谓语动词。逗号后面句子已经完整，因此逗号前面是动词的非谓语形式。整个句子主语是“this power station”，因此其与待选的动词之间是被动关系。当once是做副词吋，后面接过去分词表被动， 且因主语一致则省略主语，once后应该为“completed”。18. 单选题The news about the terrible flood there greatly discouraged（ ）there for a sight-seeing.问题1选项A.us from goingB.us to goC.our goingD.our to go【答案】A【解析】句意:关于那个地方的可怕洪水的新闻报道，使我们不想去那蓝观光了。考查固定搭配。discourage sb. from doing sth. 阻止某人做某事。19. 单选题This new-type machine（ ）little room.问题1选项A.takes upB.is taken upC.has been taken upD.is taking up【答案】A【解析】句意:这种新机器占很少的空间。语法题。考查时态语态。Take up表示“占据”，此处指新式机器的优点，是对一般事实的描述，因此，动词使用一般现在时。20. 单选题These goods are（ ）for export, though a few of them may be sold on the home market.问题1选项A.essentiallyB.completelyC.necessarilyD.remarkably【答案】A【解析】句意:尽管其中一些产品可以在国内销售，但是这些产品基本上是出口销售。考查副词辨析。Essentially本质上；根本上；基本上；completely完全地；necessarily必要地；remarkably明显地。因此A符合句意。